Then and Now: Leadership

The purpose of the “Then and Now” program is to engage these people more actively in the annual meetings and provide a forum for them to engage with those who are following in their footsteps. This purpose allows the missions of the Community of Academy Senior Scholars (CASS) and the Management History (MH) Division to intersect. CASS has as one of its goals to keep these pioneers of management history engaged in their profession and their professional organization (AOM). MH has as one of its goals to accurately record the intellectual contributions of the pioneers of the management field.

Drivers and Barriers of Collaboration in the Value Chain of Paperboard-Packed Consumer Goods

Value chain collaboration has been a prevailing topic for research, and there is a constantly growing interest in developing collaborative models for improved efficiency in logistics. One area of collaboration is demand information management, which enables improved visibility and decrease of inventories in the value chain. Outsourcing of non-core competencies has changed the nature of collaboration from intra-enterprise to cross-enterprise activity, and this together with increasing competition in the globalizing markets have created a need for methods and tools for collaborative work. The retailer part in the value chain of consumer packaged goods (CPG) has been studied relatively widely, proven models have been defined, and there exist several best practice collaboration cases. The information and communications technology has developed rapidly, offering efficient solutions and applications to exchange information between value chain partners. However, the majority of CPG industry still works with traditional business models and practices. This concerns especially companies operating in the upstream of the CPG value chain. Demand information for consumer packaged goods originates at retailers' counters, based on consumers' buying decisions. As this information does not get transferred along the value chain towards the upstream parties, each player needs to optimize their part, causing safety margins for inventories and speculation in purchasing decisions. The safety margins increase with each player, resulting in a phenomenon known as the bullwhip effect. The further the company is from the original demand information source, the more distorted the information is. This thesis concentrates on the upstream parts of the value chain of consumer packaged goods, and more precisely the packaging value chain. Packaging is becoming a part of the product with informative and interactive features, and therefore is not just a cost item needed to protect the product. The upstream part of the CPG value chain is distinctive, as the product changes after each involved party, and therefore the original demand information from the retailers cannot be utilized as such – even if it were transferred seamlessly. The objective of this thesis is to examine the main drivers for collaboration, and barriers causing the moderate adaptation level of collaborative models. Another objective is to define a collaborative demand information management model and test it in a pilot business situation in order to see if the barriers can be eliminated. The empirical part of this thesis contains three parts, all related to the research objective, but involving different target groups, viewpoints and research approaches. The study shows evidence that the main barriers for collaboration are very similar to the barriers in the lower part of the same value chain; lack of trust, lack of business case and lack of senior management commitment. Eliminating one of them – the lack of business case – is not enough to eliminate the two other barriers, as the operational model in this thesis shows. The uncertainty of the future, fear of losing an independent position in purchasing decision making and lack of commitment remain strong enough barriers to prevent the implementation of the proposed collaborative business model. The study proposes a new way of defining the value chain processes: it divides the contracting and planning process into two processes, one managing the commercial parts and the other managing the quantity and specification related issues. This model can reduce the resistance to collaboration, as the commercial part of the contracting process would remain the same as in the traditional model. The quantity/specification-related issues would be managed by the parties with the best capabilities and resources, as well as access to the original demand information. The parties in between would be involved in the planning process as well, as their impact for the next party upstream is significant. The study also highlights the future challenges for companies operating in the CPG value chain. The markets are becoming global, with toughening competition. Also, the technology development will most likely continue with a speed exceeding the adaptation capabilities of the industry. Value chains are also becoming increasingly dynamic, which means shorter and more agile business relationships, and at the same time the predictability of consumer demand is getting more difficult due to shorter product life cycles and trends. These changes will certainly have an effect on companies' operational models, but it is very difficult to estimate when and how the proven methods will gain wide enough adaptation to become standards.

Recueil de pièces relatives principalement à la Bourgogne, au Portugal et à l'Allemagne de 1343 à 1575.

