947 resultados para DIMETALLOFULLERENES SC-2-AT-C-84
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A new compact system encompassing in flow gas diffusion unit and a wall-jet amperometric FIA detector, coated with a supramolecular porphyrin film, was specially designed as an alternative to the time-consuming Monier-Williams method, allowing fast, reproducible and accurate analyses of free sulphite species in fruit juices. In fact, a linear response between 0.64 and 6.4 ppm of sodium sulphite. LOD = 0.043 ppm, relative standard deviation of +/- 1.5% (n = 10) and analytical frequency of 85 analyses/h were obtained utilising optimised conditions. That superior analytical performance allows the precise evaluation of the amount of free sulphite present in foods, providing an important comparison between the standard addition and the standard injection methods. Although the first one is most frequently used, it was strongly influenced by matrix effects because of the unexpected reactivity of sulphite ions with the juice matrixes, leading to its partial consumption soon after addition. In contrast, the last method was not susceptible to matrix effects yielding accurate results, being more reliable for analytical purposes. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Two porous mixed valent diruthenium(II,III)-dicarboxylate compounds have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry. Crystalline solids of [Ru(2)(tere)(2)Cl] center dot 3.5H(2)O (tere=terephthalate) and [Ru(2)(adip)(2)Cl] center dot 1.5H(2)O (adip=adipate) consist of extended chains in which polymeric layers of multiply metal-metal bonded [Ru(2)](5+) cores are bridged by dicarboxylate ligands in paddlewheel type geometries. Units of [Ru(2)(dicarboxylate)(2)](n)(+) are linked by axial bridging chloride ions generating three-dimensional networks. The polymers loose non-bonded water molecules at low temperatures but do not undergo thermal decomposition below 280-300 degrees C. Both of compounds exhibit high BET surface areas, [Ru(2)(tere)(2)Cl]: 235 m(2) g(-1) and [Ru(2)(adip)(2)Cl]: 281 m(2) g(-1), and occlude similar numbers of mol of N(2) per mol of metal. The terephthalate ligand generated an organized structure with supermicropores (total pore size of 0.24 cm(3) g(-1)) while the adipate ligand led to a mesoporous structure (total pore sizes of 0.47 cm(3) g(-1)) for the corresponding diruthenium(II,III)-dicarboxylate polymers. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Reaction of organotellurides with easily available organometallics leads to a fast and clean tellurium/metal exchange reaction, allowing the preparation of a range of functionalized organometallics with C-sp(3), C-sp(2), and C-sp hybridization carbanionic centers. Some synthetic applications of the tellurium/metal exchange reactions are discussed.
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Hybrid photocatalysts based on an adsorbent SiMgOx and a photocatalyst TiO(2) were developed in a plate shape. The ceramic surface was coated with TiO(2) by the slip-casting technique. The effect of the support in the photocatalytic degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) was analyzed by modifying TiO(2) loading and the layer thickness. Photocatalysts were characterised by N(2) adsorption-desorption, mercury intrusion porosimetry, SEM, UV-vis spectroscopy and XRD. A direct relationship between the TiO(2) content and the photocatalytic activity was observed up to three layers of TiO(2) (0.66 wt.%). Our results indicate that intermediate species generated on the TiO(2) layer can migrate through relatively long distances to react with the OH(-) surface groups of the support. By increasing the TiO(2) loading of the photocatalyst two effects were observed: trichloroethylene conversion is enhanced, while the efficiency of the oxidation process is decreased at expenses of increasing the selectivity to COCl(2) and dichloroacetylchloride (DCAC). The results are discussed in terms of the layer thickness, TiO(2) amount, TCE conversion and CO(2), and COCl(2) selectivity. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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The performance of noble metal (Pt, Ru, Ir)-promoted Co/MgAl(2)O(4) catalysts for the steam reforming of ethanol was investigated. The catalysts were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Xray diffraction, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, temperature-programmed reduction, temperature-programmed oxidation and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). The results showed that the formation of inactive cobalt aluminate was suppressed by the presence of a MgAl(2)O(4) spinel phase. The effects of the noble metals included a marked lowering of the reduction temperatures of the cobalt surface species interacting with the support. It was seen that the addition of noble metal stabilized the Co sites in the reduced state throughout the reaction. Catalytic performance was enhanced in the promoted catalysts, particularly CoRu/MgAl(2)O(4), which showed the highest selectivity for H(2) production. