Modelo local de simulación de nivel de napa freática en la Depresión del Salado

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Fases de aprendizaje en el contexto de van Hiele para el concepto de continuidad local

El presente reporte articula el modelo educativo de van Hiele en su aspecto prescriptivo con la enseñanza de uno de los conceptos fundamentales del Análisis Matemático, continuidad local, a través de la implementación y el desarrollo de un Módulo de Aprendizaje que permite procesos de razonamiento en los estudiantes con el fin de promoverlos de un Nivel II a un Nivel III, el módulo es construido en correspondencia con los descriptores de fases para de dar cuenta de las estructuras mentales elaboradas. Posteriormente, en el análisis de cada uno de los tres casos, se describe en categorías en correspondencia los descriptores y donde se hace explícito como razonan los estudiantes en su paso del Nivel II al Nivel III respecto al concepto de continuidad local.

Tránsito entre representaciones en matemáticas ¿pensamiento global o local?

Este trabajo pretende dar a conocer el avance, que hasta el momento se ha logrado, en la línea de investigación: “Visualización y pensamiento global en Matemáticas”, la cual persigue, a partir de la Teoría de Representaciones Semióticas de Duval, la caracterización del estilo de pensamiento global y local, de estudiantes de nivel medio superior y superior y de sus profesores. En particular reporto los resultados preliminares encontrados hasta el momento con estudiantes de primeros semestres de licenciatura al abordar un problema de precálculo, contrastado con desempeños en ajedrez para interpretar aspectos semejantes en cuanto a la forma local o global de pensar un problema viendo sus registros que lleven a resultados que pudieran servir en la mejora de la enseñanza de algunos temas de matemáticas.

Aspectos comparativos en la extensión del modelo de Van Hiele al concepto de aproximación local

En el contexto del modelo de Van Hiele, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio comparativo de dos colecciones de descriptores para el mismo concepto: El de aproximación local en su manifestación de la recta tangente a la gráfica de una curva en un punto. A partir de las visualizaciones que se obtienen de los mecanismos llamados "haz de secantes" y del "zoom", se concluye que, en efecto, el nivel de razonamiento es independiente de la forma de abordar el concepto, de ese mecanismo particular usado para acercarse al mismo.

The use of a biased heuristic by a genetic algorithm applied to the design of multipoint connections in a local access network

This paper presents a genetic algorithm for finding a constrained minimum spanning tree. The problem is of relevance in the design of minimum cost communication networks, where there is a need to connect all the terminals at a user site to a terminal concentrator in a multipoint (tree) configuration, while ensuring that link capacity constraints are not violated. The approach used maintains a distinction between genotype and phenotype, which produces superior results to those found using a direct representation in a previous study.

Local likelihood smoothing of sample extremes

Trends in sample extremes are of interest in many contexts, an example being environmental statistics. Parametric models are often used to model trends in such data, but they may not be suitable for exploratory data analysis. This paper outlines a semiparametric approach to smoothing example extremes, based on local polynomial fitting of the generalized extreme value distribution and related models. The uncertainty of fits is assessed by using resampling methods. The methods are applied to data on extreme temperatures and on record times for the womens 3000m race.

Local models for exploratory analysis of hydrological extremes

Trend analysis is widely used for detecting changes in hydrological data. Parametric methods for this employ pre-specified models and associated tests to assess significance, whereas non-parametric methods generally apply rank tests to the data. Neither approach is suitable for exploratory analysis, because parametric models impose a particular, perhaps unsuitable, form of trend, while testing may confirm that trend is present but does not describe its form. This paper describes semi-parametric approaches to trend analysis using local likelihood fitting of annual maximum and partial duration series and illustrates their application to the exploratory analysis of changes in extremes in sea level and river flow data. Bootstrap methods are used to quantify the variability of estimates.

Evaluation of distortions in laser welded shipbuilding parts using local-global finite element approach

In recognition of the differences of scale between the welding pool and the heat affected zone along the welding line on one hand, and the overall size of the components being welded on the other, a local-global finite element approach was developed for the evaluation of distortions in laser welded shipbuilding parts. The approach involves the tandem use of a 'local' and a 'global' step. The local step involves a three-dimensional finite element model for the simulation of the laser welding process using the Sysweld finite element code, which takes into account thermal, metallurgical, and mechanical aspects. The simulation of the laser welding process was performed using a non-linear heat transfer analysis, based on a keyhole formation model, and a coupled transient thermomechanical analysis, which takes into account metallurgical transformations using the temperature dependent material properties and the continuous cooling transformation diagram. The size and shape of the keyhole used in the local finite element analysis was evaluated using a keyhole formation model and the Physica finite volume code. The global step involves the transfer of residual plastic strains and the stiffness of the weld obtained from the local model to the global analysis, which then provides the predicted distortions for the whole part. This newly developed methodology was applied to the evaluation of global distortions due to laser welding of stiffeners on a shipbuilding part. The approach has been proved reliable in comparison with experiments and of practical industrial use in terms of computing time and storage.

Predicting toxic gas concentrations resulting from enclosure fires using local equivalence ratio concept linked to fire field models

A practical CFD method is presented in this study to predict the generation of toxic gases in enclosure fires. The model makes use of local combustion conditions to determine the yield of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon, soot and oxygen. The local conditions used in the determination of these species are the local equivalence ratio (LER) and the local temperature. The heat released from combustion is calculated using the volumetric heat source model or the eddy dissipation model (EDM). The model is then used to simulate a range of reduced-scale and full-scale fire experiments. The model predictions for most of the predicted species are then shown to be in good agreement with the test results

Local examination of skin diffusion using FTIR spectroscopic imaging and multivariate target factor analysis

In the context of trans-dermal drug delivery it is very important to have mechanistic insight into the barrier function of the skin's stratum corneum and the diffusion mechanisms of topically applied drugs. Currently spectroscopic imaging techniques are evolving which enable a spatial examination of various types of samples in a dynamic way. ATR-FTIR imaging opens up the possibility to monitor spatial diffusion profiles across the stratum corneum of a skin sample. Multivariate data analyses methods based on factor analysis are able to provide insight into the large amount of spectroscopically complex and highly overlapping signals generated. Multivariate target factor analysis was used for spectral resolution and local diffusion profiles with time through stratum corneum. A model drug, 4-cyanophenol in polyethylene glycol 600 and water was studied. Results indicate that the average diffusion profiles between spatially different locations show similar profiles despite the heterogeneous nature of the biological sample and the challenging experimental set-up.