Identificações do feminino em materiais didáticos contemporâneos

Dada a persistente restrição da presença feminina em diferentes espaços-tempos das sociedades contemporâneas, desenvolvemos esta pesquisa com o objetivo de discutir os significados atribuídos ao feminino em materiais didáticos da atualidade. Partindo da hipótese de que a educação escolar, embora não determine, participa dos processos sociais que resultam em tal quadro de subalternização da mulher, focalizamos as apostilas utilizadas pelos anos finais do ensino fundamental das escolas públicas da rede da Secretaria Municipal de Educação da Cidade do Rio de Janeiro, durante o ano de 2013. Foram selecionadas as apostilas das disciplinas Ciência, História e Matemática. Desenvolvemos também estudo sobre a apropriação da noção de gênero na produção acadêmica recente da pesquisa em Educação, de modo a mapear e discutir sobre esta outra importante instância de atribuição de sentido ao ser mulher. Em diálogo com o filósofo Jacques Derrida e suas teorizações sobre os processos sociais de construção de sentidos, nossas análises se basearam no entendimento de que as palavras possuem significados instáveis, provisórios e precários, instituídos de modo relacional e diferencial. Com as teorizações de Joan Scott e Judith Butler, trazemos as proposições de Derrida para pensar os mecanismos de produção do feminino no social, através do conceito de gênero e da noção de identidade performativa. Entre os resultados construídos, está a invisibilidade que a história das mulheres apresenta no material de História, a naturalização de funções apresentadas como femininas nas apostilas de Ciência e a reprodução de concepções tradicionais sobre o lugar de meninas e meninos no corpus de Matemática. Mas concluímos também que os materiais didáticos pesquisados já possuem concepções menos sexistas na forma de significar o feminino, observando-se deslocamentos que sugerem certa hibridação. Porém, esses deslocamentos são inseridos nos textos de forma tímida, fazendo com que os postulados com maior poder de iteração sejam aqueles que ainda reproduzem velhas formas de ser mulher e de ser homem, podendo reforçar os estereótipos de gênero, caso não haja acesso a informações que se contraponham às encontradas.

Efeito da intensidade do exercício físico no gasto energético com atividades físicas em meninos com excesso de peso.

Estudos epidemiológicos têm mostrado rápido aumento na prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade, tanto na população adulta quanto em crianças e adolescentes, sendo o exercício físico considerado uma importante estratégia tanto na prevenção quanto no tratamento do ganho de peso. Apesar disso, estudos que avaliam os efeitos isolados do exercício físico no controle ponderal têm apresentado resultados conflitantes. Esses achados podem ser explicados por um possível efeito compensatório provocado pela sessão de exercício nas atividades físicas realizadas em períodos subsequentes. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o efeito de diferentes intensidades do exercício físico no gasto energético com atividades físicas em adolescentes com excesso de peso. O desenho do estudo foi experimental do tipo crossover com realização de três sessões (controle, exercício moderado e exercício vigoroso). Vinte e quatro adolescentes de 11 a 13 anos, estudantes da rede municipal de ensino de Niterói-RJ, do sexo masculino e com excesso de peso concordaram em participar do estudo. O gasto energético com atividades físicas foi avaliado por acelerômetros triaxiais colocados durante as sessões experimentais e retirado após seis dias. Os dados referentes ao gasto energético associado às atividades físicas foram avaliados na 1 hora de utilização do acelerômetro e durante os seis dias de acompanhamento. Além disso, os valores também foram tratados de forma cumulativa, tendo sido calculado o gasto energético total de 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 e 144 horas. Análise de variância foi utilizada para avaliar as possíveis diferenças entre o gasto energético na primeira hora de registro entre os três grupos seguida do teste post hoc de Scheffé. A comparação das variações das médias de gasto energético (por dia e acumuladas) foi realizada por meio de modelos lineares mistos. A comparação do gasto energético durante a 1 hora de registro demonstrou diferença significativa entre todos três grupos, com médias de 82, 286 e 343 kcal para os grupos controle, moderado e intenso, respectivamente (p<0.001). O mesmo padrão de diferença para o gasto energético entre os grupos se manteve ao final de 24 horas (704 vs 970 vs 1056 kcal, p<0.001) e no gasto energético acumulado durante os seis dias de acompanhamento (5102 vs 5193 vs 5271 kcal, p<0.001). A análise do gasto energético por dia demonstrou uma redução do gasto energético dos grupos moderado e vigoroso a partir do segundo dia e que se manteve até o sexto dia de acompanhamento. Desse modo, pode-se concluir que uma única sessão de exercício físico aeróbio parece modificar o comportamento das atividades físicas espontâneas realizadas ao longo de 6 dias em adolescentes com excesso de peso. Entretanto, apesar do efeito compensatório observado, o gasto energético acumulado durante os seis dias para os grupos que realizaram as sessões de exercícios foi superior ao da sessão controle, tendo o grupo vigoroso apresentado o maior dispêndio acumulado para o período de acompanhamento. Futuros estudos são necessários de modo a investigar a compensação do gasto energético em obesos e não obesos e o efeito de um número maior de sessões de treinamento.

