O interesse socioeducativo (e as dificuldades) de traduzir em português-espanhol

O Projeto que apresentamos insere-se nos estudos do Mestrado em Tradução Especializada dentro da vertente da Saúde e Ciências da Vida; é por isso que, partindo de um texto/suporte que visa promover uma alimentação saudável nas escolas (manual de referência difundido pelos Ministérios da Educação e Ciência e Ministério da Saúde de Portugal), procedemos à tradução (de português para espanhol) de um conteúdo que suscita, nos nossos dias, um grande interesse socioeducativo e cultural. É preciso destacar que o facto de ter nascido e vivido na Venezuela durante doze anos permitiu-me superar com êxito os meus estudos de espanhol na Licenciatura e no referido Mestrado; mas, ao mesmo tempo, tive que me adaptar, enquanto cidadã portuguesa, ao complexo e inacabado processo de ir interiorizando estas duas línguas – português/espanhol – tão próximas e no entanto com sistemas linguísticos bem distintos. Esta evidência encontra a sua maior justificação no grande capítulo dos erros (de forma e de significado) que consegui detetar e analisar graças à ajuda da minha professora orientadora, ao longo deste meu primeiro trabalho académico (texto traduzido para espanhol). Só agora, depois da minha primeira e “ingénua” tradução desse texto/manual, sou capaz de perceber com toda nitidez a dimensão do erro na atividade tradutora, assim como das suas consequências. Além desta importante reflexão, também o facto de elaborar este projeto permitiu-me abordar um aspeto linguístico da língua espanhola que me cativa pessoalmente (no que me diz respeito): o das variantes lexicais do castelhano nos países hispanofalantes. Não duvido em apontar um outro aspeto fundamental: o esforço de ter tido que corrigir minuciosamente e com rigor esta tarefa tradutora (com os seus respetivos comentários tradutológicos) converteu-se numa fonte de múltiplas satisfações pessoais; são aquelas que têm a ver com o cultivo de valores tais como o esforço, o espírito de superação, o exercício da responsabilidade e o (re)conhecimento da honestidade intelectual, entre outros.

O exercício profissional e a educação contábil : o caso do Conselho Federal de Contabilidade do Brasil

Esta tese analisa a preocupação do Conselho Federal de Contabilidade (CFC) com a formação do profissional e com a educação contábil ao longo da sua história, mas também explora o seu panorama atual, principalmente no que se refere à utilização do exame de suficiência como ferramenta de fiscalização preventiva dos profissionais e os fatores explicativos da taxa de aprovação. Para responder a este objetivo geral, a tese desenvolve-se em dois estudos complementares. No primeiro, estuda a criação do CFC e o processo de regulamentação da profissão, usando uma perspectiva interpretativa, fundamentada na sociologia das profissões, com base em dados documentais e gravações recolhidas no arquivo do Conselho. Daí conclui-se que o Sistema CFC/CRCs foi criado em consequência do forte desejo dos profissionais atuantes na área, do surgimento simultâneo do bacharelado em Ciências Contábeis no Brasil e da intervenção do governo corporativista de Getúlio Vargas num contexto de desenvolvimento econômico. O projeto profissional que surgiu nesta ocasião viria “acomodar” todos os rivais, o que fez com que o nível de homogeneização dos membros fosse mínimo, já que incluía aqueles que só tinham experiência prática e uma grande percentagem com diploma do ensino médio. A evidência empírica recolhida permite concluir que a manutenção desta categoria, por um tão longo período, acabou por desprestigiar a profissão. Apenas recentemente, no contexto da adoção das Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade (IFRS, na sigla em inglês), a profissão haveria de obter o credenciamento ao nível universitário. A esta altura, o CFC ganhou não só o direito ao credenciamento a nível universitário, como também o de selecionar os melhores candidatos através de um exame. Apesar dessa evolução positiva, a preocupação deste organismo profissional com a formação dos seus membros continua a ser grande, em função do baixo progresso da “base cognitiva” da profissão, observando-se um número reduzido de mestres e doutores em Contabilidade no Brasil, embora tenha havido, nos últimos anos, uma proliferação de Instituições de Educação Superior (IES) e de cursos de Ciências Contábeis que não foi acompanhada de uma evolução qualitativa.Na segunda parte da tese, desenvolve-se um estudo quantitativo de índole positivista, para tentar explicar as razões dos maus resultados no Exame do CFC. Usando dados recolhidos no Conselho Federal de Contabilidade, os resultados da pesquisa revelam que a taxa de aprovação nas edições do Exame de Suficiência não difere, significativamente, entre as regiões e estados do Brasil, sendo cada vez mais baixo ao longo dos anos. Apesar de uma análise de correlações demonstrar que a formação ao nível da pós-graduação dos docentes estar correlacionada positivamente com a taxa de aprovação no Exame do CFC, numa análise abrangente essas variáveis perderam força, devido, talvez, ao fato de estarem incorporadas em outras variáveis que se mostraram significativas, como o Índice Geral de Cursos e o Conceito de Curso. Além dessas variáveis que se revelaram positivamente relacionadas com a taxa de aprovação, também os resultados do exame Enade, o gênero e a idade se mostraram significativos. O baixo resultado do Enade é particularmente importante, já que reforça as preocupações do CFC sobre a proliferação de IES e de cursos, e o baixo desempenho que algumas IES apresentam, nomeadamente, por possuírem um nível reduzido de mestres e de doutores e, por outro lado, um número elevado de professores “horistas” e um investimento em pesquisa muito baixo.