Contient : 1 Lettre d'ANDRE DANDOLO, doge de Venise, à Louis, comte de Flandres, concernant un nommé Ange Guide, qui avait en gage certains joyaux appartenant audit comte. Palais des doges, 14 janvier 1343. En latin. Orig. sur parchemin ; 2 Lettre d'YOLANDE DE FLANDRE, comtesse de Bar et dame de Cassel, à Louis de Male, comte de Flandre, touchant les différends survenus entre lui et Robert, duc de Bar, fils d'Yolande. Signée : « La contesse de Bar et dame de Cassel,... Escript à Clermont, le XIIe jour de janvier » 1356 au plus tôt. Orig ; 3 Lettre de CHARLES V à Louis de Male, comte de Flandre, pour le prier de se trouver au traité de paix projeté avec l'Angleterre. Signée : « Charles ». Senlis, 25 octobre 1375. Orig. sur parchemin ; 4 Réponse de LOUIS DE MALE, comte DE FLANDRE, à la lettre de Charles V. Signée : « Loys, contes de Flandres ». Gand, 3 novembre 1375. Autographe ; 5 Lettre de CHARLES V à Marguerite de France, comtesse de Flandre et d'Artois, portant créance pour le duc de Bourgogne, qu'il envoyait vers elle pour quelques affaires secrètes. « Escrit de notre main le jour Saint Martin. Charles ». 1376. Autographe ; 6 Lettre de JEAN, duc DE BRETAGNE, au comte de Flandre, Louis de Male, lui demandant secours contre Charles de Blois. Signée : « Jehan, duc de Bretaigne, conte de Montfort et viconte de Limoges,... Escript à Kemperelé, le IIIIe jour de juign » 1364. Orig ; 7 Lettre de WENCESLAS, duc DE LUXEMBOURG et de Brabant, audit comte de Flandre, touchant un différend survenu entre eux au sujet de « ceaus de Cons ». Signée : « Li dux de Lucemburch et de Brabant,... Escrit à Lucemburch, XIIII jours, en avril ». Environ 1360. Orig ; 8 Lettre de FREDERIC DE SAARWERDEN, archevêque de Cologne, audit comte de Flandre, qui lui avait envoyé le seigneur de La Gruythuyse, chevalier, et le prévôt de l'église de Notre-Dame de Bruges. Il le félicite de ce qu'ils lui ont appris qu'il avait reconnu Urbain VI pour pape. Signée : « Fridericus, archiepiscopus Coloniensis... ». Francfort-sur-le-Mein, 17 septembre 1378. Orig. En latin ; 9 Lettre de CUNO DE FALKENSTEIN, archevêque de Trèves, au même comte de Flandre, sur le même sujet. Signée : « Cuno, archiepiscopus Treverensis ». Francfort-sur-le-Mein, 24 septembre 1378. Orig. En latin ; 10 Lettre de RUPERT Ier, comte palatin du Rhin, au même, sur le même sujet. Signée : « Rupertus senior, Dei gratia comes palatinus Reni, sacri imperii elector et Bavarie dux ». Francfort-sur-le-Mein, 17 septembre 1378. Orig. En latin ; 11 Lettre de JEAN Ier, roi D'ARAGON, à Philippe le Hardi, duc de Bourgogne, pour lui demander de vouloir bien favorablement traiter ses sujets trafiquant en Flandre. Signée : « Rex Aragonum ». « Dat. in Montesono, sub nostro sigillo secreto, XVa die aprilis, anno a Nativitate Domini MCCCLXXXIX ». Orig. En latin ; 12 Lettre de YOLANDE, reine d'Aragon, au même, sur le même sujet. Signée : « La reyna d'Arago ». Monzon, 13 avril 1389. Orig. En aragonais ; 13 « Offres faictes aux Anglois par les ambaxadeurs du roy au traictié fait à Arras ». Arras, 8 septembre 1435 ; 14 Déposition de RAOUL LE BOUVIER, chanoine d'Angers, de ce qu'il savait du traité d'Arras touchant les villes engagées au duc de Bourgogne. Signée : « Bouvier ». 