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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La(1-x)Ce(x)NiO(3) perovskites have been prepared, characterized by XRD. TPR and surface area and tested as catalysts for CO-PROx, with a feed of 2.5% CO, 5% O(2), 33% H(2) and N(2) to 100%. The samples exhibited an XRD pattern typical of the perovskite, with traces of NiO in the LaNiO(3) and La(0.95)Ce(0.05)NiO(3) samples, with some La(2)NiO(4) in the La(0.90)Ce(0.10)NiO(3) sample. All samples were active, but the perovskites with cerium showed good catalytic activity, demonstrating the promoter effect of cerium. The highest conversion of CO and H(2) was obtained with La(0.95)Ce(0.05)NiO(3), probably due to a synergy between Ni and Ce that enhanced O(2) mobility. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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The synthesis and characterization of some pyrazoline compounds of 1,3-diketones with hydrazine derivatives, namely, 1-(S-benzyldithiocarbazate)-3-methyl-5-phenyl-5-hydroxypyrazoline (1); 1-(2-thiophenecarboxylic)-3-methyl-5-phenyl-5-hydroxypyrazoline (2); 1-(2-thiophenecarboxylic)-3,5-dimethyl-5-hydroxypyrazoline (3); 1-(S-benzyldithiocarbazato)-3-methyl-5-phenylpyrazole (4); 1-(2-thiophenecarboxylic)-3-methyl-5-phenylpyrazole (5) and 1-(S-benzyldithiocarbazate)-3,5-dimethylpyrazole (6) are reported. Studies by IR, ((1)H, (13)C)-NMR spectroscopies and single crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that compounds (1)(,) (2) and (3) are formed as pyrazoline, whereas (4) and (5) are formed as pyrazole derivatives only under acidic conditions. Compound (1) crystallizes in orthorhombic P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 6.38960(10) angstrom, b = 12.9176(3) angstrom, c = 21.2552(5) angstrom, (2) crystallizes in monoclinic, P2(1)/n, a = 11.3617(2) angstrom, b = 8.4988(2) angstrom, c = 92.8900(10)angstrom and beta = 92.8900(5)degrees, (3) crystallizes in monoclinic, C2/c, a = 15.9500(5) angstrom, b = 9.3766(3) angstrom, c = 16.6910(5)angstrom and beta = 113.825(2)degrees, (4) crystallizes in monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 15.228(4) angstrom, b = 5.5714(13) angstrom, c = 19.956(5)angstrom and beta = 91.575(7)degrees and (6) crystallizes in orthorhombic, P2(1)2(1)2(1), a = 5.3920(2) angstrom, b = 11.2074(5) angstrom, c = 21.885(1)angstrom . The (3) derivative represents the first pyrazoline compound prepared from 2,4-pentanedione and characterized crystallographically.
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This report describes the work done creating a computer model of a kombi tank from Consolar. The model was created with Presim/Trnsys and Fittrn and DF were used to identify the parameters. Measurements were carried out and were used to identify the values of the parameters in the model. The identifications were first done for every circuit separately. After that, all parameters are normally identified together using all the measurements. Finally the model should be compared with other measurements, preferable realistic ones. The two last steps have not yet been carried out, because of problems finding a good model for the domestic hot water circuit.The model of the domestic hot water circuit give relatively good results for low flows at 5 l/min, but is not good for higher flows. In the report suggestions for improving the model are given. However, there was not enough time to test this within the project as much time was spent trying to solve problems with the model crashing. Suggestions for improving the model for the domestic circuit are given in chapter 4.4. The improved equations that are to be used in the improved model are given by equation 4.18, 4.19 and 4.22.Also for the boiler circuit and the solar circuit there are improvements that can be done. The model presented here has a few shortcomings, but with some extra work, an improved model can be created. In the attachment (Bilaga 1) is a description of the used model and all the identified parameters.A qualitative assessment of the store was also performed based on the measurements and the modelling carried out. The following summary of this can be given: Hot Water PreparationThe principle for controlling the flow on the primary side seems to work well in order to achieve good stratification. Temperatures in the bottom of the store after a short use of hot water, at a coldwater temperature of 12°C, was around 28-30°C. This was almost independent of the temperature in the store and the DHW-flow.The measured UA-values of the heat exchangers are not very reliable, but indicates that the heat transfer rates are much better than for the Conus 500, and in the same range as for other stores tested at SERC.The function of the mixing valve is not perfect (see diagram 4.3, where Tout1 is the outlet hot water temperature, and Tdhwo and Tdhw1 is the inlet temperature to the hot and cold side of the valve respectively). The outlet temperature varies a lot with different temperatures in the storage and is going down from 61°C to 47°C before the cold port is fully closed. This gives a problem to find a suitable temperature setting and gives also a risk that the auxiliary heating is increased instead of the set temperature of the valve, when the hot water temperature is to low.Collector circuitThe UA-value of the collector heat exchanger is much higher than the value for Conus 500, and in the same range as the heat exchangers in other stores tested at SERC.Boiler circuitThe valve in the boiler circuit is used