Fios do novelo: crianças negras, educação e trabalho em Vassouras, 1871 a 1910

Nosso trabalho analisa o processo de escolarização de crianças negras em Vassouras, de 1871 a 1910. Intencionamos unir as reflexões do campo da História e da História da Educação, para compreender a organização da sociedade e a inserção da escola nessa cidade, destacando a presença das crianças negras nos bancos escolares. Para conhecer a organização social de Vassouras dialogamos com Raposo (1978) e Stein (1990), dois historiadores cujas obras marcam a história da cidade. Seguindo a mesma trilha, analisamos a produção dos historiadores ligados ao Vale do Paraíba, tais como: Salles (2008), Muaze (2008) e Gomes (2006) para compreender a formação das famílias e seus títulos de nobreza. Também dialogamos com os professores Góes e Florentino (1997) e Mattos (1998) para compreender a formação da família escrava e o significado da liberdade. Na História da Educação destacamos os estudos desenvolvidos por: Gondra e Schueler (2008), que sinalizam que há poucos estudos sobre o processo de escolarização de negros, afrodescendentes e índios no período imperial. Esse quadro apontado pelos autores citados anteriormente já começou a mudar. O estudo de Silva (2000) sobre a escola para meninos negros na Corte foi um dos pioneiros na perspectiva histórica. Igualmente desbravador do campo foi a pesquisa realizada por Barros (2005) sobre o processo de escolarização de negros em São Paulo. Os trabalhos de Fonseca (2002 e 2009) desmistificam a tese de ausência de crianças negras nas escolas das Gerais. Gonçalves (2005) faz um balanço da questão e apresenta novas lacunas em áreas onde ainda não há pesquisas sobre os negros na Educação, entre elas a província do Rio de Janeiro. Este estudo buscou preencher essa lacuna a partir de documentos que se encontravam em diferentes acervos da cidade e do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Nessas instituições coletamos: pedidos de Soldada, o jornal O Vassourense, verbetes de dicionários tecnológicos de Direito e verbetes do dicionário bibliográfico Velho Sobrinho. Em Vassouras encontramos os Mapas de Frequência Escolar e os Ofícios remetidos ao diretor da Instrução Pública. O processo histórico de educação dos libertos, iniciado com a Lei do Ventre Livre em 1871, em Vassouras pode ser acompanhado pelos Mapas de Frequência Escolar, e esses documentos nos permitem acompanhar até que idade essa criança negra permanecia na escola e também conhecer a sua saída para o mundo do trabalho. O ano de 1910 foi estabelecido para acompanhar o movimento interno, da própria documentação existente nos acervos de Vassouras, que após esse período apresentavam lacunas que dificultavam a montagem de uma série que permitisse uma análise das questões educacionais em paralelo com as questões sociais e econômicas. Adotamos como suporte teórico metodológico o Paradigma Indiciário proposto por Ginzburg (1989), que busca reconstruir as sociedades de tempos pretéritos a partir de vestígios, pistas e indícios presentes nos documentos. Também nos auxiliaram na leitura dos documentos os livros escritos por Elias (1993, 1994, 2000 e 2001), nos quais buscávamos base para ler o mundo das letras e o mundo do trabalho da sociedade vassourense no final do Império e início da República

Fios do novelo: crianças negras, educação e trabalho em Vassouras, 1871 a 1910

Nosso trabalho analisa o processo de escolarização de crianças negras em Vassouras, de 1871 a 1910. Intencionamos unir as reflexões do campo da História e da História da Educação, para compreender a organização da sociedade e a inserção da escola nessa cidade, destacando a presença das crianças negras nos bancos escolares. Para conhecer a organização social de Vassouras dialogamos com Raposo (1978) e Stein (1990), dois historiadores cujas obras marcam a história da cidade. Seguindo a mesma trilha, analisamos a produção dos historiadores ligados ao Vale do Paraíba, tais como: Salles (2008), Muaze (2008) e Gomes (2006) para compreender a formação das famílias e seus títulos de nobreza. Também dialogamos com os professores Góes e Florentino (1997) e Mattos (1998) para compreender a formação da família escrava e o significado da liberdade. Na História da Educação destacamos os estudos desenvolvidos por: Gondra e Schueler (2008), que sinalizam que há poucos estudos sobre o processo de escolarização de negros, afrodescendentes e índios no período imperial. Esse quadro apontado pelos autores citados anteriormente já começou a mudar. O estudo de Silva (2000) sobre a escola para meninos negros na Corte foi um dos pioneiros na perspectiva histórica. Igualmente desbravador do campo foi a pesquisa realizada por Barros (2005) sobre o processo de escolarização de negros em São Paulo. Os trabalhos de Fonseca (2002 e 2009) desmistificam a tese de ausência de crianças negras nas escolas das Gerais. Gonçalves (2005) faz um balanço da questão e apresenta novas lacunas em áreas onde ainda não há pesquisas sobre os negros na Educação, entre elas a província do Rio de Janeiro. Este estudo buscou preencher essa lacuna a partir de documentos que se encontravam em diferentes acervos da cidade e do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Nessas instituições coletamos: pedidos de Soldada, o jornal O Vassourense, verbetes de dicionários tecnológicos de Direito e verbetes do dicionário bibliográfico Velho Sobrinho. Em Vassouras encontramos os Mapas de Frequência Escolar e os Ofícios remetidos ao diretor da Instrução Pública. O processo histórico de educação dos libertos, iniciado com a Lei do Ventre Livre em 1871, em Vassouras pode ser acompanhado pelos Mapas de Frequência Escolar, e esses documentos nos permitem acompanhar até que idade essa criança negra permanecia na escola e também conhecer a sua saída para o mundo do trabalho. O ano de 1910 foi estabelecido para acompanhar o movimento interno, da própria documentação existente nos acervos de Vassouras, que após esse período apresentavam lacunas que dificultavam a montagem de uma série que permitisse uma análise das questões educacionais em paralelo com as questões sociais e econômicas. Adotamos como suporte teórico metodológico o Paradigma Indiciário proposto por Ginzburg (1989), que busca reconstruir as sociedades de tempos pretéritos a partir de vestígios, pistas e indícios presentes nos documentos. Também nos auxiliaram na leitura dos documentos os livros escritos por Elias (1993, 1994, 2000 e 2001), nos quais buscávamos base para ler o mundo das letras e o mundo do trabalho da sociedade vassourense no final do Império e início da República