6 novembre 1451. Orig ; 15 Lettre de PHILIPPE LE HARDI, duc DE BOURGOGNE, à son beau-père, Louis, comte de Flandres. Signée : « Vostre filz le duc de Bourgoingne ». Compiègne, 7 juillet. Orig ; 16 Autre lettre du même au même. Signée de même. Même date. Orig ; 17 Lettre de PHILIPPE LE BON, duc DE BOURGOGNE, aux baillis, prévôts et échevins de Courtrai. Signée : « Phelippe ». Lille, 22 août. Orig ; 18 Autre lettre du même aux mêmes. Signée : « Phelippe ». Mons, 14 novembre 1451 ? Orig ; 19 Lettre d'ISABELLE DE PORTUGAL, femme de Philippe le Bon, aux échevins, etc. de Courtrai. Signée : « Isabel ». Bruxelles, 26 décembre. Orig ; 20 Lettre de JEAN DE BOURGOGNE, comte DE NEVERS, aux mêmes. Arras, 31 mars. Orig ; 21 Lettre d'ISABELLE DE BOURBON, femme de Charles le Téméraire, aux mêmes. Signée : « Isabel ». Bruges, 4 janvier. Orig ; 22 Lettre de PHILIPPE LE BON, duc DE BOURGOGNE, aux mêmes, signée : « Phelippe ». Bruxelles, 7 décembre 1451. Orig ; 23 Autre lettre du même aux mêmes, signée : « Phelippe ». Bruxelles, 10 décembre 1451. Orig ; 24 Lettre d'EDOUARD IV, roi D'ANGLETERRE, au duc de Bourgogne selon Baluze, au roi Louis XI, selon une note ancienne placée au dos de la pièce, pour le porter à la paix avec le duc d'Autriche, 19 mars 1475 ou 1480. Copie ; 25 Lettre de PHILIPPE LE BON, duc DE BOURGOGNE, à Charles VII, signée : « Phelippe ». Lille, 29 décembre 1453. Orig ; 26 Voeu de Philippe le Bon, duc de Bourgogne, dit le Voeu du paon, précédé du récit du banquet où ce voeu fut prononcé. Lille, 17 et 22 février 1454 n. st. Copie ; 27 Lettre de « NICOLAS ROLIN », chancelier de BourGOGNE, à Charles VII. Bruges, 16 avril 1455. Orig ; 28 Lettre de PHILIPPE LE BON, duc DE BOURGOGNE, au même, signée : « Phelippe ». Leyde, 25 juillet 1456. Orig ; 29 Nouvelles de l'année 1457, relatives aux affaires de Bourgogne et d'Angleterre ; 30 Lettre d'appel adressée à Charles VII, relative à l'enlèvement d'une fille que le duc de Bourgogne voulait marier à un de ses archers, signée : « JEHAN BARBIN et SYMON ». Paris, 4 avril 1456 n. st. Orig ; 31 Lettre de PHILIPPE LE BON, duc DE BOURGOGNE, aux gens du conseil du roi, signée : « Phelippe », contresignée : « Gros ». Bruxelles, 23 octobre 1456. Orig ; 32 Lettre du même à Charles VII, signée : « Phelippe ». Mons, 8 janvier 1459 n. st. Orig ; 33 Lettre de CHARLES LE TEMERAIRE, alors comte DE CHAROLAIS, à Jean Il le Bon, duc de Bourbon et d'Auvergne, signée : « Charles », contresignée : « Gros ». Le Quesnoy, 13 juillet 1458. Orig ; 34 Réponse du conseil du duc de Bourgogne aux trois états de Bourgogne sur le fait de la gabelle. Lille, 1460 ; 35 Autre réponse. Dijon, 1460 ; 36 Lettre de CHARLES LE TEMERAIRE, alors comte DE CHAROLAIS, aux gens du conseil du roi, signée : « Charles », contresignée : « Gros ». Dinant, 19 août 1466. Orig ; 37 Promesse de PHILIPPE DE COMINES aux habitants de Courtrai, signée : « Phelippe de Comines ». 