to supply water from the boiler at two different heights, depending on the temperature of the water. At temperatures from the boiler above 58.2°C, all the water is injected to the upper inlet. At temperatures below 53.9°C all the water is injected to the lower inlet. At 56°C the water flow is equally divided between the two inlets. Detailed studies of the behaviour at the upper inlet shows that better accuracy of the model would have been achieved using three double ports in the model instead of two. The shape of the upper inlet makes turbulence, that could be modelled using two different inlets. Heat lossesThe heat losses per m3 are much smaller for the Solus 1050, than for the Conus 500 Storage. However, they are higher than those for some good stores tested at SERC. The pipes that are penetrating the insulation give air leakage and cold bridges, which could be a major part of the losses from the storage. The identified losses from the bottom of the storage are exceptionally high, but have less importance for the heat losses, due to the lower temperatures in the bottom. High losses from the bottom can be caused by air leakage through the insulation at the pipe connections of the storage.
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Background: Acupuncture involves puncturing the skin with thin sterile needles at defined acupuncture points. Previous studies are inconclusive regarding the effect of acupuncture on labour pain, but some studies have found a reduction in the use of pharmacological pain relief when acupuncture is administered. The appropriate dose of acupuncture treatment required to elicit a potential effect on labour pain has not been fully explored. The dose is determined by many different factors, including the number of needles used and the intensity of the stimulation. In Sweden, manual stimulation of the needles is common practice when acupuncture is used for labour pain, but electrical stimulation of the needles, which gives a higher dose, could possibly be more effective. The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture with manual stimulation (MA) of the needles as well as acupuncture with a combination of manual and electrical stimulation (EA) in reducing labour pain, compared with standard care without any form of acupuncture (SC). Methods: The study was designed as a three-armed randomised controlled trial in which 303 nulliparous women with normal pregnancies were randomised to MA, EA, or SC. The primary outcome was labour pain, assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Secondary outcomes were relaxation during labour, use of obstetric pain relief, and associations between maternal characteristics and labour pain and use of epidural analgesia respectively. Also, labour and infant outcomes, recollection of labour pain, and maternal experiences, such as birth experience and experience of the midwife, were investigated two months after the birth. The sample size calculation was based on the potential to discover a difference of 15 mm on the VAS. Data were collected during labour before the interventions, the day after birth, and two months later. Besides using the VAS, information was collected by means of study specific protocol, questionnaires and medical records. Results: The mean VAS scores were 66.4 in the MA group, 68.5 in the EA group, and 69.0 in the SC group (mean differences: MA vs. SC 2.6 95% CI -1.7 to 6.9, and EA vs. SC 0.6 95% CI -3.6 to 4.8). Other methods of pain relief were used less frequently in the EA group, including epidural analgesia, MA 61.4%, EA 46%, and SC 69.9%. (EA vs. SC OR 0.4 95% CI 0.2 to 0.7). No statistically significant differences were found in the recollection of labour pain between the three groups two months after birth (mean VAS score: MA 69.3, EA 68.7 and SC 70.1). A few maternal characteristics were associated with labour pain (age, dysmenorrhea, and cervix dilatation), but none of the investigated characteristics predicted the outcome of the acupuncture treatment in MA or EA. Women in the EA group experienced acupuncture as being effective for labour pain to a higher extent than women who received MA, MA 44.4%, EA 67.1% (EA vs. MA OR 2.4 95% CI 1.2 to 4.8). Women in the EA group also spent less time in labour (mean 500 min) than those who received MA (mean 619 min) and SC (mean 615 min) (EA vs. MA HR 1.4 95% CI 1.0 to1.9, EA vs. SC HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.0), and had less blood loss than women receiving SC, (EA vs. SC OR 0.1 95% CI 0.3 to 0.7). The women’s assessment of the midwife as being supportive during labour (MA 77.2%, EA 83.5%, SC 80%), overall satisfaction with midwife care (MA 100%, EA 97.5%, SC 98.7%), and having an overall positive childbirth experience (MA 64.6%, EA 61.0%, SC 54.3%) did not differ statistically. No serious side effects of the acupuncture treatment were reported. Conclusion: Acupuncture, regardless of type of stimulation, did not differ from standard care without acupuncture in terms of reducing women’s experience of pain during labour, or their memory of pain and childbirth overall two months after the birth. However, other forms of obstetric pain relief were less frequent in women receiving a combination of manual and electrical stimulation, suggesting that this method could facilitate coping with labour pain.
