L'idea di metafora nell'opera di Oswald Mathias Ungers

This research focuses on the definition of the complex relationship that exists between theory and project, which - in the architectural work by Oswald Mathias Ungers - is based on several essays and on the publications that - though they have never been collected in an organic text - make up an articulated corpus, so that it is possible to consider it as the foundations of a theory. More specifically, this thesis deals with the role of metaphor in Unger’s theory and its subsequent practical application to his projects. The path leading from theoretical analysis to architectural project is in Ungers’ view a slow and mediated path, where theory is an instrument without which it would not be possible to create the project's foundations. The metaphor is a figure of speech taken from disciplines such as philosophy, aesthetics, linguistics. Using a metaphor implies a transfer of meaning, as it is essentially based on the replacement of a real object with a figurative one. The research is articulated in three parts, each of them corresponding to a text by Ungers that is considered as crucial to understand the development of his architectural thinking. Each text marks three decades of Ungers’ work: the sixties, seventies and eighties. The first part of the research deals with the topic of Großform expressed by Ungers in his publication of 1966 Grossformen im Wohnungsbau, where he defines four criteria based on which architecture identifies with a Großform. One of the hypothesis underlying this study is that there is a relationship between the notion of Großform and the figure of metaphor. The second part of the thesis analyzes the time between the end of the sixties and the seventies, i.e. the time during which Ungers lived in the USA and taught at the Cornell University of Ithaca. The analysis focuses on the text Entwerfen und Denken in Vorstellungen, Metaphern und Analogien, written by Ungers in 1976, for the exhibition MAN transFORMS organized in the Cooper - Hewitt Museum in New York. This text, through which Ungers creates a sort of vocabulary to explain the notions of metaphor, analogy, signs, symbols and allegories, can be defined as the Manifesto of his architectural theory, the latter being strictly intertwined with the metaphor as a design instrument and which is best expressed when he introduces the 11 thesis with P. Koolhaas, P. Riemann, H. Kollhoff and A. Ovaska in Die Stadt in der Stadt in 1977. Berlin das grüne Stadtarchipel. The third part analyzes the indissoluble tie between the use of metaphor and the choice of the topic on which the project is based and, starting from Ungers’ publication in 1982 Architecture as theme, the relationship between idea/theme and image/metaphor is explained. Playing with shapes requires metaphoric thinking, i.e. taking references to create new ideas from the world of shapes and not just from architecture. The metaphor as a tool to interpret reality becomes for Ungers an inquiry method that precedes a project and makes it possible to define the theme on which the project will be based. In Ungers’ case, the architecture of ideas matches the idea of architecture; for Ungers the notions of idea and theme, image and metaphor cannot be separated from each other, the text on thematization of architecture is not a report of his projects, but it represents the need to put them in order and highlight the theme on which they are based.

Pseudodifferential operators on Hilbert space riggings with associated psi *-algebras and generalized Hörmander classes