9 janvier 1468 n. st. Autogaphe ; 38 Lettre du « connestable de Flandres » au chancelier de Flandres. Lille, 1er août 1467. Orig ; 39 Lettre d'EDOUARD IV, roi D'ANGLETERRE, au duc de Bourgogne, signée : « Vostre bon cousin Edouard ». Londres, 20 avril. Orig ; 40 Lettre du duc DE BOURGOGNE, CHARLES LE TEMERAIRE, à Edouard IV, roi d'Angleterre, non signée. « Escript à Arras, le XIe jour d'avril ». Orig ; 41 Lettre de Charles le Téméraire, comte de Charolais, aux prévôt, échevins, etc., de Courtrai, signée : « Charles ». Lille, 15 juin 1464. Orig ; 42 Lettre du même aux mêmes, signée : « Charles ». Lille, 16 juin 1464. Orig ; 43 Double de la lettre précédente, adressée au premier échevin et au secrétaire de la ville de Courtrai. Même signature, même date. Orig ; 44 Lettre du même devenu duc de Bourgogne, au roi de France, signée : « Charles », contresignée : « Gros ». Gand, 16 octobre. Orig ; 45 Lettre du même aux prévôt, échevins, etc., de Courtrai, signée : « Charles ». Bruxelles, 3 février 1468 n. st. Orig ; 46 Lettre du même à Louis XI, signée : « Charles ». Bruxelles, 26 juillet 1467. Orig ; 47 Lettre du même aux prévôt, échevins, etc., de Courtrai, signée : « Charles ». Gand, 20 janvier 1470 n. st. Orig ; 48 Lettre du même aux mêmes, signée : « Charles ». La Haye, 27 septembre 1469. Orig ; 49 Lettre du même au doge de Venise. 19 juillet 1470. Copie. En latin ; 50 Lettre des président et autres conseillers du parlement de Paris à Louis XI. Paris, 25 octobre 1470. Orig ; 51 Les mêmes au même. Paris, 14 décembre 1470. Orig ; 52 Lettre de G. HUGONET, chancelier de Bourgogne, au chancelier de France, signée : « Le tout vostre, G. Hugonet, chancellier de monseigneur de Bourgogne ». Arras, 12 juillet 1476. Orig ; 53 Lettre de CHARLES LE TEMERAIRE, duc DE BOURGOGNE, à Julien de La Rovère, cardinal de Saint-Pierre ès Liens, signée : « Charles ». Luxembourg, 25 avril 1474. Orig. En latin ; 54 Lettre de G. HUGONET, chancelier de Bourgogne, aux prévôt, échevins, etc., de Courtrai, signée : « G. Hugonet ». Bruges, 31 mars 1475. Orig ; 55 Instructions données par FERDINAND LE CATHOLIQUE, roi de CASTILLE et de LEON, premier né d'ARAGON, à ses envoyés à la cour de Marie de Bourgogne. « Medina del Campo », 3 août 1477. Orig. En espagnol. Sceau plaqué ; 56 Lettre de CHARLES-QUINT, non encore empereur, aux prévôt, échevins, etc., de Courtrai, signée : « Charles ». Saragosse, 10 mai 1518. Orig ; 57 Lettre de l'empereur MAXIMILIEN Ier à sa fille Marguerite d'Autriche, signée : « Maxi. ». 22 décembre 1512. Orig ; 58 Lettre de THOMAS DE WOLSEY, cardinal d'York, à la même, signée : « T., cardinalis Ebor. ». Londres, 1er janvier 1521 n. st. Orig. En latin ; 59 Lettre de MARGUERITE D'AUTRICHE au président et aux gens de la cour des comptes de Lille, signée : « Marguerite ». Malines, 29 janvier 1523 n. st. Orig ; 60 Lettre de la même aux mêmes, signée : « Marguerite ». Anvers, 9 juin 1524. Orig. Cachet armorié ; 61 Lettres patentes de FERDINAND, roi DE PORTUGAL, s'engageant vis-à-vis des ambassadeurs de Louis, duc d'Anjou et de Touraine, venus vers lui pour conclure alliance au nom de leur maître, contre le roi d'Aragon, à ne pas traiter de paix avec ledit roi d'Aragon pendant l'espace de 15 jours, nécessaire à la perfection du traité d'alliance. Tentugal, 25 mars 1377. En latin. Orig. sur parchemin ; 62 Mémoire pour la défense de Pierre Barret, sujet du roi de Portugal. Envoyé en 1457 par le roi de Chypre vers le roi d'Aragon, il avait été fait prisonnier à son passage en France, en revenant de Rome, par Jean Leforestier, capitaine d'Aigues-Mortes. 