Estudo de associação entre os níveis de coordenação motora, adiposidade e atividade física de crianças em idade escolar

Há um crescente conjunto de evidências que têm indicado associações significativas entre os níveis de coordenação motora e outros atributos relacionados à saúde, tais como os níveis de adiposidade corporal e atividade física. Entretanto, as associações entre os níveis de coordenação motora, adiposidade e atividade física têm sido analisadas de forma bivariada, sem considerar a influência recíproca que essas variáveis exercem entre si, o que pode ser a causa da produção de dados enviesados. Assim sendo, o objetivo geral do presente estudo foi analisar o inter-relacionamento entre os níveis de coordenação motora, adiposidade e atividade física de crianças entre 12 e 14 anos de idade. Cento e dezenove participantes (51 meninos e 68 meninas) foram recrutados. O questionário Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children, o teste de coordenação motora Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder e um plicômetro clínico foram utilizados para estimar, respectivamente, os níveis de atividade física, coordenação motora e adiposidade corporal dos participantes. Coeficientes de Correlação de Pearson foram usados para examinar as associações bivariadas entre níveis de atividade física e coordenação motora e entre níveis de adiposidade corporal e coordenação motora. Correlações parciais foram usadas para analisar as associações entre os níveis de atividade física e coordenação motora, controlando pelos níveis de adiposidade corporal, e entre os níveis de adiposidade corporal e coordenação motora, controlando pelos níveis de atividade física. O teste de Análise de Covariância Multivariada (MANCOVA) foi utilizado para testar diferenças entre os grupos formados de acordo com o status de adiposidade e atividade física com o intuito de examinar a influência combinada dessas variáveis sobre os níveis de coordenação motora. De um modo geral, os resultados deste estudo indicaram que as associações dos níveis de coordenação motora com os níveis de adiposidade corporal e atividade física podem sofrer alterações de acordo com as covariáveis consideradas nas análises em meninos, mas não em meninas. O fato de tal fenômeno não ter sido observado em meninas pode estar relacionado aos baixos níveis de atividade física apresentados por elas. Foram sugeridas pesquisas adicionais nas quais sejam recrutadas meninas com maiores níveis de atividade física com o intuito de testar a hipótese acima aludida. Por fim, embora nesta oportunidade não se tenha estabelecido qualquer relação de causalidade entre as variáveis estudadas, não temos dúvidas de que crianças devem ser encorajadas a desenvolverem adequados níveis de coordenação motora, pois tal variável está associada com atributos relacionados ao estado de saúde.

Distribution of CCR2-64I and SDF1-3 ' A alleles and HIV status in 7 ethnic populations of Cameroon

Limited information is available on the prevalence among rural Africans of host genetic polymorphisms conferring resistance to HIV-1 infection or slowing HIV disease progression.We report the allelic frequencies of the AIDS-related polymorphisms CCR2-64I, SDF1-3#A, and CCR5-D32 in 321 volunteers from 7 ethnic groups in Cameroon. Allelic frequencies differed among the 7 ethnic groups, ranging from 10.8% to 31.3% for CCR2-64I and 0.0% to 7.1% for SDF1-3#A. No CCR5-D32 alleles were found. HIV seroprevalence was 6.9% in the total population and peaked at younger ages in girls and women than in boys and men. Among 15- to 54-year-olds, HIV seroprevalence varied from 2.0% to 11.1% among the village populations. Conditional logistic regression analysis using data from boys and men aged 15 to 54 years showed the number of CCR2-64I alleles to be a significant risk factor for HIV seropositivity (odds ratio per allele adjusted for age and matched on ethnic group = 6.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.3–30.3); this association was not found in women. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that CCR2-64I alleles may delay HIV disease progression without affecting susceptibility to infection among men. We did not observe this relation among women, and other factors, such as multiple pregnancies or maternal stressors (eg, breastfeeding), may have masked any protective effect of CCR2-64I alleles. Further study of this issue among women is warranted. SDF1-3#A did not differ between HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative individuals but wasassociated with increasing age among HIV-seronegative women, suggesting a protective effect against HIV-1 infection.

Design and testing of an ortho-planar micro-valve

This paper presents the production and testing of an ortho-planar one-way micro-valve. The main advantages of such valves are that they are very compact and can be made from a single flat piece of material. A previous paper presents and discusses a micro-valve assembly based on a spider spring. The present paper focuses on the valve assembly process and the valve performance.. Several prototypes with a bore of 0.2 mm have been built using two manufacturing techniques (μEDM and stereo-lithography) and tested for pressures up to 7 bars. © 2008 International Federation for Information Processing.