The present thesis is concerned with certain aspects of differential and pseudodifferential operators on infinite dimensional spaces. We aim to generalize classical operator theoretical concepts of pseudodifferential operators on finite dimensional spaces to the infinite dimensional case. At first we summarize some facts about the canonical Gaussian measures on infinite dimensional Hilbert space riggings. Considering the naturally unitary group actions in $L^2(H_-,gamma)$ given by weighted shifts and multiplication with $e^{iSkp{t}{cdot}_0}$ we obtain an unitary equivalence $F$ between them. In this sense $F$ can be considered as an abstract Fourier transform. We show that $F$ coincides with the Fourier-Wiener transform. Using the Fourier-Wiener transform we define pseudodifferential operators in Weyl- and Kohn-Nirenberg form on our Hilbert space rigging. In the case of this Gaussian measure $gamma$ we discuss several possible Laplacians, at first the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator and then pseudo-differential operators with negative definite symbol. In the second case, these operators are generators of $L^2_gamma$-sub-Markovian semi-groups and $L^2_gamma$-Dirichlet-forms. In 1992 Gramsch, Ueberberg and Wagner described a construction of generalized Hörmander classes by commutator methods. Following this concept and the classical finite dimensional description of $Psi_{ro,delta}^0$ ($0leqdeltaleqroleq 1$, $delta< 1$) in the $C^*$-algebra $L(L^2)$ by Beals and Cordes we construct in both cases generalized Hörmander classes, which are $Psi^*$-algebras. These classes act on a scale of Sobolev spaces, generated by our Laplacian. In the case of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operator, we prove that a large class of continuous pseudodifferential operators considered by Albeverio and Dalecky in 1998 is contained in our generalized Hörmander class. Furthermore, in the case of a Laplacian with negative definite symbol, we develop a symbolic calculus for our operators. We show some Fredholm-criteria for them and prove that these Fredholm-operators are hypoelliptic. Moreover, in the finite dimensional case, using the Gaussian-measure instead of the Lebesgue-measure the index of these Fredholm operators is still given by Fedosov's formula. Considering an infinite dimensional Heisenberg group rigging we discuss the connection of some representations of the Heisenberg group to pseudo-differential operators on infinite dimensional spaces. We use this connections to calculate the spectrum of pseudodifferential operators and to construct generalized Hörmander classes given by smooth elements which are spectrally invariant in $L^2(H_-,gamma)$. Finally, given a topological space $X$ with Borel measure $mu$, a locally compact group $G$ and a representation $B$ of $G$ in the group of all homeomorphisms of $X$, we construct a Borel measure $mu_s$ on $X$ which is invariant under $B(G)$.

Conditional and transgenic mouse models as tools to study the role of TGFbeta, BMP signaling in skeletal development