21 janvier 1459 ; 63 « Responces pour la partie de Jehan Leforestier, contrerolleur pour le roy de la recepte generalle de Languedoc et lieutenant d'Aigues Mortes, deffendeur, à la demande baillée par escript par messire Pierre Barret, tant pour lui que autres Portugaloys prisonniers. demandeur ». 1459 ; 64 Lettre d'ALPHONSE, roi DE PORTUGAL, à Louis XI, signée : « El Rey ». Sceau plaqué. Elvas, 23 avril 1464. Orig. En latin ; 65 Lettre du même au même. « Vila de Arguedas », 11 mars 1464. Orig. En portugais ; 66 Mémoire donné par JACQUES DE GUARDIA, envoyé de don Pedro de Portugal, soi-disant roi d'Aragon, au comte de Candale, vice-roi de Roussillon et de Cerdagne. 1465. En aragonais ; 67 Lettre d'ALPHONSE, roi DE PORTUGAL, à Louis XI, signée : « El Rey ». Estremoz, 8 janvier 1475. En latin. Orig. sur parchemin ; 68 Copie de la lettre précédente ; 69 Traduction en français de la lettre précédente ; 70 Autre lettre d'Alphonse, roi de Portugal, à Louis XI, signée : « El Rey ». Estremoz, 30 janvier 1475. En latin. Orig ; 71 Lettre de LOUIS XI à Alphonse, roi de Portugal. Paris, avril 1475. En latin. Copie ; 72 « Minute au net des premières instructions données » par Louis XI à Olivier le Roux, envoyé en ambassade auprès du roi de Portugal, en 1475 ; 73 Lettre de JEAN, duc DE LUXEMBOURG, au duc de Bourbon, signée : « Johan, duc de Luccembourgh et de Gorlitz et marquis de Lusitz ». Luxembourg, 10 mars 1400 ? Orig ; 74 Lettre de PHILIPPE-MARIE, duc DE MILAN, au chancelier de France, Guillaume Juvénal Des Ursins, signée : « Filippus Maria Anglus... ». Cusago, 18 janvier 1447. En latin. Orig ; 75 Lettre de JEAN CARVAJAL, cardinal de Saint-Ange à Charles VII, signée : « Jo., cardinalis S. Angeli, apostolice sedis legatus ». Vienne, 2 décembre 1447. Autographe. En latin ; 76 Lettre de l'empereur FREDERIC III à Charles VII. 11 juin 1448. Orig. Parchemin. En latin ; 77 Autre lettre du même au même. 9 janvier 1454. Orig. En latin ; 78 Lettre de JEAN HUNYADE à Denis Szechy, cardinal archevêque de Strigonie. 23 juillet 1456. Copie ; 79 Lettre de GEORGES PODIEBRAD, roi DE BOHEME, à Louis XI. Prague, 4 janvier 1467. Orig. En latin. Parchemin ; 80 Lettre du même à Matthias Corvin, roi de Hongrie. 28 juillet 1468 ? En latin. Copie ; 81 Lettre de ROBERT DE BAVIERE, archevêque de Cologne, à Louis XI, signée : « Ropertus, Dei gratia archiepiscopus Coloniensis, princeps elector Westfalie... » Bonn, 26 août 1471. En latin. Orig ; 82 Lettre de SIGISMOND, archiduc D'AUTRICHE, à Pierre d'Oriole, chancelier de France. Innsprück, 24 janvier 1478. En latin. Orig ; 83 Lettre, en latin, du sénat et du magistrat de Nuremberg à François Ier. 9 mai 1519. Orig. Vélin. Cachet ; 84 Supplique, en latin, des princes protestants à l'empereur, en faveur de leurs coreligionnaires de Bavière, Savoie, Luccau, persécutés. Acte en latin, souscrit : « Wolffangus, comes palatinus Rheni ; Udalricus, dux Megapolensis ; Christophorus, dux Wirtembergicus ». 1566. Copie ; 85 Lettre de FREDERIC III, comte palatin du Rhin, à Emmanuel-Philibert, duc de Savoie, en faveur des protestants persécutés. Augsbourg, 23 mai 1566. Copie. En latin ; 86 Manifeste de la noblesse de Pologne au sujet de l'élection d'Étienne Bathori, roi de Pologne. Varsovie, 15 décembre 1575. Copie. En latin

