Economic evaluation of marine fisheries in India for sustainable production and coastal zone development

The article highlights briefly the economics of different types of fishing units operating along the Indian coast; analyzes the exploitation trend of major marine fishery resources in relation to its potential yield; and suggests policy measures for optimum exploitation of resources, conservation and management.

Contribuições da pesquisa linguística sobre interrogativas para melhorias no cotidiano do afásico em seu ambiente familiar um roteiro

A afasiologia linguística, enquanto ramo da Linguística, contribui para a verificação dos pressupostos da Teoria Gerativa e para a classificação e descrição das particularidades linguísticas características dos diferentes tipos de afasias. Neste contexto, os problemas com a produção de estruturas complexas, como é o caso das interrogativas, têm sido tema de muitos estudos em diversas línguas. Entretanto, os benefícios que tais pesquisas podem oferecer no sentido de melhorar o cotidiano dos sujeitos de pesquisa raramente são abordados. Com o intuito de atuar sobre esta lacuna, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo geral fornecer um roteiro de pesquisa com sugestões de intervenção de base linguística no tratamento fonoaudiológico de um indivíduo afásico, proporcionando, desta forma, melhora do cotidiano do afásico em seu ambiente familiar. A hipótese que orienta este trabalho é a de que a aplicação de um roteiro de pesquisa linguística descentralizado e desverticalizado sobre o tratamento da afasia pode proporcionar melhorias no cotidiano familiar do paciente acometido pelo déficit. Para desenvolver o roteiro em questão, foram escolhidas as interrogativas-QU como tópico linguístico. O roteiro, todavia, foi desenvolvido para que qualquer outro tópico linguístico, identificado como problemático e passível de tratamento específico, seja aplicável ao esquema. Como objetivo subsidiário, pretende-se desenvolver um modelo de pesquisa que busque contribuir para a aplicação do princípio da indissociabilidade entre ensino, pesquisa e extensão. A metodologia consiste na utilização de um estudo de caso com testes avaliativos, treinamento de sentenças e entrevistas. O sujeito selecionado para o estudo é um afásico agramático. Há, ainda, a colaboração de membros de sua família e da equipe de fonoaudiologia do Centro de Recuperação do Paciente Afásico (CRPA) da Universidade Veiga de Almeida (UVA). Os resultados coletados nos testes e nas entrevistas apontam para melhora no processamento linguístico de interrogativas-QU, tanto no que se refere à organização dos sintagmas nas sentenças, quanto à seleção de itens lexicais adequados (elementos-QU). Resultados também apontam para melhoras no cotidiano do afásico no que se refere à redução da ansiedade perante erros, presença de mais opções comunicativas e aumento da capacidade de comunicação independente. Através dos resultados, constata-se a viabilidade de aplicação do roteiro proposto para futura aplicação por profissionais envolvidos com o tratamento e o estudo das afasias

Promotion of substrate based microbial biofilm in ponds: a low cost technology to boost fish production

Microbial biofilms have been found to increase fish production in ponds by increasing heterotrophic production through periphyton proliferation on available substrates. In this paper, the role of substrate based microbial biofilm in the production of Cyprinus carpio and Labeo rohita grown in ponds is investigated, using an easily available and biodegradable agricultural waste product (sugarcane bagasse) as substrate.

Escalation in shrimp production in the Sierra Leone industrial fishery

Applying Turkey's jackknife method on MSY estimates from the surplus production models of Schaefer and Fox showed that the optimum yield for shrimps in industrial fishery in Sierra Leone is estimated at 2,686.8 t with 15,822 fishing days. Annual catch for 1996 was 2,788 t, indicating an escalation in exploitation which, if prolonged, could bring reduced productivity as experienced in the fishery some years ago.

Fisheries production in Asia: its role in food security and nutrition

This paper reviews the status and some management issues of fisheries production in Asia, as well as the supply and demand situation. Its food security and nutritional roles and opportunities for value addition are also discussed.

Simple method for backyard production of snakehead (Channa striata Bloch) fry

The snakehead (Channa striata ) is a common freshwater fish species in Malaysia. Details are given of a simple technique for breeding this species, suitable for small-scale farmers practising backyard aquaculture. Two techniques were used to induce spawning - the first used water level manipulation to simulate rain and the second used injected with human chorionic gonadotropic hormone. The former, more natural, spawning technique was found to provide a viable alternative for the small-scale farmer, being much simpler than hormone injection.

Effects of El Niño events on energy demand and egg production of rockfish (Scorpaenidae: Sebastes): a bioenergetics approach

Fish bioenergetics models estimate relationships between energy budgets and environmental and physiological variables. This study presents a generic rockfish (Sebastes) bioenergetics model and estimates energy consumption by northern California blue rockf ish (S. mystinus) under average (baseline) and El Niño conditions. Compared to males, female S. mystinus required more energy because they were larger and had greater reproductive costs. When El Niño conditions (warmer temperatures; lower growth, condition, and fecundity) were experienced every 3−7 years, energy consumption decreased on an individual and a per-recruit basis in relation to baseline conditions, but the decrease was minor (<4% at the individual scale, <7% at the per-recruit scale) compared to decreases in female egg production (12−19% at the individual scale, 15−23% at the per-recruit scale). When mortality in per-recruit models was increased by adding fishing, energy consumption in El Niño models grew more similar to that seen in the baseline model. However, egg production decreased significantly — an effect exacerbated by the frequency of El Niño events. Sensitivity analyses showed that energy consumption estimates were most sensitive to respiration parameters, energy density, and female fecundity, and that estimated consumption increased as parameter uncertainty increased. This model provides a means of understanding rockfish trophic ecology in the context of community structure and environmental change by synthesizing metabolic, demographic, and environmental information. Future research should focus on acquiring such information so that models like the bioenergetics model can be used to estimate the effect of climate change, community shifts, and different harvesting strategies on rockfish energy demands.

Application of Marine Protected Areas for Sustainable Production and Marine Biodiversity off Alaska

Fisheries managers have established many marine protected areas (MPA’s) in the Federal and state waters off Alaska to protect ecological structure and function, establish control sites for scientific research studies, conserve benthic habitat, protect vulnerable stocks, and protect cultural resources. Many MPA’s achieve multiple objectives. Over 40 named MPA’s, many of which include several sites, encompass virtually all Federal waters off Alaska and most of the state waters where commercial fisheries occur. All of the MPA’s include measures to prohibit a particular fishery or gear type (particularly bottom trawls) on a seasonal or year-round basis, and several MPA’s prohibit virtually all commercial fishing. Although the effectiveness of MPA’s is difficult to evaluate on an individual basis, as a group they are an important component of the management program for sustainable fisheries and conserving marine biodiversity off Alaska.