Die TGFbeta/BMP Signaltransduktionskaskade ist wichtig für viele Entwicklungsprozesse fast aller embryonaler sowie extraembryonaler Gewebe und sie ist ebenso essentiell bei der Aufrechterhaltung der Homöostase im adulten Organismus. In vielen Mausmodellen und Zellkulturversuchen wurde gezeigt, dass Liganden dieses Signalweges in verschiedene Stadien der Knorpel- und Knochenentwicklung involviert sind. BMPs sind beispielsweise maßgeblich an der frühen Kondensation und Bildung des Knorpels und später an Proliferation und Hypertrophie der Chondrozyten beteiligt. BMPs können ektopisch Knochenbildung auslösen und das Expressionsmuster der Liganden und spezifischen Rezeptoren in der Wachstumsfuge lässt auf eine wichtige Rolle der BMPs in der Wachstumsfuge schließen. Der gezielte knock out der BMP-Rezeptoren Bmpr1a und Bmpr1b in proliferierenden Chondrozyten führt zur Ausbildung einer generellen Chondrodysplasie. Smad1, Smad5 und Smad8 sind die Mediatoren der BMP-Signalkaskade. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit sollte die Rolle und Funktion der Smad1- und Smad5-Proteine in der Wachstumsfuge untersucht werden. Hierzu wurden konditionale Smad1-knock out-Mäuse mit einer transgenen Mauslinie gekreuzt, die die Cre-Rekombinase spezifisch in proliferierenden Chondrozyten exprimiert. Diese Mäuse wurden mit und ohne heterozygotem Smad5-Hintergrund charakterisiert. Bei einem knock out von Smad1 allein konnte ein leichte Verkürzung der Wachstumsfuge beobachtet werden, wobei prähypertrophe und hypertrophe Zone gleichermaßen betroffen waren. Dieser Phänotyp war verstärkt in Mäusen mit zusätzlichem heterozygotem Smad5-Hintergrund. Eine Verringerung der Proliferationsrate konnte zusammen mit einer verminderten Ihh-Expression nachgewiesen werden. Zusätzlich konnte anhand von Röntgenaufnahmen eine Dysorganisation der nasalen Region und ein fehlendes nasales Septum beobachtet werden. Produktion und Mineralisation der extrazellulären Matrix waren nicht beeinträchtigt. Um die Rolle der BMP- und TGFbeta-Signalkaskaden während der endochondralen Ossifikation zu vergleichen, wurden transgene Mäuse generiert, in denen die TGFbeta-Signalkaskade spezifisch in proliferierenden Chondrozyten gestört war. Zwei Mauslinien, die ähnliche Phänotypen zeigten, wurden untersucht. Esl1 ist ein TGFbeta-bindendes Protein, von dem man annimmt, dass es die TGFbeta-Signalkaskade inhibieren kann. Esl1-knock out-Mäuse sind kleiner als Wildtypmäuse und die Überexpression von Esl1 in proliferierenden Chondrozyten führt zu einer Verlängerung der Wachstumsfuge und einer verstärkten Proliferationsrate. Knorpelmarker, wie Col2a1 und Sox9 sind in diesen Mäusen herunterreguliert, während Col10a1 und Ihh als Marker für die hypertrophe und prähypertrophe Zone herunterreguliert waren. Dies führt zu der Annahme, dass mehr Zellen in die terminale Differenzierung eintreten. Bei transgenen Mäusen, in denen ein dominant-negativer (dn) TGFbeta-Rezeptor in proliferierenden Chondrozyten überexprimiert wurde, konnte eine verlängerte prähypertrophe Zone, eine erhöhte Ihh-Expression, sowie eine verstärkte Proliferationsrate beobachtet werden. Zusätzlich konnte in homozygoten Tieren ein craniofacialer Phänotyp beschrieben werden, der zu Problemen bei der Nahrungsaufnahme und damit zu einer starken Wachstumsbeeinträchtigung führte. Die BMP- und TGFbeta-Signalkaskaden haben möglicherweise antagonistische Effekte in der Wachstumsfuge. Während der Ausfall von BMP in proliferierenden Chondrozyten aufgrund einer gesunkenen Proliferationsrate zu einer Verkürzung der Wachstumsfuge führte, kann man in Mäusen mit einer Störung der TGFbeta-Signalkaskade eine verstärkte Proliferation in einer daher verlängerten Wachstumsfuge beobachten. Ein weiteres Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Generation einer transgenen Mauslinie, die die Cre-Rekombinase spezifisch in hypertrophen Chondrozyten exprimiert. Promoterstudien mit transgenen Mäusen weisen darauf hin, dass ein putatives AP1-Element, etwa 4 kb vor dem ersten Exon des Col10a1 gelegen, wichtig für die spezifische Expression in hypertrophen Chondrozyten ist. Ein Konstrukt, dass vier Kopien dieses Elements und den basalen Promoter enthält, wurde benutzt, um die Cre-Rekombinase spezifisch zu exprimieren. Diese Mauslinie befindet sich in der Testphase und erste Daten deuten auf eine spezifische Expression der Cre-Rekombinase in hypertrophen Chondrozyten hin.

