Preparing Exercise I-3: Optimization of cross-section tables using sensitivity coefficients in COBAYA3

Preparing Exercise I-3: Optimization of cross-section tables using sensitivity coefficients in COBAYA3

Effects of cross sections tables generation and optimization on rod ejection transient analyses

Best estimate analysis of rod ejection transients requires 3D kinetics core simulators. If they use cross sections libraries compiled in multidimensional tables,interpolation errors – originated when the core simulator computes the cross sections from the table values – are a source of uncertainty in k-effective calculations that should be accounted for. Those errors depend on the grid covering the domain of state variables and can be easily reduced, in contrast with other sources of uncertainties such as the ones due to nuclear data, by choosing an optimized grid distribution. The present paper assesses the impact of the grid structure on a PWR rod ejection transient analysis using the coupled neutron-kinetics/thermal-hydraulicsCOBAYA3/COBRA-TF system. Forthispurpose, the OECD/NEA PWR MOX/UO2 core transient benchmark has been chosen, as material compositions and geometries are available, allowing the use of lattice codes to generate libraries with different grid structures. Since a complete nodal cross-section library is also provided as part of the benchmark specifications, the effects of the library generation on transient behavior are also analyzed.Results showed large discrepancies when using the benchmark library and own-generated libraries when compared with benchmark participants’ solutions. The origin of the discrepancies was found to lie in the nodal cross sections provided in the benchmark.

Optimization of multidimensional cross-section tables for few-group core calculations

Multigroup diffusion codes for three dimensional LWR core analysis use as input data pre-generated homogenized few group cross sections and discontinuity factors for certain combinations of state variables, such as temperatures or densities. The simplest way of compiling those data are tabulated libraries, where a grid covering the domain of state variables is defined and the homogenized cross sections are computed at the grid points. Then, during the core calculation, an interpolation algorithm is used to compute the cross sections from the table values. Since interpolation errors depend on the distance between the grid points, a determined refinement of the mesh is required to reach a target accuracy, which could lead to large data storage volume and a large number of lattice transport calculations. In this paper, a simple and effective procedure to optimize the distribution of grid points for tabulated libraries is presented. Optimality is considered in the sense of building a non-uniform point distribution with the minimum number of grid points for each state variable satisfying a given target accuracy in k-effective. The procedure consists of determining the sensitivity coefficients of k-effective to cross sections using perturbation theory; and estimating the interpolation errors committed with different mesh steps for each state variable. These results allow evaluating the influence of interpolation errors of each cross section on k-effective for any combination of state variables, and estimating the optimal distance between grid points.

High-speed trains and tourists: what is the link? Evidence from the French and Spanish capitals

The objective of this paper is to analyse the factors influencing tourists? choice of a destination and the role of High Speed Rail (HSR) systems in this choice. The methodology proposed consists in analysing two capitals in Europe, i.e. Paris and Madrid where HSR services are important, to investigate the factors influencing holidaymakers in choosing these cities, and the role of HSR in this choice. The main outcome of this paper is to show that several factors influence the choice of a tourist, like the presence of architectural sites, the quality of promotion of the destination itself, the presence of events, and also HSR services. However we found that the HSR system has affected the choice of Paris and Madrid in a different way. Concerning the French case study, HSR is considered a real transport mode alternative among tourists, therefore HSR is chosen to reach Paris as well as for revisiting it. On the other hand, Madrid is chosen by tourists irrespective on the presence of HSR, while HSR is chosen for reaching cities close to Madrid. Data collected from the two surveys have been used for a further quantitative analysis. Models have been specified and calibrated to identify the factors influencing holidaymakers to revisit Paris and Madrid and the role of HSR in this choice has been highlighted.