Geochemical properties of the variolitic andesite from Susong in the Dabie orogenic belt, China

The variolitic andesite from the Susong County in the Dabie Mountains implies that it was erupted in water. The mineralogy of the varioles is primarily radiate plagioclase (albite sind oligoclase), with little pyroxene, hornblende and quartz (derived from alteration). The pyroxene, hornblende and quartz are in the interstices between plagiocalse. The matrix consists of glass, hornblende, chlorite, epidote and zoisite. It is clearly subjected an extensive alteration. The andesite has an uncommon chemical composition. The SiO2 content is about 56.8%, TiO2 = 0.9%, MgO = 6.4%, Fe2O3 (tot) = 6.7%similar to 7.6%, 100Mg/(Mg + Fe) = 64.1 similar to 66.2. Mg-# is significantly high. The andesite has high abundances of large-lithophile trace elements (e.g. K, Ba. Sr, LREE), e.g. La/Nb = 5.56 similar to 6.07, low abundances of high-strength-field elements (HFSE e.g. Ta, Nb, P, Ti), particularly Ta and Nb strongly depleted. These are consistent with the characteristics of subduction-related magmas. In the spider diagram of trace elements, from Ce to right hand, the abundances of elements decrease quickly, showing a character of the continental margins. There has a strong punishment of light-rare-earth elements, with a significant diffraction of REEs (the mean value of (La/Yb)(N) is 32.84). No Eu anomaly, but there are anomaly high (La/Yb)(N) = 28.63 similar to 36.74, (La/Y)(N) = 70.33 similar to 82.4. The elements Y and Yb are depleted greatly, Y<20 g/g, Y-N = 2.74 similar to 2.84, Yb-N = 2.18 similar to 2.35. From the La-(La/Sm) diagram, the andesite is derived from partial melting. But the epsilone value of Nd is - 18.7 similar to -19.2, so that the material source may be the mantle materials affected by the crustal materials. The Nd model age is 1.9 Ga indicating that the variolitic basaltic andesite was resulted from the mantle wedge of North China block, which had the Nd model age of 2.5Ga, when the Yangze block which had the Nd model age of 1.7Ga subducted beneath it. So the variolitic andesite has characteristics of the island-are volconic rocks oil a continental basement in the vicinity of the destructive continental margin.

晚中生代松辽盆地形成的大地构造环境及成因机制

Directed by the theory of "Collision Tectonic Facies", the tectonic setting and dynamic mechanism of the formation of Songliao basin in late Mesozoic (J_3-K_1) are studied in the present thesis with the methods of petrology, petrochemistry, geochemistry and isotopic geochronology. The research contents in this paper include as followings. Firstly, the general tectonic frame is made up of different tectonic facies formed from Mid-late Proterozoic to Mesozoic, which are Huabei plate, the Chengde-Siziwangqi melange (Pz_1), the Wenduermiao magmatic arc (Pz_1), the Hegenshan-Chaogenshan melange (Pz_2), the accretion arec (Pz_1-P), the Raohe-Hulin melange (Mz), the magmatic arc (Mz) and the pull-apart basin on the magmatic arc (Mz). Secondly, the volcanic rock assemblages of Songliao basin and its adjacent area in late Mesozoic is the typical calc-alkaline of the magmatic arc. The types of volcanic rocks in the study area include basalts, basaltic andesites, andesites, dacites and rhyolites, and basic-intermediate volcanic rocks have higher alkalinity. The volcanic rock series in this area is the high-K calc-alkaline series. Thirdly, the total REE of volcanic rocks in Songliao basin and its adjacent area is higher than that of the chondrite. The pattern of the REE normalized by the chondrite shows the characteristics similar to that of the typical island arcs or the active continental margins in the earth, that is enrichment of LREE and depletion of Eu. The spider-diagram of the trace element normalized by the primitive mantle also expresses the similar features to that of the typical island arcs or the active continental margins, it has distinctive valleies of Nb, Ta, Sr, P, and Ti, as well as the peaks of La, Ce, Th, U, and K. The incompatible elements show that the high field strength elements, such as Nb, Ta, Ti, and P, are depletion while the low field strength elements, such as K, U, Pb, and Ba, are enrichment. These features are similar to those of orogenic volcanic rocks and imply the formation of the volcanic rocks in this area is related to the subduction. The degrees of both the enrichment of the HFS elements and depletion of the LFS elements become more obvious from basic to acid volcanic rocks, which suggests crustal contamination enhances with the magmatic crystallization and fractionation. The concentration of the compatible elements is W-shape, and anomalies in Cr and Ni suggest there is the contamination during the magmatic crystallization and fractionation. Fourthly, the isotopic age data prove the volcanic activity in the Songliao basin and its adjacent area started in the early-middle Jurassic, and ended in the end of the early Cretaceous-the beginning of the Cretaceous. The volcanism summit was the late Jurassic-the early Cretaceous (100 - 150Ma). Finally, the tectonic setting of volcanism in the late Mesozoic was magmatic arc, which originated the subduction of Raohe-Hulin trench to the northwest Asian plate. The subduction began in the middle Jurassic, and the collision orogenesis between the Sikhote-Alin arc and Asian continent was completed in the end of the early Cretaceous-the beginning of the late Cretaceous. The results of above tectonic processes were finally to format Nadanhada orogenic belt symbolized by the Raohe-Hulin suture or melange belt. The violently oblique movement of the Izanagi plate toward Asian plate in the late Mesozoic was the dynamic mechanism of above tectonic processes. At the same tome, the left-lateral strike-slip shear caused by the oblique movement of the Izanagi plate produced a series of strike-slip faults in east Asian margin, and the large scale displacements of these strike-slip faults then produced the pull-apart basing or grabens on the magmatic arc. Conclusively, the tectonic setting during the formation of the grabens of Songliao basin in the late Mesozoic was magmatic arc, and its dynamic mechanism was the pull-apart. In a word, there was a good coupling relation among the oblique subduction of the oceanic plate, collisional orogene between island arc and continental plate, strike-slip shear of the faults and the formation of the grabens in Songliao basin and its adjacent area in late Mesozoic. These tectonic processes were completed in the unoin dynamic setting and mechanism as above description.