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As adições pozolânicas vêm sendo adicionadas ao concreto com o objetivo de melhorar as características de resistência mecânica e de durabilidade. Entre estas adições encontra-se a sílica ativa, resíduo oriundo da produção de ligas a base de silício. A sílica ativa apresenta como características alta reatividade, tamanho reduzido das partículas e alta superfície específica, agindo no concreto de duas maneiras: transformando o Ca(OH)2 em C-S-H e densificando a matriz de cimento. Apresenta como efeitos benéficos o aumento da resistência mecânica e redução da penetração de íons cloreto e água. Contudo, em função do consumo de Ca(OH)2, o pH da fase líquida dos poros é reduzido, o que pode prejudicar o comportamento do concreto em relação à carbonatação, existindo uma polêmica em torno do assunto. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar aspectos de porosidade e aspectos químicos do comportamento da sílica ativa, em concretos e argamassas, em relação à carbonatação. Para tanto empregou-se relações água/aglomerante entre 0,35 e 0,80 e teores de adição de sílica ativa, em relação à massa de cimento, até 20%. Os resultados indicam um comportamento distinto das adições conforme a relação água/aglomerante Até o limite de 0,45-0,50, a carbonatação nestes materiais é regida pela porosidade e o consumo de Ca(OH)2 não apresenta efeitos significativos na carbonatação e, a partir deste limite, o consumo de Ca(OH)2 passa a ser significativo. Paralelamente, foi estudada resistência à compressão e absorção de água. A relação entre profundidade de carbonatação com estas propriedades apresenta uma correlação direta apenas para os concretos sem adição.
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A cidade de Porto Alegre, devido à localização, abriga espécies vegetais procedente de dois corredores principais: o corredor Atlântico e o corredor do Alto Uruguai. Os morros graníticos sobressaem-se na paisagem porto-alegrense abrigando matas nas suas encostas sul e campos nos topos e encostas nortes, devido às condições criadas pela exposição solar diferenciada. O Morro Santana, com 311 metros é o mais alto deles. Com o objetivo de caracterizar a composição e a estrutura e aspectos da dinâmica de regeneração desta mata, é realizada amostragem do componente arbóreo-arbustivo, dividindo-se os indivíduos em três componentes, de acordo com suas medidas de alturas e de DAP (diâmetro à altura do peito): Componente 3 (0,20 m ≤ h < 1 m); Componente 2 (h ≥ 1 m e DAP < 3 cm) e Componente 1 (DAP≥ 3 cm), sendo que, para a estimativa de regeneração natural por classes e total (RN e RNT), a qual é dada em porcentagem, os componentes 2 e 3 foram distribuídos em três classes de altura: Classe 1 (0,20m ≤ h < 1m); Classe 2 (1m ≤ h < 3m); Classe 3 ( h ≥ 3m e DAP < 5cm).O método utilizado é o de parcelas de 100 m2 (Componente1), 25 m2 (Componente 2), e 4 m2 (Componente 3). Através do software MULVA 5, foram realizadas análises de agrupamento e ordenação (PCoA) para os três componentes. O levantamento resultou em: 505 indivíduos, pertencentes a 63 espécies, 51 gêneros e 30 famílias no Componente 1; 470 indivíduos, distribuídos em 44 espécies, 33 gêneros e 19 famílias no Componente 2; 191 indivíduos, distribuídos em 30 espécies, 26 gêneros e 18 famílias no Componente 3. No Componente 1 destacam-se Guapira opposita (Nyctaginaceae), Pachystroma longifolium (Euphorbiaceae) e Eugenia rostrifolia (Myrtaceae). Nos Componentes 2 e 3 destacam-se Psychotria leiocarpa e Faramea montevidensis (Rubiaceae), Mollinedia elegans (Monimiaceae) e Gymnanthes concolor (Euphorbiaceae). A composição florística nos três componentes, em ordem decrescente de importância, foi dada por espécies de ampla distribuição, espécies Atlânticas e espécies do Alto Uruguai. As espécies secundárias perfizeram a maioria absoluta da amostra nos três componentes, sendo que as secundárias tardias superaram as secundárias inicias. As espécies pioneiras foram infimamente representadas nos três componentes inventariados. Quanto às síndromes de dispersão, mais de 80 por cento das espécies de ambos os componentes apresentou síndrome zoocórica. O restante das