Relationships of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in the elderly with functional, psychological, and mental status, and short-term mortality: A French community-based study

In human beings of both sexes, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) circulating in blood is mostly an adrenally secreted steroid whose serum concentration (in the micromolar range and 30–50% higher in men than in women) decreases with age, toward ≈20–10% of its value in young adults during the 8th and 9th decades. The mechanism of action of DHEA and DHEAS is poorly known and may include partial transformation into sex steroids, increase of bioavailable insulin-like growth factor I, and effects on neurotransmitter receptors. Whether there is a cause-to-effect relationship between the decreasing levels of DHEAS with age and physiological and pathological manifestations of aging is still undecided, but this is of obvious theoretical and practical interest in view of the easy restoration by DHEA administration. Here we report on 622 subjects over 65 years of age, studied for the 4 years since DHEAS baseline values had been obtained, in the frame of the PAQUID program, analyzing the functional, psychological, and mental status of a community-based population in the south-west of France. We confirm the continuing decrease of DHEAS serum concentration with age, more in men than in women, even if men retain higher levels. Significantly lower values of baseline DHEAS were recorded in women in cases of functional limitation (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living), confinement, dyspnea, depressive symptomatology, poor subjective perception of health and life satisfaction, and usage of various medications. In men, there was a trend for the same correlations, even though not statistically significant in most categories. No differences in DHEAS levels were found in cases of incident dementia in the following 4 years. In men (but not in women), lower DHEAS was significantly associated with increased short-term mortality at 2 and 4 years after baseline measurement. These results, statistically established by taking into account corrections for age, sex, and health indicators, suggest the need for further careful trials of the administration of replacement doses of DHEA in aging humans. Indeed, the first noted results of such “treatment” are consistent with correlations observed here between functional and psychological status and endogenous steroid serum concentrations.

Reliability of league tables of in vitro fertilisation clinics: retrospective analysis of live birth rates

Objective: To determine to what extent institutions carrying out in vitro fertilisation can reasonably be ranked according to their live birth rates.

Annual league tables of mortality in neonatal intensive care units: longitudinal study

Objective: To assess whether crude league tables of mortality and league tables of risk adjusted mortality accurately reflect the performance of hospitals.

Online tables of contents for books: effect on usage*

Objectives: To explore whether the presence of online tables of contents (TOC) in an online catalog affects circulation (checkouts and inhouse usage). Two major questions were posed: (1) did the presence of online tables of contents for books increase use, and, (2) if it did, what factors might cause the increase?

Comparative Biochemistry of the Oxidative Burst Produced by Rose and French Bean Cells Reveals Two Distinct Mechanisms1

Cultured cells of rose (Rosa damascena) treated with an elicitor derived from Phytophthora spp. and suspension-cultured cells of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) treated with an elicitor derived from the cell walls of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum both produced H2O2. It has been hypothesized that in rose cells H2O2 is produced by a plasma membrane NAD(P)H oxidase (superoxide synthase), whereas in bean cells H2O2 is derived directly from cell wall peroxidases following extracellular alkalinization and the appearance of a reductant. In the rose/Phytophthora spp. system treated with N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate, superoxide was detected by a N,N′-dimethyl-9,9′-biacridium dinitrate-dependent chemiluminescence; in contrast, in the bean/C. lindemuthianum system, no superoxide was detected, with or without N,N-diethyldithiocarbamate. When rose cells were washed free of medium (containing cell wall peroxidase) and then treated with Phytophthora spp. elicitor, they accumulated a higher maximum concentration of H2O2 than when treated without the washing procedure. In contrast, a washing treatment reduced the H2O2 accumulated by French bean cells treated with C. lindemuthianum elicitor. Rose cells produced reductant capable of stimulating horseradish (Armoracia lapathifolia) peroxidase to form H2O2 but did not have a peroxidase capable of forming H2O2 in the presence of reductant. Rose and French bean cells thus appear to be responding by different mechanisms to generate the oxidative burst.