大别山岩石圈有效弹性厚度初步研究

As powerful tools to study the lithosphere dynamics, the effective elastic thickness (Te) as well as the envelope of yielding stress of lithosphere have been attracted great attention of geoscientists in the past thirty years. The oceanic lithosphere, contrary to the continental lithosphere, has more fruits for its simple structures and evolution process. In continent, the lithosphere commonly is complex and variable in the rheological, thermal structures, and has a complicated history. Therefore, the application of the effective elastic thickness in continent is still a subject to learn in a long time. Te, with the definition of the thickness of an elastic plate in theory flexured by the equal benging of the real stress in the lithosphere plate (Turcotte, 1982), marks the depth of transition between elastic and fluid behaviors of rocks subjected to stress exceeding 100 MPa over the geological timescales (McNutt, 1990). There are three methods often adapted: admittance or isostatic response function, coherence and forwarding. In principle, the models of Te consist of thermal-rheological, non-linear Maxwell, non-linear work hardening and rheological layered models. There is a tentative knowledge of Te that it is affected by the following factors: crustal thickness, crust-mantle decoupling, plate bending, boundary conditions of plate (end forces and bending moments), stress state, sedimentary layer, faulting effect, variation in the mountain belts' strike, foreland basin, inheritance of tectonic evolution, convection of mantle, seismic depth and lithosphere strength. In this thesis, the author introduces the geological sketch of the Dabie collisional orogenic belt and the Hefei Basin. The Dabie Mts. is famous for the ultra-high pressure metamorphism. The crustal materials subducted down to the depth of at least 100 km and exhumed. So that the front subjects arise such as the deeply subduction of continent, and the post-collisional crust-mantle interaction. In a geological journey at June of 1999, the author found the rarely variolitic basaltic andesite in the Dabie Mts. It occurs in Susong Group, near Zhifenghe Countryside, Susong County, Anhui Province. It is just to the south of the boundary between the high-grade Susong melange and the ultra-high grade South Dabie melange. It has a noticeable knobby or pitted appearance in the surface. The size of the varioles is about 1-4 mm. In hand-specimen and under microscope, there are distinct contacts between the varioles and the matrice. The mineralogy of the varioles is primarily radiate plagioclase, with little pyroxene, hornblende and quartz. The pyroxene, hornblende and quartz are in the interstices between plagioclase. The matrix is consisted of glass, and micro-crystals of chlorite, epidote and zoisite. It is clearly subjected and extensive alteration. The andesite has an uncommon chemical composition. The SiO_2 content is about 56.8%, TiO_2 = 0.9%, MgO = 6.4%, (Fe_2O_3)_(Total) = 6.7% ～ 7.6%, 100 Mg/(Mg+Fe) = 64.1 ～ 66.2. Mg# is significantly high. The andesite has higher abundances of large-lithophile trace elements (e.g. K, Ba, Sr, LREE), e.g. La/Nd = 5.56-6.07, low abundances of high-strength-field elements (HFSE, e.g. Ta, Nb, P, Ti), particularly Ta and Nb strongly depleted. These are consistent with the characteristics of subducted-related magmas (Pearcce, 1982; Sun and McDonaugh, 1989). In the spider diagram of trace elements, from Ce to right hand, the abundances of elements decrease quickly, showing a characteristic of the continental margins (Pearce, 1982). There has a strongly enrichment of light-rare-earth elements, with a significant diffraction of REEs (the mean value of (La/Yb)_N is 32.84). No Eu anomaly, but there are anomaly high (La/Yb)_N = 28.63-36.74, (La/Y)_N = 70.33 - 82.84. The elements Y and Yb depleted greatly, Y < 20 ppm, Y_N = 2.74-2.84, Yb_N = 2.18 - 2.35. From the La-(La/Sm) diagram, the andesite is derived from partial melting. But the epsilone value of Nd is -18.7 ～ -19.2, so that the material source may be the mantle materials affected by the crustal materials. The Nd model age is 1.9 Ga indicating that the basaltic andesite was resulted from the post-collisional crust-mantle interaction between the subducted Yangze carton and the mantle of Sino-Korea carton. To obtain the Te of the lithosphere beneath the Dabie Mts. and the Hefei Basin, the author applies the coherence method in this thesis. The author makes two topography-gravity profiles (profiles 7~(th) and 9~(th)) across the Dabie Mts. and the Hefei Basin, and calculates the auto-coherence, across coherence, power spectrum, across power spectrum of the topography and gravity of the two profiles. From the relationships between the coherence and the wave-number of profiles. From the relationships between the coherence and the wave-number of profiles 7~(th) and 9~(th), it is obtained that the characteristic wavelengths respectively are 157 km and 126 km. Consequently the values of effective elastic thickness are 6.5 km and 4.8 km, respectively. However, the Te values merely are the minimum value of the lithosphere because the coherencemethod in a relative small region will generate a systemic underestimation. Why there is a so low Te value? In order to check the strength of the lithosphere beneath the Dabie Mts., the authore tries to outline the yielding-stress envelope of the lithosphere. It is suggested that the elastic layers in the crust and upper mantle are 18 km and 35 km, respectively. Since there exist a low viscosity layer about 3-5 km thickness, so it is reasonable that the decoupling between the crust and mantle occurred. So the effective thickness of the lithosphere can be estimated from the two elastic layers. Te is about 34 km. This is the maximum strength of the lithosphere. We can make an approximately estimation about the strength of the lithosphere beneath the Dabie Mts.: Te is about 20-30 km. The author believes that the following factors should be responsible for the low Te value: (1) the Dabie Mts. has elevated strongly since K_3-J_1. The north part of the Dabie Mts. elevates faster than the south part today; (2) there occur large active striking faults in this area. And in the east, the huge Tan-Lu striking fault anyway tends to decrease the lithosphere strength; (3) the lithosphere beneath the Dabie Mts. is heter-homogeneous in spatio-temporal; (4) the study area just locates in the adjacent region between the eastern China where the lithosphere thickness is significantly reduced and the normal western China. These factors will decrease the lithosphere strength.

