Taxonomic Characters in the Genus Echinococcus (Cestoda: Taenlidae)

Not more than four species of cestodes of the genus Echinococcus Rudolphi, 1801, are recognized as valid. The larval stage of at least three of them is able to develop in man, causing respective types of hydatid disease. Accurate characterization of these cestodes, including both larval and adult stages, is essential for identification, upon which depends development of methods for preventing infection of man and domestic animals. Because morphological characteristics of the larval cestodes may be modified according to the species of host in which they develop, identification should be based upon taxonomic characters of specimens from the respective natural hosts, which can be identified by means of ecological investigations in endemic areas in combination with controlled infection of experimental animals. The morphological and biological characteristics of the known species are discussed, and the two species most important to public health and economically--E. granulosus (Batsch, 1786) and E. multilocularis Leuckart, 1863--are distinguished. French résumé: Trois espèces de cestodes du genre Echinococcus Rudolphi, 1801 ont été identifiées: E. granulosus (Batsch, 1786); E. multilocularis Leuckart, 1863; et E. oligarthrus (Diesing, 1863). On n'a pas encore déterminé avec certitude s'il fallait leur adjoindre E. patagonicus Szidat, 1960. Ce dernier mis à part, tous ces ténias sont connus pour provoquer chez l'homme des formes spécifiques d'échinococcose hydatique; l'infestation par les larves de E. granulosus est également fréquente chez les ongulés domestiques et la répartition de ce cestode est presque cosmopolite. E. multilocularis est très largement répandu dans l'hémisphère nord, tandis que E. oligarthrus ne se trouve que dans le centre et le sud de I'Amérique. Pour définir des critères morphologiques qui permettent de distinguer avec précision les différentes espèces d'Echinococcus, il convient de prendre les spécimens sur leurs hôtes naturels, sinon l'évolution du stade strobilaire se trouve habituellement retardée et le stade larvaire présente une gamme étendue de variations morphologiques. Pour identifier les hôtes naturels, il faut étudier l'écologie dans les zones d'éndemicité, ainsi que les manifestations de l'infection contrôlée chez des animaux d'expérience. Le stade strobilaire des ténias peut présenter plusieurs caractères spécifiques importants qui concernent notamment la taille, le nombre et la répartition des testicules, la position du pore génital dans les segments gravides, la forme de l'utérus gravide et, dans certains cas, la taille et la forme des crochets du rostre. La structure de la larve normalement développée est caractéristique de chacune des trois espèces relativement bien connues. Les caractéristiques biologiques jouent également un rôle important dans la différenciation de ces cestodes. Au stade larvaire, le laps de temps nécessaire au développement des scolex infectants est directement fonction de la durée de vie de l'hôte intermédiaire. La larve de E. multilocularis présente des scolex infectants dès le deuxième ou le troisième mois, alors qu'ils n'apparaissent qu'au bout d'un ou deux ans chez la larve de E. granulosus. Un tableau donne la liste comparative des caractéristiques taxonomiques qui permettent de faire la distinction entre ces deux espèces.

A new, brightly colored species of Pseudoboa Schneider, 1801 from the Amazon Basin (Serpentes, Xenodontinae)

A new species of Pseudoboa, P. martinsi, is described from the Amazon basin of Brazil, with records from the states of Para, Amazonas, Roraima and Rondonia. The new species is distinguished from the other five species of the genus by a combination of scalation and coloration characters. Individuals of the new species were found in both primary and disturbed forested areas. The species seems to be predominantly nocturnal and secretive because specimens were found foraging in the litter during night.

An anatomical analysis of the mini-modified orbitozygomatic and supra-orbital approaches

Seven sides of cadaver heads were used to compare the surgical exposures provided by the mini-modified orbitozygomatic (MOz) and supra-orbital (SO) approaches. The Optotrak 3020 computerized tracking system (Northern Digital, Waterloo, ON, Canada) was utilized to evaluate the area of anatomical exposure defined by six points: (1) ipsilateral sphenoid ridge; (2) most distal point of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA); (3) most distal point of the ipsilateral posterior cerebral artery (PCA); (4) most distal point of the contralateral PCA; (5) most distal point of the contralateral MCA; and (6) contralateral sphenoid ridge. Additionally, angles of approach for the ipsilateral MCA bifurcation, ipsilateral ICA bifurcation, basilar artery tip, contralateral MCA and ICA bifurcation and anterior communicating artery (AcomA) were evaluated, first for SO and then for MOz. An image guidance system was used to evaluate the limits of surgical exposure. No differences in the area of surgical exposure were noted (p > 0.05). Vertical angles were significantly wider for the ipsilateral and contralateral ICA bifurcation, AcomA, contralateral MCA and basilar tip (p < 0.05) for MOz. No differences in horizontal angles were observed between the approaches for the six targets (p > 0.05). There were no differences in the limits of exposure. MOz affords no additional surgical working space. However, our results demonstrate systematically that vertical exposure is improved. The MOz should be performed while planning an approach to these regions and a wider exposure in the vertical axis is needed. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Robert Schumann e a tradução: criação poética, simultaneidade e movimento

Este trabalho examina os Escritos sobre a Música e os Músicos, do compositor alemão Robert Schumann, em especial as resenhas escritas entre 1834 e 1836, com vistas a identificar ecos das principais ideias sobre linguagem e tradução desenvolvidas na Alemanha entre o final do séc. XVIII e o início do séc. XIX. Os eixos escolhidos para construir essa ideia são os eixos do sujeito e do tempo perpassados pela noção de movimento. Do primeiro, destaca-se a ancoragem vertical, personalíssima, operada no interior do sujeito que transita de um sistema sígnico para outro, que traduz seus pensamentos, ou ainda que empreende a passagem de uma língua para outra. Do segundo, tem-se em conta a configuração desse mergulho num produto que desmantela as barreiras do tempo e, de um só golpe, contemporiza o passado e inclui o futuro.

