COMPOSIÇÃO FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E DE COMPOSTOS BIOATIVOS EM FRUTOS DE Bromelia antiacantha BERTOL.

Frutas e hortaliças, de forma geral, são fontes de vitaminas, sais minerais e fibras. Recentemente, tem sido verificada a presença de compostos bioativos, incluindo carotenoides, antocianinas e compostos fenólicos, para os quais pesquisas relatam ação antioxidante e potencial terapêutico. A Bromelia antiacantha Bertol., popularmente conhecida por banana-do-mato, caraguatá, gravatá, carauatá e croatá, ocorre naturalmente no Rio Grande do Sul-Brasil. Informações científicas quanto à composição nutricional e a atividade biológica para essa espécie ainda são restritas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do trabalho foi determinar a composição físico-química, incluindo o teor de compostos bioativos da Bromelia antiacantha Bertol. Elevado teor de lipídios (5,07 ± 0,4 %), ácido ascórbico (60,01 ± 5,04 mg.100g-1) e carotenoides (162,67 ± 36,70 mg.100g-1) foram encontrados para a espécie Bromelia antiacantha Bertol., assim como baixo teor de carboidratos (8,75%).

REVESTIMENTO COMESTÍVEL À BASE DE GOMA XANTANA, COMPOSTOS LIPOFÍLICOS E/OU CLORETO DE CÁLCIO NA CONSERVAÇÃO DE MORANGOS

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar revestimentos comestíveis à base de goma xantana e glicerol, combinada a cloreto de cálcio, ácido oleico e/ou óleo essencial de hortelã-pimenta na conservação de morangos cv. Festival. Os morangos foram selecionados, lavados, sanitizados e, a seguir, submetidos a diferentes tratamentos de revestimentos à base de goma xantana acrescidos de glicerol, cloreto de cálcio, ácido oleico e/ou óleo essencial de hortelã-pimenta. Os frutos foram secos sob ventilação forçada a 4 ºC, por 15 h, e, posteriormente, embalados em bandejas com tampa de Polietileno Tereftalato (PET) e armazenados a 4 ºC, durante 12 dias. Foram realizadas análises de perda de massa, firmeza, luminosidade, tonalidade, pH, acidez, sólidos solúveis totais, antocianinas e a incidência de deterioração fúngica. Os diferentes revestimentos utilizados foram eficientes na conservação dos morangos. O tratamento com goma xantana e glicerol apresentou os melhores resultados, pois a influência do ácido oleico ou do óleo essencial de hortelãpimenta, assim como do cloreto de cálcio, não foi significativa. O revestimento de goma xantana proporcionou redução da perda de massa, manutenção da firmeza, cor, pH, acidez, sólidos solúveis totais, antocianinas e não estimulou o crescimento fúngico. Desta forma, esta goma apresenta potencial para aplicação como revestimento em morangos, visando a maximizar a vida útil deste produto.

Magnetic properties of an Fe/Cu granular multilayer

A Cu/Fe granular film, formed from a multilayer film and composed of particles of Fe imbedded in Cu, has had several of its important properties investigated. Measurements include ferromagentic resonance, magnetoresistance, Mössbauer effect, magnetic viscosity, and magnetization. The two‐phase behavior of these immiscible alloy systems, and the effect of multilayering on the shape of the magnetic precipitates, can explain some of these properties. An explanation of the ferromagnetic resonance line shape is proffered. An extraordinary macroscopic quantum tunneling effect is found to govern the magnetic relaxation at the lowest temperatures.

Els materials arqueològics del jaciment ibèric de la Serra de l'Espasa (Capçanes, Priorat) dipositats al Museu d'Arqueologia Salvador Vilaseca de Reus: evidències d'un santuari?

En aquest treball presentem una revisió del jaciment ibèric de la Serra de l"Espasa (Capçanes, Priorat) a partir de l"estudi, amb criteris actualitzats, del material conservat en el Museu Salvador Vilaseca de Reus. Els resultats són contrastats amb les darreres investigacions arqueològiques desenvolupades en el curs inferior de l"Ebre. A l"últim, s"analitzen les possibles interpretacions d"aquest conjunt, en particular la hipotètica existència d"un santuari, i les seves implicacions en el procés de romanització en aquesta zona

Les pintures murals de la basílica paleocristiana de «Es Cap des Port» (Fornells, Menorca): materials i tècniques

