Centennial-scale evolution of Dansgaard-Oeschger events in sediment core MD95-2006

There is much uncertainty surrounding the mechanisms that forced the abrupt climate fluctuations found in many palaeoclimate records during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS)-3. One of the processes thought to be involved in these events is the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC), which exhibited large changes in its dominant mode throughout the last glacial period. Giant piston core MD95-2006 from the northeast Atlantic Ocean records a suite of palaeoceanographic proxies related to the activity of both surface and deep water masses through a period of MIS-3 when abrupt climate fluctuations were extremely pronounced. A two-stage progression of surface water warming during interstadial warm events is proposed, with initial warming related to the northward advection of a thin warm surface layer within the North Atlantic Current, which only extended into deeper surface layers as the interstadial progressed. Benthic foraminifera isotope data also show millennial-scale oscillations but of a different structure to the abrupt surface water changes. These changes are argued to partly be related to the influence of low-salinity deepwater brines. The influence of deepwater brines over the site of MD95-2006 reached a maximum at times of rapid warming of surface waters. This observation supports the suggestion that brine formation may have helped to destabilize the accumulation of warm, saline surface waters at low latitudes, helping to force the MOC into a warm mode of operation. The contribution of deepwater brines relative to other mechanisms proposed to alter the state of the MOC needs to be examined further in future studies.

(Table T1) Permeabilities and bulk properties of ODP Hole 191-1179C

One of the objectives of drilling at Site 1179 was to search for microbes or biochemical evidence of microbial activity as part of the ongoing exploration of the depth and extent of the deep biosphere. The existence of living microbes has not been confirmed, but the chemistry of pore waters from the site, such as sulfate and ammonium profiles, is consistent with sulfate reduction and nitrification by anaerobic bacteria. However, chemical profiles are affected by the movement of molecules and ions through porous sediments by diffusion and advection. Permeability is thus an important consideration in the interpretation of pore water chemistry profiles. Moreover, diatomaceous sediments have some unique and, as yet, poorly understood physical properties. The purpose of this research is to measure hydraulic conductivity (permeability) in a suite of sediment samples from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1179 by the transient-pulse method. The sample set consists of four diatom ooze samples from Unit I, one radiolarian ooze sample from Unit II, and one pelagic clay sample from Unit III. The permeability of the clay is 1.92 µd, whereas the permeabilities of the overlying radiolarian and diatom oozes range from 289 to 1604 µd. Among these samples, permeability increases with porosity and grain size, in keeping with the results of previous studies.

(Table 1) Mean sizes of Hydrobia ulvae juveniles in the littoral zone of the Chernaya Inlet (Kandalaksha Bay, White Sea) in July-September 1995

Based on observations and experiments carried out within the White Sea silty-sandy littoral zone in 1994-1997 data on biology of development and behavior of Hydrobia ulvae juveniles over water column and in sediments were obtained. Hydrobiid juveniles 0.125-0.150 mm in size appear in plankton during the second half of June and in two to three weeks they precipitate on sediments reaching 0.300-0.350 mm in size. Specific biological features of the White Sea hydrobiids are a short reproductive period and a short period of juvenile growth related to long under-ice time and decelerated warming of shallow waters. Distribution of juvenile individuals of H. ulvae is primarily determined by hydrodynamics and microtopography of the littoral zone. Redistribution of the juveniles permanently takes place, since all size groups of the juveniles are equally subjected to migration. During the first few weeks after settling mortality of juvenile mudsnails is 85%.

Dinoflagellate cyst accumulation rates of ODP Hole 146-893A from Santa Barbara Basin

The dinoflagellate cyst record from Ocean Drilling Program Hole 893A, Santa Barbara Basin, southern California, is examined at millennial-scale resolution for the past 40 kyr. Changes in cyst abundance, composition of cyst assemblages, and their diversity reflect major shifts in climate and ocean circulation in the region over this time interval. Throughout the sequence, dinoflagellate cyst assemblages are dominated by heterotrophic dinoflagellates. Brigantedinium spp. and other upwelling-related taxa such as Echinidinium and Protoperidinium americanum are abundant, indicating the continued influence of coastal upwelling on the basin during the late Quaternary. A significant increase in cyst accumulation rates is seen during the Holocene and, to a lesser extent, during shorter warming events such as Bolling/Allerod and Dansgaard-Oeschger interstadials, implying enhanced marine productivity during these periods. Cyst diversity is high during the Holocene. An increase in abundance of cysts produced by autotrophic dinoflagellates in the late Holocene suggests enhanced input of warm, nutrient-rich waters. In contrast, cyst assemblages from the Last Glacial Maximum exhibit a relatively low diversity and an increase in the cysts of heterotrophic dinoflagellates, in particular Selenopemphix nephroides. The presence of this taxon in association with Brigantedinium spp. implies substantial cooling of surface waters in the Santa Barbara Basin at that time.