山东西部中生代碳酸岩和火山岩的地球化学特征及其成因研究

On account of some very peculiar features, such as extremely high Sr and Nd contents which can buffer their primary isotopic signatures against crustal contamination, deep-seated origin within mantle, and quick ascent in lithosphere, carbonatites are very suitable for deciphering the nature of sub-continental lithospheric mantle(SCLM) and receiving widespread attentions all around the world. The Mesozoic carbonatites located in western Shandong was comprehensively investigated in this dissertation. The extremely high REE concentrations, similar spider diagrams to most other carbonatites around the world and high Sr. low Mn contents of apatite from carbonatites confirm their igneous origin. The K depletion of carbonatites from this studies reflect the co-existing of carbonatite melts with pargasite+phlogopite lherzolite rather than phlogopite lherzolite. Geological characteristics and their occumng without associated silicate rocks argue against their origin of fractionation of or liquid immisibility with carbonated silicate melts. In contrast to the low S7Sr/86Sr and high l43Nd/l44Nd of other carbonatites in the world, carbonatites of this studies show EMU features with high S7Sr/86Sr and low l4jNd/144Nd ratios, which imply that this enriched nature was formed through metasomatism of enriched mantle preexisted beneath the Sino-korean craton by partial melts of subducted middle-lower crust of Yangtze craton. In addition to carbonatites, the coeval Mesozoic volcanic rocks from western Shandong were also studied in this dissertation. Mengyin and Pingyi volcanic rocks, which located in the south parts of western Shandong are shoshonite geochemically. while volcanic rocks cropped out in other places are high-K calc-alkaline series. All these volcanic rocks enriched in LREE and LILE. depleted in HFSE, and show TNT(strong negative anomalies in Ta, Nb. Ti) patterns in spider diagrams which are common phenomena in arc-related volcanic rocks. The Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic systematics reveal that the volcanic rocks decrease gradually in 87Sr/86Sr, 206Pb/204Pb, 20SPb/204Pb and increase in TDM from south to north, suggesting the distinction of SCLM beneath Shandong in Mesozoic is more explicit in south-north trending than in east-west trending. The variable features of SCLM can be attributed to the subduction of Yangtze craton beneath Sino-Korean craton, and subsequent metasomatism of SCLM by partial melts of Yangtze lower crust in different extent.