[cat]El present treball ofereix una revisió de les pintures murals de la basílica de «Es Cap des Port» (Fornells, Menorca), així com un estudi de caracterització arqueomètrica deIs materials i tècniques per microscòpia òptica, tant amb lupa binocular com amb microscopi petrogràfic mitjançant làmina prima, difracció de raigs X i microscòpia electrònica de rastreig. Els resultats han permès identificar els pigments emprats, així com la seva tècnica d'aplicació. Igualment, han permès caracteritzar els morters i han desvelat l' existència de dos tipus diferents de suport. Malgrat aquestes diferències en els morters, els pigments són sempre els mateixos per a tots els conjunts pictòrics caracteritzats [eng] The present paper offers a revision of the wall paintings found at the early Christian church of 'Es Cap des Port' (Fornells, Menorca). Moreover, the materials and techniques employed have been archaeometrically studied by means of optical microscopy, both with steromicroscope and petrographic microscope by thin section, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results enable to identify the pigments used, as well as the techniques of application. It has also been possible to characterize the mortars, revealing the existence of two different types of support. In spite of these differences in the mortars, the pigments used are the same ones for all the studied wall paintings

Els materials arqueològics del jaciment ibèric del Coll del Moro de Serra d'Almos (Tivissa, Ribera d'Ebre). Col·lecció del Museu Comarcal Salvador Vilaseca de Reus

Presentem en aquest treball una revalorització d' aquestjaciment a partir de I'estudi amb criteris actualitzats del material conservat en el Museu Salvador Vilaseca de Reus. Els resultats són contrastats amb les darreres investigacions arqueologiques desenvolupades en el curs inferior de I'Ebre. Per últim, s'analitzen les possibles interpretacions d'aquest conjunt, i les seves implicacions en els inicis de la iberització en aquesta zona.

Èquids i gossos en l"economia i en els rituals. Resultats de l"estudi dels materials dipositats en el sitjar iberoromà del Serrat dels Espinyers (Isona, Pallars Jussà)

[cat]El Serrat dels Espinyers constitueix, per si mateix, un punt important en el poc conegut poblament ibéric del Pallars. En el panorama arqueològic català esdevé un cas únic pel que fa a la utiliztzació dels animals en activitats rituals vinculades tant a espais funeraris com domèstics, en particular pel volum i la qualitat de les dades aportades. L'anàlisi de les restes òssies animals i d'altes materials associats han procurart un conjunt de dades que permeten establir hipòtesis sobre els comportaments rituals de la societat ibèrica que va ocupar el jaciment. D'altra banda, es posa en evidència la importància de dos tàxons: els èquids i els gossos, i la seva relació amb l'activitat econòmica que hi va poder tenir lloc. [eng]Serrat dels Espinyers is an important site within the little known Iberian culture settlement of the Pallars area in Catalonia. Regarding the use of animals in ritual activities related to both domestic and funerary spaces, the data provided by this site are unique within the Catalan archaeology. The results obtained in the analysis of animal bones and other associated materials have allowed us to establish new hypotheses about the ritual behavior in Iberian society. Moreover, the importance of two taxa: horses and dogs, has been highlighted, as well as their relationship with the economic activity that could have taken place on the site.

Materials developed by mechanical alloying and melt spinning

Materials science is a multidisciplinary research topic related to the development of physics and technology. Mechanical alloying of ribbon flakes is a two steps route to develop advanced materials. In this work, a Fe based alloy was obtained using three pathways: mechanical alloying, melt-spinning and mechanical alloying of previously melt-spun samples. Processing conditions allow us to obtain amorphous or nanocrystalline structures. Furthermore, a bibliographic revision of mechanical alloying is here presented

Reuse of information for selection of methods and operating conditions for drying of pharmaceutical materials

Drying is a major step in the manufacturing process in pharmaceutical industries, and the selection of dryer and operating conditions are sometimes a bottleneck. In spite of difficulties, the bottlenecks are taken care of with utmost care due to good manufacturing practices (GMP) and industries' image in the global market. The purpose of this work is to research the use of existing knowledge for the selection of dryer and its operating conditions for drying of pharmaceutical materials with the help of methods like case-based reasoning and decision trees to reduce time and expenditure for research. The work consisted of two major parts as follows: Literature survey on the theories of spray dying, case-based reasoning and decision trees; working part includes data acquisition and testing of the models based on existing and upgraded data. Testing resulted in a combination of two models, case-based reasoning and decision trees, leading to more specific results when compared to conventional methods.