Bill and Terry

Bill Bremner, Senior Chairman and Terry O'Malley, President and Creative Director

The connection between career education and career maturity /

The value of career education is measured by the extent to which it enhances students' decision making skills regarding career planning. This is referred to as "career maturity". The purpose of this study was to examine what connections could be found between career education and career maturity within one career planning course. A senior level career planning class was studied in depth for one semester and five senior students participated in the study. The five students were interviewed three times during the semester to determine whether, and to what extent, students feel more prepared personally to make decisions as a result of a guided course of instruction. The current trend in education shows an increased emphasis on career education. The government mandates career education, students are in need of career planning courses, and parents want students to learn how to effectively make decisions concerning their future. With this increased emphasis comes the need to evaluate current career education programs which is why this study is significant and useful. The central findings were as follows: first, as a result of taking a career planning course students did increase their career maturity. Second, current career education planning curriculum was similar to the proposed course of study for career planning which comes into effect in September 1999. Current curriculum does help to prepare students to make informed educational and career decisions, a chief aim of the proposed curriculum. Knowing that this outcome is currently achieved will help when the course is being organized to fit the new curriculum.

The nature of bullying among secondary school students /

The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence and effect of bullying in a secondary school. Six hundred and fifty-nine student volunteers completed a survey which included a quantitative component of 40 questions and 3 questions which required a written response. The results suggest that approximately 1 student in 10 was involved in a bullying situation either as a bully or a victim. As age increased, physical bullying decreased whereas psychological remained high in the senior years of high school. Boys were involved more in bullying than girls, especially in the junior years. The effects of bullying could be devastating to the point of school avoidance or early school leaving. The results also indicate that much of the bullying was not being reported. The implication for the education system is that more needs to be done to prevent bullying, to encourage the reporting of bullying, and to deal with the aftermath of a bullying situation.

Adolescent girls and mathematics: classroom performance, attitudes toward mathematics and perceptions of parental attitudes /

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which gender differences exist in student attitudes toward mathematics and in their performance in mathematics at the Grade Seven and Eight level. The study also questioned how parents influence the attitudes of this grade level of male and female students toward mathematics. Historically, the literature has demonstrated gender differences in the attitudes of students toward mathematics, and in parental support for classroom performance in mathematics. This study was an attempt to examine these differences at one senior public school in the Peel Board of Education. One hundred three Grade Seven and Eight students at a middle school in the Peel Board of Education volunteered to take part in a survey that examined their attitudes toward mathematics, their perceptions of their parents' attitudes toward mathematics and support for good performance in the mathematics classroom, parental expectations for education and future career choices. Gender differences related to performance levels in the mathematics classroom were examined using Pearson contingency analyses. Items from the survey that showed significant differences involved confidence in mathematics and confidence in writing mathematics tests, as well as a belief in the ability to work on mathematics problems. Male students in both the high and low performance groups demonstrated higher levels of confidence than the females in those groups. Female students, however, indicated interest in careers that would require training and knowledge of higher mathematics. Some of the reasons given to explain the gender differences in confidence levels included socialization pressures on females, peer acceptance, and attribution of success. Perceived parental support showed no significant differences across gender groups or performance levels. Possible explanations dealt with the family structure of the participants in the study. Studies that, in the past, have demonstrated gender differences in confidence levels were supported by this study, and discussed in detail. Studies that reported on differences in parental support for student performance, based on the gender of the parent, were not confirmed by this study, and reasons for this were also discussed. The implications for the classroom include: 1) build on the female students' strengths that will allow them to enjoy their experiences in mathematics; 2) stop using the boys as a comparison group; and 3) make students more aware of the need to continue studying mathematics to ensure a wider choice of future careers.

Guerrillas in the mi(d)st: a study of discreet dissension amoung administrators in academe /

This qualitative study examines the phenomenon of discreet dissension in the administration of academe through literature review and the focused reflections of retired, senior administrators of postsecondary institutions in Ontario. Discretionary decision making is a large component of senior administrative positions. At times, senior administrators use their discretion to engage in institutionally endorsed behaviour to fulfill institutionally sanctioned objectives. At other times, senior administrators use their discretion to engage in dissenting courses of action, contrary to the prescribed and codified policies, procedures, and norms of the institution in order to achieve institutionally endorsed objectives and/or to achieve objectives congruent with individual values. Discreet dissension emerges as an administrative activity for further investigation, enhancing the understanding of the art of administration.

Aging policy: a case study of co-ordination in Canadian governments

ABSTRACT Canada is an aging society. The number of people aged sixty-five and over is rising, while the number of people under twenty is declining. These two concurrent changes in the age structure have produced a sh~ft in the demographic composition of Canada which is commonly referred to as the aging phenomenon. Regardless of whether or not the number of people under twenty continues to decline, the number of elderly in Canada will almost double over the next twenty years. This rapidly growing elderly clientele will doubtless have an impact on Canadian governments. Federal, provincial and municipal governments are presently providing a variety of programs that have a special bearing on the aged and most senior citizens are beneficiaries of one or more of these programs. The ramifications of a rapidly growing elderly clientele are obvious. In order to cope with the impact of a significant increase in the number of elderly persons, the development and implementation of aging policy must be co-ordinated at each level of government and between and among levels of government. If aging policy is not co-ordinated, the results are likely to be: inappropriate policy decisions; duplication and overlap; and, ineffective and irresponsive services. No one benefits from these results. The need for co-ordination is apparent. The purpose of this thesis is to examine existing governmental efforts to co-ordinate policy in the field of aging. These efforts are examined by focusing on interactions directed at co-ordination between and among major actors in aging policy. A framework is used to structure the description and analysis of these interactions. The variables of formalisation and intensity and the concept of power are instrumental in analysing interactions for co-ordination. The underlying intent of this thesis is to discover some of the main gaps in existing governmental efforts to co~ordinate aging policy. Gaps are, in fact, discovered. Several explanations for the existence of gaps in interactions for co-ordination are discussed. A major hypothesis involving a relationship between a bureaucratic form of organisation and interactions for coordination is suggested. Finally, three recommendations for improving co-ordination in aging policy are offered.