Catch rates of artisanal fisheries targeting Dasyatis guttata (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) in Todos os Santos Bay, northeastern Brazil

Dasyatis guttata has been target of artisanal fisheries in the coast of Bahia (Northeast Brazil) mainly by “arraieira” (gillnet) and “grozeira” (bottom long-line), but until now there is no stock assessment study. One of the important data for this knowledge is reliable indices of abundance. The aims of the present work are to: (1) estimate the best predictor for relative abundance (catch-per-unit-of-effort, CPUE), examining whether catch (production – kg) was related to: soak time of the gear, size of the gillnet or number of hooks, applying generalized linear model (GLM); (2) estimate the annual CPUE (kg/hooks and kg/m) averaged by gear; and (3) assess the temporal CPUE variance. Based on monthly sampling between January 2012 and January 2013, 222 landings by grozeira and 76 by arraiaiera were recorded in the two landing sites in Todos os Santos Bay, Bahia. A total of 14,550 kg (average = 44 kg/month) of D. guttata was captured. Models for both gears were highly significant (P < 0.0001). The analysis indicated that the most appropriate variable for CPUE analysis was the size of the gillnet (P < 0.001) and the number of hooks (P < 0.0001). Soak time of the gear was not significant for both gears (P = 0.4). High residual deviance expresses the complexity of the relations between ecosystem factors and other fisheries factors affecting relative abundance, which were not considered in this study. The average CPUE by grozeira was 6.39 kg/100 hooks ± 8.89 and by arraieira, 1.47 kg/100 m ± 1.66 over the year. Kruskal-Wallis test showed effect of the month on the mean grozeira CPUE (P = <0.001), but no effect (P = 0.096) on the mean arraieira CPUE. Grozeira CPUE values were highest in December and March, and lowest between May to August

Selección del alimento en la hormiga argentina, Linepithema humile (Mayr, 1868) Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Asignatura: Etología de los recursos pesqueros (Licenciatura Ciencias del Mar)

Effect of larval density and feeding sequence on meagre (Argyrosomus regius Asso, 1801) larval rearing

[EN] Meagre, has been proposed as a candidate for marine finfish diversification on commercial aquaculture (Quémèner, 2002, Mateos, 2007). Despite of the elevated on growing potential, the most important bottleneck of this specie is related to the limited production of fry. Larval rearing of this species, is performed mainly adapting seabream culture techniques with different success (Roo et al., 2007) However, since limited information about the optimal feeding sequences and nutritional requirements of meagre is available, more research is needed on larval rearing protocols and nutrition. Present results (elevated larval growth rate, high survival, short rotifers period) are very promising for a successful implementation at industrial scale, which helps to solve the continues lack of fry of this specie in the Mediterranean and Canary islands.

Nuevas aportaciones al estudio de la organogénesis en larvas de corvina (Argyrosomus Regius Asso, 1801)

La corvina (Argyrosomus regius) es un teleósteo de la familia Scianidae, que en los últimos años ha despertado un gran interés en acuicultura por su rápido crecimiento y la calidad de su carne. A su vez, se trata de una de las especies denominadas ?nuevas? que no pertenecen a la familia de los espáridos, y permite diversificar la oferta de la piscicultura marina. Las primeras aportaciones al estudio histológico del desarrollo larvario de esta especie fueron realizados por Jiménez et al. (2007). El presente trabajo incrementa la información existente, durante los dos primeros meses de vida de esta especie, lo que permitirá optimizar el cultivo larvario. Para ello se analiza la relación entre el desarrollo de sistema digestivo, la vejiga natatoria y el sistema visual. Los resultado demuestran que la corvina es una especie de rápido desarrollo y muy susceptible a las condiciones de cultivo durante su fase larvaria, condicionando éstas su crecimiento. A su vez el presente estudio ratifica que las características morfológicas y la organogénesis están directamente relacionadas con la longitud de la larva, independientemente de la edad de la misma.

Efecto de la densidad larvaria y secuencial alimentaria en el cultivo larvario de corvina (Argyrosomus regius Asso, 1801) durante el primer mes de vida

Effect of larval density and feeding sequence on meagre (Argyrosomus regius Asso, 1801) larval rearing during the first month of life. In the present work two comparative studies of the effect of larval density and feeding sequence were performed. For such, two initial larval densities, 50 larvae.l-1 and 100 larvae.l-1 were established. In each density three feeding sequences were tested, applying different combinations of rotifers (Brachionus sp.) and Artemia sp. at different larval ages. After 30dah, standard length, dry weight and final survival were determined. Final survival was affected by initial larval density and feeding sequence. Lower density promotes better growth in dry weight and standard length for all the feeding sequences tested. In addition, feeding sequences affects larval growth and survival. Best result in survival (62,81±4,77%) were obtained with high larval density and T2 feeding sequence.

Optimización del protocolo de destete de corvina (Argyrosomus regius, Asso, 1801)

[EN] Argyrosomus regius is a new species of interest in aquaculture. Nevertheless, few are the works published on this species and less even in larvae culture and weaning. In this study 2 experiments were done, in tanks of 15 l, with larvae of 15 and 34 days of life, respectively to which 2 different protocols for their weaning were applied. The provided food consisted of a mixture of Artemia and microdiet to different concentration. In experiment A, the best results of growth were observed in treatment 1 and worse in treatment 3, nevertheless in the survival the opposite happened. In experiment B, the best results they were reached with larvae submitted to low density and with significant difference between treatment 1 and 2, in survival no significant differences were found between the different treatments.