Método de Rorscharch em adultos: evidências psicométricas da Escola Francesa

O Método de Rorschach é internacionalmente utilizado e reconhecido como instrumento de avaliação psicológica em processos de investigação da personalidade. Para embasar seu adequado uso no contexto do Brasil, contínuos estudos sobre suas evidências psicométricas fazem-se necessários, sobretudo sobre seus indicadores de validade, precisão e referenciais normativos. Nesse contexto, este trabalho objetivou: a) verificar indicadores de precisão e validade do Rorschach (Escola Francesa ou de Paris), por meio da reavaliação de adultos não pacientes do estudo normativo de Pasian (1998), para checagem da estabilidade temporal (estrutural e funcional) das características de personalidade examinadas pelo método (ESTUDO 1); b) revisar e atualizar padrões normativos e atlas da Escola Francesa do Rorschach em adultos, avaliando-se eventuais especificidades de produção associadas ao sexo, à idade e à escolaridade (ESTUDO 2). No primeiro estudo foram reavaliados 88 adultos do estudo de Pasian (1998), com idade entre 34 a 69 anos, de ambos os sexos e de diferentes níveis de escolaridade (baixa, média e alta). No segundo estudo compôs-se nova amostra com 102 adultos, entre 18 e 65 anos, com sinais de desenvolvimento típico, distribuídos equitativamente em relação ao sexo e com diferentes graus de escolaridade (baixa, média e alta). Para elaboração dos dados normativos foram incluídos 66 adultos do Estudo 1, totalizando 168 casos nessa nova amostra (86 mulheres e 82 homens). Os participantes residiam no interior do Estado de São Paulo e foram avaliados, individualmente, por: a) instrumento de rastreamento de saúde mental (SRQ-20) - no estudo 1, utilizado para caracterização da amostra e no estudo 2 como critério de seleção dos participantes; b) instrumento de avaliação intelectual (Teste de Inteligência Não Verbal - INV, forma C - apenas no Estudo 2) para controle cognitivo da amostra; c) critério de classificação econômica Brasil (ABEP) e d) Método de Rorschach (Escola de Paris). Cada instrumento de avaliação psicológica foi aplicado, codificado e sistematizado conforme seus respectivos manuais técnicos. Especificamente o Método de Rorschach foi avaliado pelas diretrizes da Escola Francesa, sendo cada protocolo (de cada um dos dois estudos) examinado independentemente por dois avaliadores, chegando-se a uma classificação final dos casos. Calculou-se o índice de concordância entre examinadores pelo coeficiente Kappa para as quatro categorias de classificação das respostas do Rorschach (localização, determinante/qualidade formal, conteúdo e banalidades). Os resultados foram sistematizados inicialmente em termos descritivos (média, desvio-padrão, mediana, valor mínimo e máximo), realizando-se análises inferenciais específicas para as amostras de cada estudo em função de seus objetivos centrais. No Estudo 1, os achados relativos aos índices de correlação entre as duas avaliações dos 88 voluntários variaram entre 0,72 a -0,005, evidenciando estabilidade em um conjunto das características de personalidade dos adultos examinados após 15 anos, configurando evidências empíricas de precisão e de validade de método projetivo. Houve variáveis do Rorschach que não apresentaram resultados estáveis entre os dois momentos avaliativos (fórmulas vivenciais), sugerindo se tratarem de indicadores técnicos relativos ao funcionamento da personalidade, mais do que componentes estruturais. As análises do Estudo 2 apontaram reduzida influência dos fatores relacionados ao sexo, à escolaridade e à idade sobre as variáveis do Rorschach, não indicando a necessidade de normas específicas para grupos em termos desses fatores. Por fim, foi elaborado novo atlas de referência do Método de Rorschach (Escola de Paris) no contexto brasileiro, seguindo-se as diretrizes técnicocientíficas nacionais e internacionais da área. Os dados fortalecem a relevância dos estudos de natureza psicométrica para embasar adequadas análises interpretativas desse instrumento de avaliação psicológica (FAPESP e CAPES/PDSE).

Terminology and French-Spanish business translation: evaluating terminology resources for the translation of accounting documents

This article is the English version of “Terminología y traducción económica francés-español: evaluación de recursos terminológicos en el ámbito contable” by Daniel Gallego Hernández. It was not published on the print version of MonTI for reasons of space. The online version of MonTI does not suffer from these limitations, and this is our way of promoting plurilingualism.