矾山杂岩体成因及其与磷（铁）矿的成矿关系

The Fanshan complex consists of layered potassic ultramafic-syenite intrusions. The Fanshan apatite (-magnetite) deposit occurs in the Fanshan complex, and is an important style of phosphorus deposit in China. The Fanshan complex consists of three (First- to Third-) Phases of intrusion, and then the dikes. The First-Phase Intrusive contains ten typical layered rocks: clinopyroxenite, biotite clinopyroxenite, coarse-grained biotite clinopyroxenite, pegmatitic orthoclase-biotite clinopyroxenite, variegated orthoclase clinopyroxenite, interstitial orthoclase clinopyroxenite, biotite rock, biotite-apatite rock, biotite rock and magnetite-apatite rock. This layered intrusive consists of nine rhythmic units. Each rhythmic unit essentially comprises a pair of layers: clinopyroxenite at the bottom and biotite clinopyroxenite at the top. The apatite (-magnetite) deposit is situated near the top of rhythmic Unit no. 6 of the First-Phase Intrusive. The Second-Phase Intrusive contains three typical rocks: coarse-grained orthoclase clinopyroxenite, . coarse-grained salite syenite and schorlomite-salite syenite. The Third-Phase Intrusive includes pseudo-trachytic salite syenite, porphyritic augite syenite, fine-grained orthoclase clinopyroxenite and fine-grained salite syenite. The origin of the Fanshan complex is always paid attention to it in China. Because most layered igneous intrusion in the world not only have important deposit in it, but also carry many useful information for studying the formation of the intrusion and the evolvement of magma. Two sketch maps were drawn through orebodies along no. 25 cross-cut on 425 mL and no. 1 cross-cut on 491 mL in the Fanshan mine. Through this mapping, a small-scaled rhythmic layering (called sub-rhythmic layering in the present study) was newly found at the top of the rhythmic Unit no. 6. The concept of sub-rhythmic layering is defined in this article. The sub-rhythmic layering is recognized throughout this apatite-rich part, except for magnetite-apatite rock. Presence of the layered magnetite-apatite rock is one of the characteristics of the Fanshan apatite (-magnetite) deposit. Thus, from this layer downwards six units of sub-rhythmic layering are recognized in the present study. Each unit consists of biotite clinopyroxenite (or biotite rock and biotite-apatite rock) layer at the bottom and apatite rock layer at the top. To study this feature in detail is an important work for understanding the origin of the Fanshan complex and apatite (-magnetite) deposit. The origin of the Fanshan complex and the relation of the formation of the apatite(-magnetite)deposit will be interpreted by the study of sub-rhythmic layering on the basis of previous research works. The magma formed the Fanshan complex was rich in K2O, early crystallized pyroxene, and after this phase more biotite crystallized, but no amphibole appeared. This indicated that the activity of H2O in the magma was low. Major element compositions of biotite and clinopyroxene (on thin sections) in the sub-rhythmic layering were analyzed using electron microprobe analyzer. The analytical results indicate Mg/(Mg+Fe*+Mn) atomic ratios (Fe*, total iron) of these two minerals rhythmically changed in sub-rhythmic layering. The trends of Mg/(Mg+Fe*+Mn) atomic ratio (Fe*, total iron) of biotite and clinopyroxene indicate that the magma evolved markedly from relatively magnesian bottom layer to less magnesian top layer in each sub-rhythmic unit. A general trend through the sub-rhythmic layering sequence is both minerals becoming relatively magnesian upwards. The formation temperatures for sub-rhythmic layering yield values between 600 and 800 ℃, were calculated using the ratio of Mg/(Mg+Fe+Mn) in the salite and biotite assemblage. The equilibrium pressures in the rhythmic layers calculated using the contents of Al in the salite were plotted in the section map, shown a concave curve. This indicates that the magma formed the First-Phase Intrusive crystallized by two vis-a-vis ways, from its bottom and top to its centre, and the magnetite-apatite rock was crytallized in the latest stage. The values of equilibrium pressures in the sub-rhythmic layering were 3.6-6.8(xlO8) Pa with calculated using the contents of Al in the salite. The characteristics of geochemistry in various intrusive rocks and the rocks or apatite of sub-rhythmic layers indicated that the Fanshan complex formed by the comagmatic crystallization. The contents of immiscible elements and REEs of apatite rock at the top of one sub-rhythmic unit are more than biotite clinopyroxenite at the bottom. The contents of immiscible elements and REEs of apatite of biotite clinopyroxenite at the bottom of one sub-rhythmic unit are higher than apatite rock at the top. The curves of rocks (or apatite) in the upper sub-rhythmic units are between two curves of the below sub-rhythmic unit in the primitive mantle-normalized trace element abundance spider diagram and the primitive mantle-normalized REE pattern. The trend for the contents of immiscible elements and REEs inclines to the same contents from the bottom to the top in sub-rhythmic layering. These characteristics of geochemistry of rocks or apatites from sub-rhythmic layering indicate that the latter sub-rhythmic unit was produced by the residual magma after crystallization of the previous sub-rhythmic unit. The characteristics of petrology, petrochemistry, geochemistry in the Fanshan complex and sub-rhythmic layers and the trends of Mg/(Mg+Fe+Mn) atomic ratio of biotite and clinopyroxene in sub-rhytmic layering rejected the hypotheses, such as magma immiscibility, ravitational settling and multiple and pulse supplement of magma. The hypothesis of differentiation by crystallization lacks of evidences of field and excludes by this study. On the base of the trends of formation temperatures and pressures, the characteristics of petrology, petrochemistry, geochemistry for the Fanshan complex and the characteristics of geochemistry for the rocks (or apatites), the trends of Mg/(Mg+Fe+Mn) atomic ratio of biotite and clinopyroxene in sub-rhytmic layering, and the data of oxygen, hydrogen, strontium and neodymium isotopes, this study suggests that the magma formed the Fanshan complex was formed by low degree partial melting of mantle at a low activity of H2O, and went through the differentiation at the depth of mantle, then multiply intruded and crystallized. The rhythmic layers of the First-Phase Intrusive formed by the magma fractional crystallized in two vis-a-vis ways, from the bottom and top to the centre in-situ fractional crystallization. The apatite (-magnetite) deposit of the Fanshan complex occurs in sub-rhythmic layering sequence. The the origin of the sub-rhythmic layering is substantially the origin of the Fanshan apatite (-magnetite) deposit. The magma formed the rhythmic layers of First-Phase Intrusive was rich in H2O, F and P at the later stage of its in-situ fractional crystallization. The Fanshan apatite (-magnetite) deposit was formed by this residual magma in-situ fractional crystallization. The magnetite-apatite rock was crystallized by two vis-a-vis ways at the latest stage in-situ fractional crystallization in the rhythmic layers. The result was light apatite layer below heavy the magnetite-apatite layer, formed an "inversion" phenomenon.

