898 resultados para Cultural anthropology|Educational psychology|Individual
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<p>Survival of a Perverse Nation traces the ways in which contemporary Armenian anxieties are congealing into the figure of the homosexual. As in other post-Soviet republics, homosexuality has increasingly become defined as the crisis of the times, and is understood by many as a destructive force linked to European encroachment. In Armenia, a growing right-wing nationalist movement since 2012 has been targeting LGBT and feminist activists. I suggest that this movement has arisen out of Armenias concerns regarding proper social and biological reproduction in the face of high rates of emigration of especially men in search of work. Many in the country blame this emigration on a post-Soviet oligarchy, with close ties to the government. This oligarchy, having quickly and massively privatized and liquidated industry and land during the war over the region of Nagorno-Karabagh (1990-1994) with Azerbaijan, created widespread un(der)employment. A national narrative attributing the nations survival of the 1915 Genocide and dispersion of its populations to strong morality preserved by institutions such as the Church and the family has now, in the post-Soviet era, ruptured into one of moral perversion. This dissertation is based on 15 months of ethnographic research, during which I participated in the work of two local non-governmental organizations: Public Information and Need for Knowledge, an LGBT rights organization and Womens Resource Center, a feminist organization. I also conducted interviews with 150 households across Yerevan, the capital city, and did in-depth interviews with other activists, right-wing nationalists and journalists. Through psychoanalytic frameworks, as well as studies of kinship, I show how sovereignty the longed for dream for Armenians over the last century is felt to have failed because of the moral corruption of the illegitimate figures that fill Armenian seats of authority. I, thus, examine the ways in which a missing father of the household is discursively linked to the lack of strong leadership by a corrupt government, producing a prevalent feeling of moral disintegration that nationalists displace onto the homosexual.</p>
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<p>We Are the Ones We Have Been Waiting for: Pan-African Consciousness Raising and Organizing in the United States and Venezuela, draws on fifteen months of field research accompanying organizers, participating in protests, planning/strategy meetings, state-run programs, academic conferences and everyday life in these two countries. Through comparative examination of the processes by which African Diaspora youth become radically politicized, this work deconstructs tendencies to deify political s/heroes of eras past by historicizing their ascent to political acclaim and centering the narratives of present youth leading movements for Black/African liberation across the Diaspora. I employ Manuel Callahans description of encuentros, the disruption of despotic democracy and related white middle-class hegemony through the reconstruction of the collective subject; dialogue, insurgent learning, and convivial research that allows for a collective analysis and vision to emerge while affirming local struggles to theorize the moments of encounter, specifically, the moments (in which) Black/African youth find themselves becoming politically radicalized and by what. I examine the ways in which Black/African youth organizing differs when responding to their perpetual victimization by neoliberal, genocidal state-politics in the US, and a Venezuelan state that has charged itself with the responsibility of radically improving the quality of life of all its citizens. Through comparative analysis, I suggest the vertical structures of representative democracy dominating the U.S. political climate remain unyielding to critical analyses of social stratification based on race, gender, and class as articulated by Black youth. Conversely, I contend that present Venezuelan attempts to construct and fortify more horizontal structures of popular democracy under what Hugo Chavez termed 21st Century Socialism, have resulted in social fissures, allowing for a more dynamic and hopeful negation between Afro-Venezuelan youth and the state.</p>
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Cette thse doctorale, qui prend la forme de quatre articles, est une tude corrlationnelle mettant en relation le raisonnement moral et la lgitimation des dynamiques dintimidation par les pairs chez des adolescents de 3me secondaire. Lobjectif principal poursuivi tait dexaminer la contribution de la dsensibilisation morale aux conduites adoptes par les adolescents lors dincidents dintimidation lcole. Lobjectif secondaire tait dexaminer limportance accorde respectivement des standards de conduite issus des domaines moral, conventionnel et personnel chez les adolescents impliqus dans des incidents dintimidation. Le premier article expose la problmatique de la lgitimation des dynamiques dintimidation par les jeunes en faisant tat des croyances normatives et des caractristiques des environnements scolaires qui y sont associes. Larticle discute de lcart qui sobserve entre lopposition affirme de la majorit des adolescents face aux conduites dintimidation et leur rcurrence dans les milieux scolaires et vient complter une premire section dcrivant les consquences de lintimidation pour les communauts scolaires. Le deuxime article sinscrit dans le cadre thorique de cette thse et fait tat des connaissances sur le raisonnement moral des lves impliqus dans des dynamiques dintimidation. Il prsente une explication des conduites dintimidation dans la perspective de la thorie des domaines de la connaissance sociale et dans celle de la thorie de lagentivit morale. Ces approches ont t retenues pour oprationnaliser le concept de dsensibilisation morale afin de rencontrer les objectifs de recherche poursuivis. Le troisime article rapporte la dmarche utilise pour vrifier lhypothse dune relation positive entre les conduites dintimidation et lacceptabilit dincidents dintimidation hypothtiques, de mme que lhypothse dune relation positive entre les conduites dintimidation et le dsengagement moral chez les adolescents impliqus. Le quatrime article rapporte la dmarche utilise pour examiner les justifications sociomorales mises par diffrents profils dadolescents impliqus dans des incidents dintimidation de faon associer leur conduite avec les domaines de connaissances normatives auxquels se rattachent leurs justifications. Les rsultats obtenus sont ensuite discuts au chapitre suivant afin de mettre en vidence la contribution de chacune des approches morales retenues lexplication des conduites en contexte dintimidation et les caractristiques du raisonnement moral associes aux rles adopts et des pistes dintervention sont offertes. Finalement, cette thse doctorale conclue que seul le niveau moyen de dsengagement moral, un indice global de ladhsion des croyances normatives antisociales, contribue statistiquement lexplication des conduites adoptes lors dincident dintimidation au-del du sexe des participants. Quant au raisonnement sociomoral, il informe davantage sur la faon dont les circonstances dincidents dintimidation sont relies la dsensibilisation morale des jeunes impliqus. Les adolescents qui prennent activement la dfense de pairs intimids taient caractriss par un raisonnement moral plus uniforme, tandis que le raisonnement des lves qui intimident et de ceux qui demeurent passifs tait caractris par la subordination de principes moraux, respectivement en faveur dimpratifs caractre conventionnel et dimpratifs caractre personnel.