Pneumatic Conveying of Granular Materials in a Pilot Scale Downer-Riser System

Studies regarding the field of this work aim to substitute industrial mechanical conveyors with pneumatic conveyors to overcome the disadvantages in solids flow regulation and risks posed to production and health. The experimental part of this work examines how the granular material properties, fluidizing airflow rate, equipment geometry, and pressures along the pipes affect the mass flow rate through the system. The results are compared with those obtained from previous experiments conducted with alumina. Experiments were carried out with a pilot scale downer-riser system at Outotec Research Center Frankfurt. Granular materi-als used in this work are named as sand, ilmenite, iron ore 1 and iron ore 2.

Estudi per a la determinació de la composició òptima d'una barreja de pastes per a la fabricació de paper tripa industrial

El creixent ritme d’exportacions del Brasil, fa que la demanda de papers d’embalatges’incrementi constantment. El material més utilitzat per al transport són les caixes de cartróondulat (OCC). Aquestes caixes, quan se’ls acaba la vida útil, són recuperades per afabricar nou cartró ondulat. El paper de diari, que un cop llegit es converteix en un residu, nos’acostuma a utilitzar per a la fabricació de nous productes paperers, tot i estar fabricat ambfibres de qualitat elevada.Amb la utilització d’aquests materials com a alternativa es disminueix la demanda defibres verges com és el pi, que al Brasil, es troba en una situació crítica a causa de la malagestió de les plantacions.Cal dir que la part pràctica de l’estudi, que consisteix bàsicament en treball de laboratori,ha estat realitzada al Brasil, d’on provenen també les matèries primeres utilitzades. Peraquest motiu, el context de l’estudi està centrat en el mercat, en les necessitats i en larealitat d’aquest país.Aquest projecte té com a objectiu determinar la composició òptima d’una barreja depastes de pi, sisal, retalls i paper de diari, per a la fabricació de paper tripa industrial. Aquestpaper és el que es col•loca, ondulat, enmig de les capes externes del cartró multicapa

Quality potential of DIP and hardwood CTMP based raw materials in woodcontaining printing paper

The objective of the thesis was to define the quality potential of DIP and hardwood CTMP based raw material furnish for a printing paper production and to define the end product's pulp-based boundary conditions especially when thinking of Chinese markets. Although the Chinese paper industry expands rapidly, the production of some paper grades is still exiguous. Especially the softwood resources are limited in Asia, thus the purpose of the thesis was to find out the possibilities to produce printing paper in China from local raw materials. Bleached CTMP can be produced, for example, from fast-growing hardwood species like eucalyptus and poplar. Therefore in this thesis it was examined if good quality printing paper is possible to produce by using deinked pulp and hardwood CTMP based furnish. In the first section of experimental part, various deinked pulps and chemithermomechanical pulps were compared. The deinked pulps were from China, Central Europe and Finland. Central European was made for magazine papers, and the Chinese as well as the Finnish pulps were made for newsprints. Two of the BCTMPs were from China and those both were made from poplar, whereas one BCTMP was made from eucalyptus in a pilot plant. There were significant differences especially between BCTMPs and their paper properties. In the second section of experimental part, the deinked pulp and eucalyptus BCTMP were blended to produce handsheets. The results show that producing the highest quality printing paper would be difficult from these raw materials. Deinked pulp affected especially the strength and optical properties as well as calender blackening. The BCTMP was found to have effects mostly on the smoothness, strength and optical properties as well as calender blackening.

Materials selection for superheater tubes in municipal solid waste incineration plants

Corrosion reduces the lifetime of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) superheater tubes more than any other cause. It can be minimized by the careful selection of those materials that are most resistant to corrosion under operating conditions. Since thousands of different materials are already known and many more are developed every year, here the selection methodology developed by Prof. Ashby of the University of Cambridge was used to evaluate the performance of different materials to be used as MSWI superheater tubes. The proposed materials can operate at steam pressures and temperatures over 40 bars and 400ºC, respectively. Two case studies are presented: one makes a balanced selection between mechanical properties and cost per thermal unit; and the other focuses on increasing tube lifetime. The balanced selection showed that AISI 410 martensitic stainless steel (wrought, hard tempered) is the best candidate with a good combination of corrosion resistance, a relatively low price (0.83-0.92 e/kg) and a good thermal conductivity (23-27 W/m K). Meanwhile, Nitronic 50/XM-19 stainless steel is the most promising candidate for longterm selection, as it presents high corrosion resistance with a relatively low price (4.86-5.14 e/kg) compared to Ni-alloys.