937 resultados para Derivative instruments
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2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 35A15, 44A15, 26A33
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2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 26A33, 33C60, 44A15, 35K55
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Mathematics Subject Classification: 26A33, 34A37.
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2000 Math. Subject Classification: 26A33; 33E12, 33E30, 44A15, 45J05
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Mathematics Subject Classification: 33D60, 33E12, 26A33
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AMS Subj. Classification: MSC2010: 11F72, 11M36, 58J37
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Mathematics Subject Classification 2010: 35M10, 35R11, 26A33, 33C05, 33E12, 33C20.
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Exercises involving the calculation of the derivative of piecewise defined functions are common in calculus, with the aim of consolidating beginners’ knowledge of applying the definition of the derivative. In such exercises, the piecewise function is commonly made up of two smooth pieces joined together at one point. A strategy which avoids using the definition of the derivative is to find the derivative function of each smooth piece and check whether these functions agree at the chosen point. Showing that this strategy works together with investigating discontinuities of the derivative is usually beyond a calculus course. However, we shall show that elementary arguments can be used to clarify the calculation and behaviour of the derivative for piecewise functions.
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A method of accurately controlling the position of a mobile robot using an external large volume metrology (LVM) instrument is presented in this article. By utilising an LVM instrument such as a laser tracker or indoor GPS (iGPS) in mobile robot navigation, many of the most difficult problems in mobile robot navigation can be simplified or avoided. Using the real-time position information from the laser tracker, a very simple navigation algorithm, and a low cost robot, 5mm repeatability was achieved over a volume of 30m radius. A surface digitisation scan of a wind turbine blade section was also demonstrated, illustrating possible applications of the method for manufacturing processes. Further, iGPS guidance of a small KUKA omni-directional robot has been demonstrated, and a full scale prototype system is being developed in cooperation with KUKA Robotics, UK. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.
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A tanulmány az Európai Unió strukturális és kohéziós alapjaiból létrehozott pénzügyi eszközök szerepét és perspektíváit elemzi. A téma aktualitását adja, hogy jelenleg zajlik a 2014–2020-as uniós költségvetési és programozási időszak előkészítése, amelynek során a pénzügyi eszközök az uniós elképzelések szerint az eddigieknél lényegesen jelentősebb szerepet játszanak majd. A szerző áttekinti a kohéziós politika keretében működő pénzügyi eszközök jelenlegi rendszerének legfőbb jellemzőit, bemutatja azokat a gyökeres változásokat, amelyek 2014-től kezdődően várhatóan jellemezni fogják a kapcsolódó szabályozási környezetet, végül pedig ismerteti a gyakorlatban működő jelentősebb programokat, amelyek referenciapontként is használhatók a programok tervezése során. _____ The paper examines the role and perspectives of financial instruments established from the structural and cohesion funds of the European Union. Hungary is one of the most significant beneficiaries of the structural and cohesion funds, therefore the interested national actors should know well the new support forms, in order to use them successfully in the next programming period. The article gives an overview about the current structure of financial instruments in the framework of the cohesion policy. The comprehensive changes of the regulatory environment expected from 2014 are also presented, and finally the major instruments in practice will be reviewed, that can serve as reference points in planning of future programmes.
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Although risk management can be justified by financial distress, the theoretical models usually contain hedging instruments free of funding risk. In practice, management of the counterparty risk in derivative transactions is of enhanced importance, consequently not only is trading on exchanges subject to the presence of a margin account, but also in bilateral (OTC) agreements parties will require margins or collateral from their partners in order to hedge the mark-tomarket loss of the transaction. The aim of this paper is to present and compare two models where the financing need of the hedging instrument also appears, influencing the hedging strategy and the optimal hedging ratio. Both models contain the same source of risk and optimisation criterion, but the liquidity risk is modelled in different ways. In the first model, there is no additional financing resource that can be used to finance the margin account in case of a margin call, which entails the risk of liquidation of the hedging position. In the second model, the financing is available but a given credit spread is to be paid for this, so hedging can become costly.
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Peripheral nerves have demonstrated the ability to bridge gaps of up to 6 mm. Peripheral Nerve System injury sites beyond this range need autograft or allograft surgery. Central Nerve System cells do not allow spontaneous regeneration due to the intrinsic environmental inhibition. Although stem cell therapy seems to be a promising approach towards nerve repair, it is essential to use the distinct three-dimensional architecture of a cell scaffold with proper biomolecule embedding in order to ensure that the local environment can be controlled well enough for growth and survival. Many approaches have been developed for the fabrication of 3D scaffolds, and more recently, fiber-based scaffolds produced via the electrospinning have been garnering increasing interest, as it offers the opportunity for control over fiber composition, as well as fiber mesh porosity using a relatively simple experimental setup. All these attributes make electrospun fibers a new class of promising scaffolds for neural tissue engineering. Therefore, the purpose of this doctoral study is to investigate the use of the novel material PGD and its derivative PGDF for obtaining fiber scaffolds using the electrospinning. The performance of these scaffolds, combined with neural lineage cells derived from ESCs, was evaluated by the dissolvability test, Raman spectroscopy, cell viability assay, real time PCR, Immunocytochemistry, extracellular electrophysiology, etc. The newly designed collector makes it possible to easily obtain fibers with adequate length and integrity. The utilization of a solvent like ethanol and water for electrospinning of fibrous scaffolds provides a potentially less toxic and more biocompatible fabrication method. Cell viability testing demonstrated that the addition of gelatin leads to significant improvement of cell proliferation on the scaffolds. Both real time PCR and Immunocytochemistry analysis indicated that motor neuron differentiation was achieved through the high motor neuron gene expression using the metabolites approach. The addition of Fumaric acid into fiber scaffolds further promoted the differentiation. Based on the results, this newly fabricated electrospun fiber scaffold, combined with neural lineage cells, provides a potential alternate strategy for nerve injury repair.
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El presente trabajo estudia la viabilidad a la hora de aplicar un modelo de programación basado en la extracción de paralelismo a nivel de tareas sobre distintas arquitecturas heterogéneas basadas en un procesador multinúcleo de propósito general acelerado con uno o más aceleradores hardware. Se ha implementado una aplicación completa cuyo objetivo es la detección de bordes en una imagen (implementando el Algoritmo de Canny), y se ha evaluado en detalle su rendimiento sobre distintos tipos de arquitecturas, incluyendo CPUs multinúcleo de última generación, sistemas multi-GPU y una arquitectura objetivo basada en procesadores ARM Cortex-A15 acelerados mediante un DSP C66x de la compañía Texas Instruments. Los resultados experimentales demuestran la viabilidad de este tipo de implementación también para arquitecturas heterogéneas novedosas como esta última, e ilustran la facilidad de programación que introduce este tipo de modelos de programación sobre arquitecturas de propósito específico.
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