Introduction: Mapping Gwen John: Lives, Lines and Images

Nomadic Narratives, Visual Forces explores issues, questions, and problems emerging in the analysis of epistolary and visual narratives. This book focuses in particular on Gwen John's letters and paintings. It offers an innovative theoretical approach to narrative analysis by drawing on Foucault's theory of power, Deleuze and Guattari's analytics of desire, and Cavarero's concept of the narratable self. Furthermore, it examines the use of letters as documents of life in narrative research and highlights the dynamics of spatiality in the constitution of the female self in art. This study brings together theoretical insights that emerge from the analysis of life documents - some of them previously unpublished - combining innovative research with specific methodological suggestions on doing narrative analysis.

Charting Cartographies of Resistance: Line of Flight in Women Artists’ Narratives

In this paper I chart lines of flight in women artist’s narratives. In focusing on the complex interrelations between the social milieus of education and art, what I suggest is that they should be analysed as an assemblage where power relations and forces of desire are constantly at play in creating conditions of possibility for women to resist, imagine themselves becoming other and for new possibilities in their lives to be actualised. As a novel approach to social ontology the theory of assemblages offers an analytics of social complexity that accounts for open configurations, continuous connections and unstable hierarchies, structures and axes of difference. In reconsidering resistance as immanent in dispositifs of power and assemblages of desire, what I finally argue is that women artists’ narratives contribute to the constitution of minor knowledges and create archives of radical futurity.

Various Joyful Encounters with the Dystopias of Affective Capitalism

This article contends that what appear to be the dystopic conditions of affective capitalism are just as likely to be felt in various joyful encounters as they are in atmospheres of fear associated with post 9/11 securitization. Moreover, rather than grasping these joyful encounters with capitalism as an ideological trick working directly on cognitive systems of belief, they are approached here by way of a repressive affective relation a population establishes between politicized sensory environments and what Deleuze and Guattari (1994) call a brain-becoming-subject. This is a radical relationality (Protevi, 2010) understood in this context as a mostly nonconscious brain-somatic process of subjectification occurring in contagious sensory environments populations become politically situated in. The joyful encounter is not therefore merely an ideological manipulation of belief, but following Gabriel Tarde (as developed in Sampson, 2012), belief is always the object of desire. The discussion starts by comparing recent efforts by Facebook to manipulate mass emotional contagion to a Huxleyesque control through appeals to joy. Attention is then turned toward further manifestations of affective capitalism; beginning with the so-called emotional turn in the neurosciences, which has greatly influenced marketing strategies intended to unconsciously influence consumer mood (and choice), and ending with a further comparison between encounters with Nazi joy in the 1930s (Protevi, 2010) and the recent spreading of right wing populism similarly loaded with political affect. Indeed, the dystopian presence of a repressive political affect in all of these examples prompts an initial question concerning what can be done to a brain so that it involuntarily conforms to the joyful encounter. That is to say, what can affect theory say about an apparent brain-somatic vulnerability to affective suggestibility and a tendency toward mass repression? However, the paper goes on to frame a second (and perhaps more significant) question concerning what can a brain do. Through the work of John Protevi (in Hauptmann and Neidich (eds.), 2010: 168-183), Catherine Malabou (2009) and Christian Borch (2005), the article discusses how affect theory can conceive of a brain-somatic relation to sensory environments that might be freed from its coincidence with capitalism. This second question not only leads to a different kind of illusion to that understood as a product of an ideological trick, but also abnegates a model of the brain which limits subjectivity in the making to a phenomenological inner self or Being in the world.