Project Business: a quasi-experimental study of co- operative interaction between schools and industry

This project is a quasi-experimental study involving eight classrooms in two senior elementary schools in St. Catharines, Ontario which received a Project Business Program and were pre- and post-tested to determine the growth of knowledge acquisition in the area of business concepts. Four classrooms received a Project Business treatment while four classrooms acted as a control. The Project Business Program is sponsored by Junior Achievement of Canada; it occurred during a twelveweek period, February to May 1981, and is run by business consultants who, through Action, Dialogue and Career Exploration, teach children about economics and business related topics. The consultants were matched with teacher co-ordinators in whose classrooms they taught and with whom they discussed field trips, students, lesson planning, etc. The statistical analysis of pre- and post-test means revealed a significant statistical growth in the area of knowledge acquisition on the part of those students who received the Project Business Program. This confirms that Project Business makes a difference. A search of the literature appears to advocate economic programs like Project Business, whfch are broadly based, relevant and processoriented. This program recommends itself as a model for other areas of co-operative curricular interactions and as a bridge to future trends and as a result several fruitful areas of research are suggested.

The origins of exercise adherence in the Canadian seniors population

This research identified and examined the responses of 19 physically active seniors to determine why they were physically active. The participants were physically active seniors, from the Niagara region who participated in physical activity 2, or more times per week. The purpose to this research was to determine what specific experiences or characteristics those seniors' possessed which motivated them to follow an exercise regime in later life. Three focus group interviews were conducted and participants responded to a set of predetermined questions. Responses to the interview questions were transcribed and analysed by comparing words and participant responses. This method of analysis is known as ethnographic summary. Themes, concepts, and experiences that emerged from the focus group interviews were also recorded according to systematic coding by way of content analysis. From this study, factors that predispose, enable, reinforce and prevent seniors from participating in exercise have been identified. Nine recommendations for improving seniors quality of life have also emerged from the study. Additionally, the findings from the study illustrate that those responsible for planning programs for seniors need to consider senior's wants and needs. Finally, the study also has educational implications. All participants in the study experienced a positive introduction to daily phyiscal activity through their school setting. Participants of the study believed, that their positive experiences at school, directly influenced their lifelong involvement in exercise.

Effects of a preschool parent enrichment programme on children and their parents /

This study evaluated a preschool parent enrichment programme to assess if child and parent involvement in the programme facilitated the children's subsequent school adjustment. Also examined were the programme's effects on parent-child relationships. Participants were 56 Junior-Senior Kindergarten and Grade One students from one elementary school. Parent participants were 12 parents from the preschool parent enrichment programme, 6 parents whose children had attended other preschool programmes, and 6 parents whose children had remained at home prior to school. Five elementary teachers and both nursery school teachers from the parent enrichment programme also participated. Measures used included the Florida Key to assess children's inferred self-concept as learner and four subscales (relating, asserting, coping and investing), and interviews to assess parent and teacher perceptions. Findings indicated that there was little difference between parent and teacher perceptions about children who had attended a preschool programme. Both groups showed improved social, emotional, and behavioural skill development, together with increased self-esteem, and the ability to cope with separation from their parents. This enabled children to make the transition from preschool to primary school more successful. Children from the parent enrichment programme were not readily identifiable in terms of the profile promulgated for disadvantaged children. The Florida Key showed a main effect for the coping subscale, indicating that children from the parent enrichment programme may show more confidence in their abilities, and seek assistance from teachers than children who had no preschool experience. The parent enrichment programme appeared to have the biggest impact on the parents. Parents reported improved relationships with their children, increased confidence and self-esteem, as well as improved parenting and general life skills. The implications for short-term gains for children from this type of programme are better readiness for school, more positive self-esteem, improved social behaviour, and a higher achievement motivation. The long-term gains for children are predicted to be fewer special education placements, less grade retention, and a lower dropout rate from school. The short-term gains for parents are better social support networks," greater self-confidence, better interactions with children, and improved parenting skills. The long-term benefits may be an increased motivation to continue education, gain employment, and less family breakdown and abuse.