Pliocene-Pleistocene carbon isotope record of foraminifera from DSDP Site 89-586

Oceanographic changes in the western equatorial Pacific during the past 6 m.y. are inferred from carbon isotopic analyses of planktonic and benthic foraminifers from Ontong Java Plateau (DSDP Site 586). Sample spacing is 1.5 m (ca. 35,000-75,000 yr). An overall trend of d13C toward lighter values is evident for the last 5 m.y. in all four foraminiferal taxa analyzed (G. sacculifer, Pulleniatina, P. wuellerstorfi, and O. umbonatus). This trend is interpreted as an enrichment of the global ocean with 12C, because of the addition of carbon from organic carbon reservoirs (or lack of removal of carbon to such reservoirs), as a consequence of an overall drop in sea level. Differences between shallow- and deep-water d13C decrease slightly during this time interval, suggesting a moderate drop in productivity. This drop is not sufficient to explain the drop in sedimentation rate, however, much of which apparently must be ascribed to winnowing effects. A marked convergence in the d13C values of planktonic taxa exists within the last 2 m.y. We propose that this convergence indicates nutrient depletion in thermocline waters, caused by the vigorous removal of phosphate in marginal upwelling regions, or by the stripping of intermediate waters in their source regions. No large shifts are seen in the carbon isotope record of the last 6 m.y., in contrast to the oxygen isotope record. Some indication of cyclicity is present, with a period between 0.5 and 1.0 m.y. (especially in the earlier portion of the record).

Compilation of Mg/Ca ratios of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) and SST estimates from the northern North Atlantic

A map of estimated calcification temperatures of the planktic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral (TNps) for the Nordic Seas and the northern North Atlantic for the Last Glacial Maximum was produced from oxygen isotopes with support of Mg/Ca ratios. To arrive at the reconstruction, several constraints concerning the plausible salinity and ?18O-fields were employed. The reconstruction indicates inflow of temperate waters in a wedge along the eastern border of the Nordic Seas and at least seasonally ice-free waters. The reconstruction from oxygen isotopes shows similarities with Mg/Ca based paleotemperatures in the southern and southeastern sector, while unrealistically high Mg/Ca values in the central Nordic Seas prevent the application of the method in this area. The oxygen isotope based reconstruction shows some agreement with temperature reconstructions based on the modern analogue technique, but with somewhat lower temperatures and a stronger internal gradient inside the Nordic Seas. All told, our results suggest a much more ice-free and dynamic high latitude ocean than the CLIMAP reconstruction.

X-ray fluorescence scannings, diatoms, and dinocyst of ODP Site 189-1172

Eocene sediments drilled at the East Tasman Plateau (ETP) exhibit well-defined cycles, high-resolution magnetic stratigraphy, and environmentally-controlled dinoflagellate and diatom distribution patterns. We derive a cyclostratigraphy from the spectral analysis of high-resolution elemental concentration records (Ca, Fe) for this shallow marine time series spanning the middle to early late Eocene (C16n.2n - C21). Changes in carbonate content, the ratio between Gonyaulacoid and Peridinioid dinocysts, and relative abundance of "oligotrophic" diatoms serve as proxies for a high-resolution climatic and sea-level history with high values representing high sea-level stands and decreased eutrophy of surface waters. Changing ratios between high latitude dinocysts versus cosmopolitan species provide clues on sea surface temperature trends and water mass exchange. Our results show that the relatively shallow-water middle Eocene environments of the ETP are influenced by orbitally-forced climatic cycles superimposed on third order relative sea-level changes. Changes in the dominance of Milankovitch frequency at ~38.6 Ma (late Eocene) is related to an initial deepening-step within the Tasmanian Gateway prior to the major deepening during the middle late Eocene (~35.5 Ma). Decreasing sedimentation rates at 38 Ma and 37.2 Ma reflect winnowing associated with sea-level fall. This episode is followed by renewed transgression. Dinocyst distribution patterns indicate high latitude, probably cool temperate surface water conditions throughout, with the exception of a sudden surge in cosmopolitan species near the base of subchron C18.2r, at ~41 Ma; this event is tentatively correlated to the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum.

Water-powers of Canada,

Appendices: Boundary Waters Treaty of 1909.--Bed of Navigable Waters Act, Ontario.--Electricity and Fluid Exportation Act, Canada.--Regulations under the Electricity and Fluid Exportation Act.--Form of license to export power, Canada.

Digest of data collected before the year 1908, relating to the sanitary condition of New York harbor.

section I. Investigations made by the New York Bay pollution commission in 1904 and 1906.--section II. Investigations made by the Metropolitan sewrage commission in 1907.--section III. Investigations made by the Department of water supply, gas and electricity of the city of New York in 1904 and 1905.--section IV. Investigastions made by C. F. Breitzke in 1906 of the sanitary condition of Gowanus canal.--section V. Investigation of the waters of the lower Hudson River by the Burr-Hering-Freeman commission in 1903.--section VI. Investigation of the condition of the Passaic River by Messrs. Hazen and Whipple in 1906.

Determining resource quality and potential reasons for impairment of Illinois streams, inland lakes, and Lake Michigan : (Methods used for 2002 305(b) reporting).

According to Section 305(b) of the Clean Water Act (i.e. a generic name that refers to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, the Clean Water Act of 1977, and subsequent amendments) and guidance provided by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), each state must prepare and submit annually to the U.S. Congress and the USEPA report that describes the resource quality of the surface waters of the state. Every other year, this report, commonly referred to as the "305(b) report," must be provided in written form, whereas in alternate years each state may submit an electronic database to meet the reporting requirement. In the 305(b) report, states must also explain how they determined the resource quality of the waters of the state in terms of the degree to which predefined beneficial uses of those waters are supported. Also, in the 305(b) report when any designated use for any water body is not fully supported, the state must report potential reasons for the impairment. Herein, is explained how the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency determines the resource quality of Illinois streams, inland lakes, and Lake Michigan.

The life work of Henri René Guy de Maupassant, embracing romance, travel, comedy and verse, for the first time complete in English.

Library has number 378.

Songs of Ireland : 100 most popular Irish songs /

For voice and piano.

Wildlife and America : contributions to an understanding of American wildlife and its conservation /

Cosponsored by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Forest Service, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.