安多地区早中侏罗世岩浆岩岩石地球化学和同位素年代学研究及其对构造演化的制约

Anduo area is located in the Central Tibet, the middle segment of the Bangonghu-Nujiang suture. Anduo Block is the northern part of Lhasa terrane. The relationships among the different geological bodies were determined during the 1: 250000 regional geological surveying. Petrography, petrologic geochemistry, isotopic geochemistry and geochronology of igneous rocks from the suture and granitoids from Anduo Block were analyzed systematically as a whole for the first time. Then, their tectonic setting and history are discussed.Anduo ophiolitic melange consists of metamorphic peridotites, cumulates, plagiogranites, sheeted dykes swarm, pillow lava and radiolarian cherts. The concentration of Cr and Ni in the metamorphic peridotites is very high, with Mg# about 0.94 ~ 0.97, higher 87Sr/86Sr and Pb isotopic ratios, and lower 143Nd/i44Nd ratio. LREE is enriched relative to HREE and positive Eu anomaly is very clear. The REE distribution curve is U shape. Nb and Ta anomalies from cumulate gabbro and sheeted dyke swarm are not clear, while that are slightly negative from pillow lava. Plagiogranite belongs to strong calc-alkaline series with high Si, middle Al, low Fe, Mg and low K contents. Eu anomaly (~ 1.23) from plagiogranites is slightly positive. The character of all components of ophiolite is similar to that of the MORB, while to some extent the ophiolite was influenced by crustal material. Anduo ophiolite formed in a mature back-arc basin. Additionally, intermediate acidity volcanic rocks within Anduo phiolite melange are island arc calc-alkline rocks related to ocean subduction.The early-middle Jurassic plutonic rocks are tonalite, granodiorite bearing-phenocryst, magaporphyritic hornblende monzogranite, magaporphyritic monzogranite, monzogranite bearing-phenocryst and syenogranite in turn. They belong to calc-alkaline series which developed from middle K to high K series temporally. REE distribution curves of all plutonic rocks are similar and parallel to each other. SREE and negative Eu anomaly values decrease. In the multi-element spider diagram, the curves of different plutons are similar to each other, but troughs of Nb, Sr, P and Ti from young plutons become more evident. This suggests that thereare some closely petrogenetic affinities among plutonic rocks which make up amagma plutonism cycle of the early-middle Jurassic. Magma source is mainly crustal,but abundant mafic microgranular enclaves within granitoids indicate that crastalmagma should be mixed with mantle-derived magma and the mantle-derived magmadecreased subsequently. Tonalite has features of I-type granite, magaporphyriticmonzogranite is transition type, and monzogranite bearing-phenocryst is S-typegranite. The characteristic of granitoids from Anduo Block suggest that the formingtectonic setting is active continental margin.Reliable zircon U-Pb SHRIMP ages are obtained in the study area firstly. Plagiogranite from the Anduo ophiolite of the Bangonghu-Nujiang suture is 175.1 Ma, and granitoids from Anduo Block is 172.6-185.4 Ma. Additionally, plagioclase from the plagiogranite dates a 40Ar/39Ar age of 144 Ma, while biotite and hornblend from granitoids of Anduo Block give a 163-165 Ma.Similar cooling ages of plagiogranite from the Anduo ophiolitic melange and granitoids from Anduo Block and the spatial distribution of the ophiolitic rocks between Anduo, Naqu, and Shainzha area suggest that bilateral subduction of the Bangonghu-Nujiang oceanic basin took place in the early-middle Jurassic. During this subduction, Anduo ophiolitic rocks were related to north subduction of the Bangonghu-Nujiang oceanic basin and Anduo back-arc basin spreading, while granitoids from Anduo Block were related to south subduction.

北京中小学生创造性思维的发展以及十三年前后之比较

This study investigated the major characteristics of creative thinking development for the school children in Beijing with paper/pencil tests. The “Creative Thinking Test” was executed. The representative samples were two groups of students who came from the classes in 3rd-grade to 12th-grade of normal schools in Beijing. The classes were selected at random, one grade one class. One group is composed of 387 students (218 males, 169 females) in 1993, the other is composed of 420 students (181 males, 239 females) in 2006. According to the data analysis, the major characteristics and the changes over the 13 years of the development of creative thinking for student were explored and discussed. 1) The development trends of three types of creative thinking were all flexuous increase with grade moving up. The mean score of elementary school students was the lowest. And scores of junior high school students and senior high school students were significant higher than elementary school students’. 2) The most rapid increase occurred from the 5th grade to 6th grade. 3) Slumps occurred in the 7th grade in PNE curve and also in the 9th and 12th grades in TPC curves. There was no slump in FGA curve. 4) The girl’s scores in PNE and TPC tests were significant better than boys’. No obvious gender difference was found in FGA test. 5) The scores of three creative thinking tests in 2006 were all better than those in 1993. Separately, the scores of FGA and TPC tests in 2006 were significant higher than the corresponding scores in 1993, and no significant difference was found in two PNE tests. 6) There was no significant difference in the maximum scores of the three creative thinking tests between 2006 and 1993. 7) The most rapid developing period of three types of creative thinking in 2006 were the 5th grade and the 6th grade. The same period in 1993 was from the 7th grade to 9th grade. 8) In 1993, there is no significant gender difference for each creative thinking test. In 2006, PNE and TPC results had remarkable gender difference that girls were higher than boys. No significant gender difference was found in FGA tests.

中学生自我状态现状及其与亲子沟通、心理健康的关系研究

The communication between parents and children is one of the focuses in adolescence research area. However，the ego states in communication were seldom referred to. In present research, the relationship among high school students’ ego states, parent-child communication status and mental health level was explored. Study1: Ego State Questionnaire (ESQ) was revised according to 400 high school students from both rural and urban areas. Study2: Revised Ego State Questionnaire was administered to 450 high school students. Data was analyzed by cluster analysis. Study3: The relationship among ego states, parent-child communication status and mental health level was researched systematically according to 450 high school students. The main results of the thesis were as follows: 1) The five factors of Johu Dusy’s ego states were confirmed. 2) The revised RESQ had good reliability and validity, and could be used in researching middle school students ego states and related area. 3) Gender differences: Girls’ NP score was higher than boys’. Boys’ Adult and AC score was higher than girls. 4)School difference: students’ A and FC from key high school scored higher than students form normal high school. 5) The students were divided into two groups according to parental education level. The split point was high school. Students whose parents’ education level was above high school scored higher in NP than the other group of students. 6) The students were clustered into 4 groups according to cluster analysis: adapted、rational、contradictory、self-centered。 7) adapted、self-centered students’SCL-90 score was lower than average level, contradictory students’ score was higher than average level, rational students’score was equal to average level. 8) Both NP and Adult ego states had significant negative correlation with SCL total score, CP ego states had significant postive correlation SCL total score. 9) NP, A ego states had significant postive correlation with family communication atmosphere, father-son, father-daughter, mother-son, mother-daughter communication status . CP had significant negative correlation with above variables. AC had significant negative correlation with family communication atmosphere . 10) The stepwise regression showed that Adult ，Control Parent ego states and communication between parents and children score had prevented from mental health significantly. Adult ego states impacted mental health through communication between parents and children.