Everything that rises must converge: a neo-Marxist analysis of Canadian business-government relations

The following thesis presents an analysis of business-government relations within a neo-Marxist framework. Specifically, the discussion encompasses how the business interest group. the Business Council on National Issues, maintains consensus and unity amongst its monopoly capital members. Furthermore. the study elaborates on the process through which the group's interests are acknowledged and legitimized by the state under the "public interest" f8fue. Most of the literature pertaining to business-government relations within the context of interactions between business interest groups and the state, and such specific branches of the state as the government and/or the civil service. emphasize a liberal-pluralist perspective. Essentially, these writings serve to reflect and legitimate the current slatus quo. Marxist discourses on the subject, while attempting to transcend the liberal-pluralist framework. nevertheless suffer from either economic determinism .. ie., stressing the state's accumulation function but not its legitimation function or historical specificity. A cogent and comprehensive neo-Marxist analysis of business-government relations must discuss both the accumulation and legitimation functions of the state. The process by which the concerns of a particular business interest group become part of the state's policy agenda and subsequently are formulated and implemented into policies which legitimate its dominance is also studied. This inquiry is significant given the liberal-pluralist assumptions of a neutral state and that all interest groups compete "on a level playing field". The author's neo-Marxist paradigm rejects both of these assumptions. Building on concepts from nea-Marxist instrumentalism. structuralism. state monopoly capitalism, and forms and functions of the state perspectives. the author proposes that policies which legitimize the interests of the monopoly capital fraction cannot. be discerned only from the state's activities. per StJ. Clearly, if the liberal-pluralist 3 contention of multiple and conflicting interest groups, including those within the capitalist class, is taken at face value, M interest group such as the Business Council on National Issues (BCND, must somehow maintain. internal consensus Md unity amongst its members. Internal consensus amongst its members ensures that the state can better acknowledge and articulate its concerns into policies that maintain hegemonic dominance of the monopoly capital fraction under the "public interest" fllf.JJdq. The author contends that the BCNI focuses most of its interactions on the upper echelons of the civil service since it is this branch of the state which is most responsible for policy formulation and implementation. The author's paradigm is applied within the context of extensively analyzing newspaper coverage. BCN! publications, and other published sources, as well as a personal interview with an executive administrative member of the BeNI. The discussion focuses on how agreement and unity amongst the various interests of the monopoly capital fraction are maintained through the business organization, its policy scope, and finally its interactions with the state. The analysis suggests that while the civil service is an important player in expressing the interests of the BCNI's membership through policies which ostensibly also reflect the "public interest", it is not the only strategic target for the BCNI's interactions with the state. The author's research also highlights the importance of government officials at the Cabinet level and Cabinet Committees. Senior elected officials from the Federal government are also significant in avoiding intergovernmental or interprovincial conflict in implementing policies that legitimize hegemonic dominance of the monopoly capital fraction over other fractions and classes.

Moving from values inaction to values-in-action : an exploration of how values can be managed intentionally by national sports organizations

The study examined the intentional use of National Sport Organizations' (NSOs) stated values. Positive Organizational Scholarship (POS) was applied to an Appreciative Inquiry (AI) approach of interviewing NSO senior leaders. One intention of this research was to foster a connection between academia and practitioners, and in so doing highlight the gap between values inaction and values-in-action. Data were collected from nine NSOs through multiple-case studies analysis of interview transcripts, websites, and constitutional statements. Results indicated that while the NSOs operated from a Management by Objectives (MBO) approach they were interested in exploring how Management by Values (MBV) might improve their organization's performance. Eleven themes from the case studies analysis contributed to the development of a framework. The 4-1 framework described how an NSO can progress through different stages by becoming more intentional in how they use their values. Another finding included deepening our understanding of how values are experienced within the NSO and then transferred across the entire sport. Participants also spoke about the tension that arises among their NSO' s values as well as the dominant values held by funding agents. This clash of values needs to be addressed before the tension escalates. Finally, participants expressed a desire to learn more about how values can be used more intentionally to further their organization's purpose. As such, strategies for intentionally leveraging values are also suggested. Further research should explore how helpful the 4-1 framework can be to NSOs leaders who are in the process of identifying or renewing their organization's values.