Das Globingen-Repertoire von Amphibien und Teleostiern

Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Dissertation wurde die molekulare Evolution von Globinen in Amphibien und Teleostiern untersucht und Analysen zur Genexpression ausgewählter Globine durchgeführt. Die bisher besonders für die neueren Mitglieder der Superfamilie der Globine – Neuroglobin und Cytoglobin – schwerpunktmäßig in Mammaliern erbrachten Daten sollten durch die Analyse in Amphibien und Teleostiern auf ihre generelle Gültigkeit für Vertebraten überprüft werden. Die Analysen zur Genexpression wurden sowohl in silico, basierend auf genomischen wie EST-Daten, als auch experimentell durch qualitative und quantitative RT-PCR-Nachweise durchgeführt. Die mRNA-Lokalisation wurde durch in situ-Hybridisierungen an Gewebeschnitten beziehungsweise durch Whole mount in situ-Hybridisierung an ganzen Embryonen detektiert. In einem ersten Teil der Arbeit wurde das Globin-Repertoire von Xenopus tropicalis umfassend analysiert. Die Expressionsanalyse der gefundenen Globine umfasste nicht nur adulte Tiere, sonder erstmals auch detailliert die Entwicklungsstadien eines Vertebraten. Dabei wurde festgestellt, dass die vorwiegend neuronale Expression des streng konservierten Neuroglobins ein generelles Charakteristikum aller Tetrapoden ist und bereits in der frühembryonalen Entwicklung auftritt. Auch für das als Einzelkopie im Amphibiengenom vertretene Cytoglobin konnte eine strenge Sequenzkonservierung gezeigt werden. Das Expressionsmuster des Amphibien-Cytoglobins stimmte mit dem aus Mammaliern bekannten überein und zeigte konservierte Charakteristika dieses Globins bei Tetrapoden auf. Die Analyse des Xenopus-Genoms ergab zudem, dass Krallenfrösche nicht über Myoglobin verfügen. Genomische Vergleiche syntäner Genregionen ließen auf Rearrangements in diesem Genombereich im Verlauf der Evolution schließen, in deren Folge das Myoglobingen in den Krallenfröschen deletiert wurde. Die Hämoglobine wurden in Xenopus tropicalis erstmals in einem Amphibium umfassend analysiert. Die Gene zeigten demnach eine geclusterte Anordnung: der tropische Krallenfrosch verfügte über je ein funktionelles α- bzw. β-adultes und sieben bzw. vier α- bzw. β-larvale Hämoglobine, die während der Entwicklung bzw. in adulten Tieren charakteristisch exprimiert wurden. Die Analyse der Hämoglobine hinsichtlich ihrer Lage in einem Cluster, ihrer phylogenetischen Relation zueinander und nicht zuletzt ihres Expressionsmusters ließen Rückschlüsse auf ihre Evolution zu. Zusätzlich zu diesen bereits bekannten Globinen konnte im Rahmen dieser Dissertation das Globingen-Repertoirs von Xenopus um zwei weitere, bisher unbekannte Globine erweitert werden. Diese wurden entsprechend ihrer bisher unbekannten Funktion als GlobinX und GlobinY bezeichnet. Während GlobinY bisher ausschließlich in Amphibien nachgewiesen werden konnte, wurde GlobinX zudem in Teleostiern detektiert und repräsentiert damit ein auf Anamnia beschränktes Globin. Die rekombinante Proteinexpression von Neuroglobin, Cytoglobin, GlobinX und GlobinY des tropischen Krallenfrosches zeigte ein hexakoordiniertes Bindungsschema dieser Globine in ihrem Deoxy-Zustand. In einem zweiten Teil dieser Dissertation wurden Neuroglobin und Cytoglobin in Teleostiern untersucht und die Analyse für diese zwei Gene somit über die Tetrapoden hinaus auf den gesamten Stammbaum der Vertebraten ausgedehnt. Dabei wurde deutlich, dass die vorwiegend neuronale Expression des seit 420 Millionen Jahren streng konservierten Neuroglobins ein generelles Merkmal dieses Globins in allen Vertebraten ist. Der in Amphibien und Teleostiern erbrachte und mit Ergebnissen in Mammaliern übereinstimmende Nachweis von Neuroglobin in neuronalen Geweben mit einem hohen Stoffwechsel lässt derzeit eine Funktion dieses Globins im Sauerstoffmetabolimus als wahrscheinlich erscheinen. Ob Neuroglobin dabei als kurzzeitiger Sauerstoffspeicher, O2-Transoprter oder aber in der Detoxifikation reaktiver Sauerstoff- bzw. Stickstoffspezies agiert, bleibt zu untersuchen. Für Cytoglobin konnte eine offenbar alle Teleostier betreffende Genduplikation nachgewiesen werden. Phylogenetische Analysen zeigen die Monophylie der Vertebraten-Cytoglobine. Der Vergleich der paralogen Cytoglobine der Teleostier mit dem syntänen Genombereich des humanen Cytoglobins zeigte die wahrscheinliche Entstehung der Fisch-Cytoglobine durch eine Genomduplikation in einem Vorfahren aller Teleostier vor etwa 300-450 Millionen Jahren. Die paralogen Cytoglobine zeigten in Danio rerio und Tetraodon nigroviridis differierende, charakteristische Expressionsmuster, die mit der Theorie der Subfunktionalisierung von Genen in Folge eines Duplikationsereignisses kompatibel sind. Die Analyse zeigte, dass Cygb-1 prädominant in Gehirn und Herz exprimiert wurde, Cygb-2 hingegen bevorzugt in Gehirn und Auge. Dies bestätigte indirekt die Hypothese, nach der das Cytoglobin der Mammalier zwei unterschiedliche Funktionen in differenten Geweben wahrnimmt. Die rekombinante Expression von Cygb-1 des Zebrabärblings zeigte zudem, das auch dieses Globin in seiner Deoxy-Form über ein hexakoordiniertes Bindungsschema verfügt.