Somatic pedagogies: Critiquing and resisting the affective discourse of the neoliberal state from an embodied anarchist perspective.

This paper takes as its context widespread feelings of anxiety within neoliberal society caused by a combination of material and discursive factors including precarious access to work and resources. It is argued that the state uses ‘discourses of affect’ to produce compliant subjects able to deal with (and unable to desire beyond) neoliberal precarity and anxiety. Critical education theorists have argued that discourses of ‘well-being’, emotional support and self-help have gained increasing purchase in mainstream education and in popular culture. These discourses are dangerous because they are individualized and depoliticized, and undermine collective political struggle. At the same time there has been a ‘turn to affect’ in critical academia, producing critical pedagogies that resist state affective discourse. I argue that these practices are essential for problematizing neoliberal discourse, yet existing literature tends to elide the role of the body in effective resistance, emphasising intellectual aspects of critique. The paper sketches an alternative, drawing on psychoanalytic and practiced pedagogies that aim to transgress the mind-body dualism and hierarchy, in particular Roberto Freire’s work on Somatherapy.

Conversations with remarkable teachers an exploration of teaching as healing

Through analysis and interpretation of transcribed taped conversations with two remarkable University teachers, Joel Shack and Harry Whittier, an articulation of perception and metaphor that exists in effective teaching, emerges as life giving or transformational. Creative insight and interpretation connect teaching to life. This work demonstrates how insightful conversations about teaching relate to poetic essence (Joel), energy (Harry), and healing (Ray), all aspects of a similar perceptual, creative and transformative process. Teachers shape education and excellent teaching inspires insofar as it is inspirited. Effective teaching is highly conscious and intentional. So much depends on how aware the teacher is, how the teacher sees what s/he is doing and how this doing/teaching is received. The effective teacher, attentive to how this energy works, can provoke positive change in consciousness both in the student, in education and in society. My study draws attention to the healing power of the teacher as he/she teaches and to the process of dialogue as teachers talk about what they do and don't do. For inherent in conversation and dialogue is the desire to affirm whole perceptions of existence. Dialogue and conversation is necessary to creating the kind of consciousness that will aid the reflective and conscientious teacher. The effective teacher attempts to effect change, to make things better. I call this transforming process, healing. And what creates this healing is the life, the attitude and approach of the teacher. The teacher's energy and consciousness, the teacher's perception of meaning, is the active but implicit ingredient in this transformative and healing process. These conversations are creative, theoretical, illuminating and even practical. It is my hope that the contents of these conversations will inspire potential teachers who can consider the vocation of teaching as a healing process that promises to generate positive growth in mind, body and spirit.

Reinventing America on the battlefields of Spain or following the party line: conflicting perceptions of the Spanish Civil War in the present and in the past

Isolationism and neutrality are two of the recurrent themes in the study of the history of the U.S. foreign policy in the interwar years. The trauma of the Great War, which had swept away 130.000 U.S. lives and had cost $30 billion, had led public opinion to strongly oppose any involvement with European affairs. Besides, the urgent need for economic recovery during the dismal years of the Great Depression did not leave Roosevelt much room for manoeuvre to influence international events. His positions regarding the intentions of the Fascist states remained, at best, ambivalent. These facts notwithstanding, about 2800 U.S. citizens crossed the Atlantic and rushed in to help democratic Spain, which was on the verge of becoming one more hostage in the hands of the Fascism. They joined the other British, Irish and Canadian volunteers and formed the XV International Brigade. 900 Americans never returned home. This alone should challenge the commonly held assumption that the American people were indifferent to the rise of the Fascist threat in Europe. But it also begs other questions. Considering the prevailing isolationist mood, what really motivated them? With what discursive elements did these men construct their anti Fascist representations? How far did their understanding of the Spanish democracy correspond to their own American democratic ideal? In what way did their war experience across the Atlantic mould their perception of U.S. politics (both domestic and foreign)? How far did the Spanish Civil War constitute one first step towards the realization that the U.S. might actually be drawn into another international conflict of unpredictable consequences? Last but not the least, what ideological, political and cultural complicity existed between the men from the English-speaking battalions? In order to unearth some of the answers, I intend to examine their letters and see how these men recorded the historical events in which they took part. Their correspondence emerged from the desire to prove their commitment to a common cause and spoke of a common war experience, but each letter, in its uniqueness, ends up mirroring not only the social and political background of each individual fighter, but also his own particular perspective of the war, of world politics and of the Spanish people. We shall see how these letters differ and converge and how these particular accounts weave, as in an epistolary novel, a larger-than-life narrative of outrage and solidarity, despair and hope.