espécies apresenta as síndromes autocórica e anemocórica em proporções semelhantes.A análise fitossociológica indicou tratar-se de uma mata baixa, sem estratificação definida, com dominância de um número reduzido de espécies de ocorrência comum na região, sendo que a grande maioria das espécies conbribui com um ou dois indivíduos. A diversidade específica (H’) foi estimada em 3,30 (Componente 1); 2,81 (Componente 2) e 2,86 (Componente3) e a equabilidade (J’) em 0,80 (Componente 1) ; 0,74 (Componente 2) e 0,84 (Componente 3). As análises de agrupamento e de ordenação não evidenciaram diferenças entre as unidades de amostragem da borda e aquelas do interior da mata. Os maiores valores na estimativa de regeneração natural total (RNT) foram concentrados pelas espécies de sub-bosque com maiores densidades e freqüência (Psychotria leiocarpa, Faramea montevidensis, Mollinedia elegans e Gymnanthes concolor). Os representantes que compõem o dossel da mata com maiores valores de regeneration foram: Guapira opposita, Eugenia rostrifolia e Cupania vernalis (Sapindaceae). Os resultados da estimativa de regeneração natural indicaram que a maioria das espécies parece estar obtendo sucesso quanto ao recrutamento de novos indivíduos, o que remete a um bom estado de conservação da mata, a qual, permanecendo as condições atuais, deverá no futuro manter uma composição florística semelhante a atual.
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Introdução: A hipertensão é fator de risco importante para doenças cardiovasculares, mas o controle da pressão arterial é insatisfatório. Um dos motivos para o controle inadequado é a fraca adesão entre os pacientes que recebem antihipertensivos, parcialmente explicada pela ocorrência de eventos adversos. A incidência de eventos adversos chega a 28% em ensaios clínicos, mas a real magnitude do problema na prática assistencial é pouco conhecida. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo de coorte prospectivamente planejado, acompanhada de 1989 a 2000, no ambulatório de hipertensão arterial do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (Divisão de Cardiologia e Farmacologia Clínica do HCPA). Os objetivos foram, determinar a incidência de eventos adversos (EA) relacionadas à terapia anti-hipertensiva, referidos por pacientes hipertensos, descrever os EA mais freqüentes e os fatores de risco para ocorrência de EA. Em cada consulta, os pacientes eram indagados sobre a presença de evento adverso e, no caso de resposta positiva, era aplicada uma lista dirigida a eventos adversos específicos. Resultados: De 1957 pacientes da coorte, 1508 preencheram os critérios de inclusão e foram seguidos por 12,3 ± 12,2 meses (mediana, 10 meses), resultando em 18548 pacientes/mês. Entre todos os pacientes incluídos, 534 (35,4%) apresentaram pelo menos uma queixa de evento adverso durante o acompanhamento, resultando em 28,8 pacientes com EA /1000 pacientes/mês (IC 95% 26,4 a 31,3). Entre os pacientes em tratamento farmacológico (1366), a incidência foi de 31,3 pacientes com EA /1000 pacientes/mês (IC 95% 28,6 a 33,9) e, entre aqueles em uso de monoterapia, de 29,6 pacientes com EA /1000 pacientes / mês ( IC 95% 22,3 a 36,9). Os pacientes em uso de mais de um anti-hipertensivo apresentaram risco relativo bruto para eventos adversos de 2,10 (IC 95% 1,67 a 2,63). Houve associação entre a classe do anti-hipertensivo usado em monoterapia e a ocorrência de eventos adversos em algum momento do seguimento (P < 0,001), os quais foram mais freqüentes com bloqueadores dos canais de cálcio comparados aos tiazídicos e betabloqueadores. Entre as queixas específicas, tontura (P = 0,007), cefaléia (P = 0,003) e problemas sexuais (P= 0,045) foram mais freqüentes no primeiro grupo. Conclusões: O presente estudo descreveu a incidência de eventos adversos em uma coorte de pacientes hipertensos de um ambulatório especializado, confirmando dados de estudos observacionais e ensaios clínicos que indicam que estes são problemas freqüentes. O uso de mais de um anti-hipertensivo aumenta significativamente o risco de eventos adversos e, entre as classes de antihipertensivos usados em monoterapia, os tiazídicos mostram-se os mais seguros.