Resonances in the two centers Coulomb system

In this work we investigate the existence of resonances for two-centers Coulomb systems with arbitrary charges in two and three dimensions, defining them in terms of generalized complex eigenvalues of a non-selfadjoint deformation of the two-center Schrödinger operator. After giving a description of the bifurcation of the classical system for positive energies, we construct the resolvent kernel of the operators and we prove that they can be extended analytically to the second Riemann sheet. The resonances are then defined and studied with numerical methods and perturbation theory.

Static analysis of functionally graded cylindrical and conical shells or panels using the generalized unconstrained third order theory coupled with the stress recovery

A 2D Unconstrained Third Order Shear Deformation Theory (UTSDT) is presented for the evaluation of tangential and normal stresses in moderately thick functionally graded conical and cylindrical shells subjected to mechanical loadings. Several types of graded materials are investigated. The functionally graded material consists of ceramic and metallic constituents. A four parameter power law function is used. The UTSDT allows the presence of a finite transverse shear stress at the top and bottom surfaces of the graded shell. In addition, the initial curvature effect included in the formulation leads to the generalization of the present theory (GUTSDT). The Generalized Differential Quadrature (GDQ) method is used to discretize the derivatives in the governing equations, the external boundary conditions and the compatibility conditions. Transverse and normal stresses are also calculated by integrating the three dimensional equations of equilibrium in the thickness direction. In this way, the six components of the stress tensor at a point of the conical or cylindrical shell or panel can be given. The initial curvature effect and the role of the power law functions are shown for a wide range of functionally conical and cylindrical shells under various loading and boundary conditions. Finally, numerical examples of the available literature are worked out.

Generalized Differential Quadrature Finite Element Method applied to Advanced Structural Mechanics

Over the years the Differential Quadrature (DQ) method has distinguished because of its high accuracy, straightforward implementation and general ap- plication to a variety of problems. There has been an increase in this topic by several researchers who experienced significant development in the last years. DQ is essentially a generalization of the popular Gaussian Quadrature (GQ) used for numerical integration functions. GQ approximates a finite in- tegral as a weighted sum of integrand values at selected points in a problem domain whereas DQ approximate the derivatives of a smooth function at a point as a weighted sum of function values at selected nodes. A direct appli- cation of this elegant methodology is to solve ordinary and partial differential equations. Furthermore in recent years the DQ formulation has been gener- alized in the weighting coefficients computations to let the approach to be more flexible and accurate. As a result it has been indicated as Generalized Differential Quadrature (GDQ) method. However the applicability of GDQ in its original form is still limited. It has been proven to fail for problems with strong material discontinuities as well as problems involving singularities and irregularities. On the other hand the very well-known Finite Element (FE) method could overcome these issues because it subdivides the computational domain into a certain number of elements in which the solution is calculated. Recently, some researchers have been studying a numerical technique which could use the advantages of the GDQ method and the advantages of FE method. This methodology has got different names among each research group, it will be indicated here as Generalized Differential Quadrature Finite Element Method (GDQFEM).