Aims of education and well-being as absence of disorder

This thesis offers an original account of what personal well-being can be. Any account of education, it is believed, has to do with and aims at personal well-being. I approach this view on well-being not in a positive but in a negative way. I put forward some items that in certain circumstances can be taken by and called sources or forms of disorder. In the absence of such forms or sources of disorder, I assume that a certain order, prudential or moral, takes place and that constitutes the well-being of the person. The concept of ‘absence of disorder’ is introduced and argued as an educationally appropriate view of personal well-being which is the central educational aim. Therefore, ‘absence of disorder’ is positioned as the central aim of education. This concept is illuminated, for practical reasoning, by a list of seven possible forms of disorder: Comparison, Corruption, Dependency, Division, Fear, Self-disintegration and Violence. As a view of personal well-being, ‘absence of disorder’ is initially rooted in informed desire satisfaction, via the introduction of the concept of entropy. Prudentially, the agent’s informed desire is satisfied by living a life with low build up of entropy or disorder. But, in a second move such a base is also provided by the Levinasinian concept of ‘disinterest’ as a root for ‘what is to be a human’. Such ‘disinterest’ is related to the concepts of love and of ‘action for its own sake’. It is at this final approach that an attempt is made towards the approximation of the ethical and the prudential aspects of social practices. Even if only to some extent successful, the argument is directed to the following conclusion: an education aiming at ‘absence of disorder’ may promote prudential well-being and give us some confidence in simultaneously favouring moral education.

Generation Y : salutogenes unternehmerisches Engagement und Work-Life-Balance Maßnahmen als Auslöser affektiven Mitarbeiter-Commitments

In einem Artikel der Zeitschrift Die Zeit wird die Generation Y, die Generation deren Angehörige derzeit zum Großteil ihre akademische Ausbildung beenden und sich dem Arbeitsmarkt zuwenden, auch als Generation Pippi, angelehnt an Astrid Lindgrens Kinderbuchheldin Pippi Langstrumpf, bezeichnet (Bund et al., 2013: 1). Individualität, eine ausgeprägte Abneigung gegenüber Autoritätspersonen, der Wunsch nach Spaß und Abwechslung sowie das Bestreben, sich selbst zu verwirklichen, charakterisieren Pippi Langstrumpf (Bund et al., 2013: 1). Diese Charakterbeschreibungen werden z. T. auf die Generation Y übertragen und stellen Unternehmen vor eine Herausforderung: Um Arbeitnehmer der Generation Y affektiv zu binden, so dass sich in diese getätigte und noch zu tätigenden Investitionen rentieren, müssen neue Strategien entwickelt werden. Innerhalb dieser Bachelorarbeit konnten erste Erkenntnisse dahingehend gewonnen werden, dass u. a. Work-Life-Balance Maßnahmen, (gesundheitsorientierte) Führung, ein positives Arbeitsklima und Mitbestimmung als Auslöser affektiven organisationalen Commitments der Generation Y fungieren können. Bei der nachfolgend dargestellten Arbeit handelt es sich um eine überarbeitete Version der gleichnamigen Bachelorarbeit, die von Prof. Dr. Sven Litzcke sowie von Prof. Dr. Dr. Daniel Wichelhaus betreut wurde.

Tradução científica de The thalassaemia syndromes: reflexões sobre questões terminológicas e estratégias de tradução

Trabalho de projecto de mestrado, Tradução, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2012

Cooperação, motivação e tecnologias : processo de aprendizagem em Oficina de Expressão Plástica, 7.º ano

Relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, Ensino de Artes Visuais, Universidade de Lisboa, 2013

The role and performance of Herodotus as Narrator of the Histories

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1987

Poéticas do testemunho em Maurice Blanchot e Samuel Beckett : o dom da literatura

Tese de doutoramento, Estudos da Literatura e da Cultura (Estudos Comparatistas), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2014

A identidade social : trajectória de um discurso ideológico em José Saramago e Miguel Otero Silva

Tese de doutoramento, Estudos de Literatura e de Cultura (Estudos Comparatistas), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Letras, 2014