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GOMES, Carlos E. M. et al. Effect of trypsin inhibitor from Crotalaria pallida seeds on Callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea weevil) and Ceratitis capitata (fruit fly). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (Paris), v. 43, n. 12, p. 1095-1102, 2005.ISSN 0981-9428. DOI:10.1016/j.plaphy.2005.11.004.
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O conhecimento sobre o padrão de deposição de bicos pulverizados é essencial para uma boa seleção e posicionamento dos mesmos em um equipamento pulverizador. O presente trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de se conhecer os padrões de deposição de alguns bicos pulverizadores disponíveis no mercado brasileiro. Dois ou três exemplares de cada tipo de bico foram testados em uma mesa de prova, constituída de uma chapa inclinada corrugada, construída segundo as especificações da Organização Mundial da Saúde para testes de bicos pulverizadores. Todos os bicos foram testados à pressão de 276 kN/m2 (40 libras/p ol2), com exceção dos bicos de impacto (Polijet) que foram testado s à pressão de 97 kN/m2 (14 libras/ pol 2). Ressalvando-se o pequeno número de exemplares testados por cada tipo, os resultados indicaram que: a) - existem diferenças entre a vazão estipulada pelos fabricantes e a vazão real, sendo esta diferença, acentuada para alguns casos; b) - foram observadas diferenças apreciáveis nos padrões de deposição entre as repetições nos bicos Polijet azul e Polijet vermelho (ICI) e no bico JD 14 -2 (Jacto) ; c) - os bicos 80 02 e 11003 (Spraying Systems), 80-03 e X3 (Hatsuta), JD 14-1 (Jacto) e Albuz verde (Albuz) apresentaram padrão de deposição uniforme entre as repetições; d) - considerando as variações observadas recomendam-se cuidadosos testes dos bicos, principalmente naqueles empregados nos trabalhos de experimentação, para possibilitar a escolha de um lote uniforme, para melhor controle da distribuição e dosagem dos produtos pulverizados.
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Studies with Stegasta bosquella in peanut crop are little explored by researchers, mainly by the need of obtaining, in the field, a large quantity of closed leaflets. Therefore, it was sought a way of rearing in a natural diet that facilitates the attainment of the insect. The research was developed at the Laboratorio de Resistencia de Plantas a Insetos (FCAV/Jaboticabal) (T: 25 +/- 2 degrees C, RH 60 +/- 10% and photophase: 12 hours) (Runner IAC 886). The rearing stock of was carried out by collecting caterpillars from the field and keeping them in flat bottom glass tubes until adult emergence and test performance. Caterpillars were individualized in Petri dish plates, lined with moistened filter paper, which contained closed and early opened leaflets, but closed with paper clips (imitating the closed leaflet). A randomized design with two treatments and 36 repetitions was used. After the pupae formation, they were separated into five couples and the adults were kept in transparent plastic cages containing a peanut stem with leaves for oviposition, and fed with a 10% honey solution. The duration and viability of the larval and pupal periods, male and female longevity with and without food, and fertility were evaluated. The two forms of larvae rearing (closed leaflet and leaflet closed with clips) did not influence on any of the studied parameters. Therefore, the rearing of S. bosquella becomes feasible in natural diet, which means there is no need to use the enclosed leaflets for this purpose, and implies the easiness for rearing.