Il teorema della mappa di Riemann

Il teorema della mappa di Riemann è un risultato fondamentale dell'analisi complessa che afferma l'esistenza di un biolomorfismo tra un qualsiasi dominio semplicemente connesso incluso strettamente nel piano ed il disco unità. Si tratta di un teorema di grande importanza e generalità, dato che non si fa alcuna ipotesi sul bordo del dominio considerato. Inoltre ha applicazioni in diverse aree della matematica, ad esempio nella topologia: può infatti essere usato per dimostrare che due domini semplicemente connessi del piano sono tra loro omeomorfi. Presentiamo in questa tesi due diverse dimostrazioni del teorema.

A threshold hypothesis of institutional change: collective action in the Italian Alps during the 13th - 19th centuries.

This dissertation is about collective action issues in common property resources. Its focus is the “threshold hypothesis,” which posits the existence of a threshold in group size that drives the process of institutional change. This hypothesis is tested using a six-century dataset concerning the management of the commons by hundreds of communities in the Italian Alps. The analysis seeks to determine the group size threshold and the institutional changes that occur when groups cross this threshold. There are five main findings. First, the number of individuals in villages remained stable for six centuries, despite the population in the region tripling in the same period. Second, the longitudinal analysis of face-to-face assemblies and community size led to the empirical identification of a threshold size that triggered the transition from informal to more formal regimes to manage common property resources. Third, when groups increased in size, gradual organizational changes took place: large groups split into independent subgroups or structured interactions into multiple layers while maintaining a single formal organization. Fourth, resource heterogeneity seemed to have had no significant impact on various institutional characteristics. Fifth, social heterogeneity showed statistically significant impacts, especially on institutional complexity, consensus, and the relative importance of governance rules versus resource management rules. Overall, the empirical evidence from this research supports the “threshold hypothesis.” These findings shed light on the rationale of institutional change in common property regimes, and clarify the mechanisms of collective action in traditional societies. Further research may generalize these conclusions to other domains of collective action and to present-day applications.

Modelling and analysis of thin-walled beams in the context of the Generalized Beam Theory

In this work, the Generalized Beam Theory (GBT) is used as the main tool to analyze the mechanics of thin-walled beams. After an introduction to the subject and a quick review of some of the most well-known approaches to describe the behaviour of thin-walled beams, a novel formulation of the GBT is presented. This formulation contains the classic shear-deformable GBT available in the literature and contributes an additional description of cross-section warping that is variable along the wall thickness besides along the wall midline. Shear deformation is introduced in such a way that the classical shear strain components of the Timoshenko beam theory are recovered exactly. According to the new kinematics proposed, a reviewed form of the cross-section analysis procedure is devised, based on a unique modal decomposition. Later, a procedure for a posteriori reconstruction of all the three-dimensional stress components in the finite element analysis of thin-walled beams using the GBT is presented. The reconstruction is simple and based on the use of three-dimensional equilibrium equations and of the RCP procedure. Finally, once the stress reconstruction procedure is presented, a study of several existing issues on the constitutive relations in the GBT is carried out. Specifically, a constitutive law based on mirroring the kinematic constraints of the GBT model into a specific stress field assumption is proposed. It is shown that this method is equally valid for isotropic and orthotropic beams and coincides with the conventional GBT approach available in the literature. Later on, an analogous procedure is presented for the case of laminated beams. Lastly, as a way to improve an inherently poor description of shear deformability in the GBT, the introduction of shear correction factors is proposed. Throughout this work, numerous examples are provided to determine the validity of all the proposed contributions to the field.

Il teorema di Riemann-Roch

Superfici di Riemann compatte, divisori, Teorema di Riemann Roch, immersioni nello spazio proiettivo.

Editorial reorganization of an alphabetically ordered collection of short stories: analysis of problems and hypothesis of possible solutions

This paper aims to show, analyze and solve the problems related to the translation of the book with meaning-bond alphabetically ordered chapter titles La vita non è in ordine alfabetico, by the Italian writer Andrea Bajani. The procedure is inevitable for a possible translation of the book, and it is necessary to have a preliminary pattern to follow. After translating the whole book, not only is a revision fundamental, but a restructure and reorganization of the collection may be required, hence, what this thesis offers is a scheme to start from, together with an analysis of the possible problems that may arise, and a useful method to find a solution.

Analysis of the Kohn Laplacian on the Heisenberg Group and on Cauchy-Riemann Manifolds

The purpose of this study is to analyse the regularity of a differential operator, the Kohn Laplacian, in two settings: the Heisenberg group and the strongly pseudoconvex CR manifolds. The Heisenberg group is defined as a space of dimension 2n+1 with a product. It can be seen in two different ways: as a Lie group and as the boundary of the Siegel UpperHalf Space. On the Heisenberg group there exists the tangential CR complex. From this we define its adjoint and the Kohn-Laplacian. Then we obtain estimates for the Kohn-Laplacian and find its solvability and hypoellipticity. For stating L^p and Holder estimates, we talk about homogeneous distributions. In the second part we start working with a manifold M of real dimension 2n+1. We say that M is a CR manifold if some properties are satisfied. More, we say that a CR manifold M is strongly pseudoconvex if the Levi form defined on M is positive defined. Since we will show that the Heisenberg group is a model for the strongly pseudo-convex CR manifolds, we look for an osculating Heisenberg structure in a neighborhood of a point in M, and we want this structure to change smoothly from a point to another. For that, we define Normal Coordinates and we study their properties. We also examinate different Normal Coordinates in the case of a real hypersurface with an induced CR structure. Finally, we define again the CR complex, its adjoint and the Laplacian operator on M. We study these new operators showing subelliptic estimates. For that, we don't need M to be pseudo-complex but we ask less, that is, the Z(q) and the Y(q) conditions. This provides local regularity theorems for Laplacian and show its hypoellipticity on M.

Eulero, Mascheroni e Riemann costanti ed ipotesi

In questa tesi si descrivono la funzione zeta di Riemann, la costante di Eulero-Mascheroni e la funzione gamma di Eulero. Si riportano i legami tra questi e si illustra brevemente l'ipotesi di Riemann degli zeri non banali della funzione zeta, ovvero l'ipotesi della distribuzione dei numeri primi nella retta dei numeri reali.

On the experimental behaviour of a silty sand and its modelling through Generalized Plasticity.

La tesi contiene uno studio sperimentale sul comportamento di una sabbia limosa del sottosuolo della laguna veneta e propone un'interpretazione dei risultati sperimentali ottenuti alla luce dei presupposti teorici di un approccio costitutivo avanzato noto come "Plasticità Generalizzata". Il programma sperimentale è consistito nella realizzazione di prove edometriche e prove triassiali su campioni di sabbia provenienti dal sito di Treporti, situato in prossimità della bocca di Lido. La risposta sperimentale, in termini di modulo volumetrico, è stata messa a confronto con i risultati di alcuni studi di letteratura, con particolare riferimento a quelli condotti da Jefferies & Been (2000). La disponibilità di prove di compressione edometrica realizzate nella cella K0 e la conseguente possibilità di valutare il coefficiente di spinta a riposo ha permesso di interpretare le prove in termini di tensione media efficace p' e di verificare l'applicabilità al caso in esame degli approcci di letteratura disponibili, spesso sviluppati a partire da prove di compressione isotropa effettuate in cella triassiale. Il comportamento tenso-deformativo osservato è stato successivamente simulato con un modello costitutivo per sabbie sviluppato nell'ambito della Plasticità Generalizzata. In particolare sono state utilizzate tre diverse formulazioni, che costituiscono un avanzamento dell'iniziale modello costitutivo proposto da Pastor, Zienkiewicz e Chan (1990), basate sull'uso di un parametro di stato del materiale definito rispetto alle condizioni di Stato Critico. Dal confronto tra previsioni del modello e risposta sperimentale è stato possibile individuare la formulazione che meglio simula il comportamento meccanico osservato sia in compressione edometrica sia in prove di taglio ed è stato proposto un set di parametri costitutivi ritenuti rappresentativi del terreno studiato.