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This article analyses the motivations for return migration among the Ecuadorians and Bolivians who, after living in Spain, returned to their countries of origin during the economic crisis that started in 2008. From the analysis of 22 interviews in-depth which took place in Ecuador and 38 in Bolivia to women, men and young people from migrant families, this decision-making process is shown to be embedded into a gendered dynamics of relationships. Particular detail is given to affective and economic elements that had an influence on the decision to return, as well as to the strategies deployed to project their readjustment back in origin. Males and females occupy differential positions within the family, work and social circle, their expectations being built in a gendered manner. Despite the fact migration has brought women greater economic power within the family group, their reintegration upon return redefines their role as main managers in the household and the dynamics that allow their social reproduction. Men, for their part, aspire to refresh their role as providers in spite of their frail labour position upon return. Social mobility for females is passed on through generations by a strong investment on education for their daughters and sons, while for males this mobility revolves around setting up family businesses and around their demonstrative abilities.
Las expectativas de los estudiantes y la calidad del servicio ofertado por la universidad de Sevilla
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En este artculo se presenta un anlisis diferencial de las expectativas de los estudiantes de la Universidad de Sevilla (Espaa), en funcin de las ramas del conocimiento, agrupadas en las dimensiones personal, universidad, curricular y docencia. Las aportaciones han sido recogidas en un cuestionario aplicado a 1082 estudiantes de las reas de humanidades, bio-sanitaria, econmica-jurdica y cientfico-tcnica, a travs de un anlisis de la varianza para la comparacin de medias (asumiendo varianzas iguales y pruebas de Scheff y Tukey). Se han contrastado los valores medios de cada rama, con el fin de determinar si las diferencias observadas resultan estadsticamente significativas. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que la dimensin personal y la de universidad son valoradas de forma similar en las cuatro ramas del conocimiento; en cambio en la dimensin curricular, las expectativas son ms favorables para la rama bio-sanitaria y, en la docencia para la rama de humanidades. En definitiva, los resultados presentan las fortalezas y las debilidades en las dimensiones consideradas y permiten extraer conclusiones de las que derivan indicadores de inters para la mejora de la comunidad universitaria.
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This research analyses the degree of satisfaction of a sample of 874 students from University Programmes for adults and elderly, from Spain. The investigation is framed along the lines of positive psychology, specifically in Martin Seligmans proposal, founder of this movement, who advocates that the main objective of this branch of psychological science is to investigate the healthy aspects of human life. The methodology applied is mixed. The level of satisfaction, collected through the survey technique was analysed by the SPSS 20.0 (using method CHAID) statistical program for the quantitative data; and by the Programme Atlas.Ti 6.0 (textual and conceptual analyses) for the qualitative data. The analysed data reveal that students are highly satisfied with the programme, the teachers and their peers. The discussion confirms these results, since it has also stood out in others studies
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The hypothesis that the same educational objective, raised as cooperative or collaborative learning in university teaching does not affect students perceptions of the learning model, leads this study. It analyses the reflections of two students groups of engineering that shared the same educational goals implemented through two different methodological active learning strategies: Simulation as cooperative learning strategy and Problem-based Learning as a collaborative one. The different number of participants per group (eighty-five and sixty-five, respectively) as well as the use of two active learning strategies, either collaborative or cooperative, did not show differences in the results from a qualitative perspective.
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El discernimiento de espritus ha sido a lo largo de la historia del cristianismo un mecanismo fundamental para el control del acceso al carisma. Su desarrollo ha estado profundamente ligado a los cambios en la estructura social de las iglesias. Por ello buscamos aportar nuevas miradas sobre este dispositivo, analizndolo en el contexto de las periferias cristianas. Especficamente centraremos nuestro anlisis en las iglesias evanglicas aborgenes mocov del suroeste de la provincia del Chaco en Argentina. Nos aproximaremos a estas cuestiones a partir del anlisis a la estructura social de estas iglesias, sus concepciones sobre los vnculos con las potencias no-humanas, la gestin de salud y enfermedad y la experiencia del culto.
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Four experiments investigated whether the testing effect also applies to the acquisition of problem-solving skills from worked examples. Experiment 1 (n=120) showed no beneficial effects of testing consisting of isomorphic problem solving or example recall on final test performance, which consisted of isomorphic problem solving, compared to continued study of isomorphic examples. Experiment 2 (n=124) showed no beneficial effects of testing consisting of identical problem solving compared to restudying an identical example. Interestingly, participants who took both an immediate and a delayed final test outperformed those taking only a delayed test. This finding suggested that testing might become beneficial for retention but only after a certain level of schema acquisition has taken place through restudying several examples. However, experiment 2 had no control condition restudying examples instead of taking the immediate test. Experiment 3 (n=129) included such a restudy condition, and there was no evidence that testing after studying four examples was more effective for final delayed test performance than restudying, regardless of whether restudied/tested problems were isomorphic or identical. Experiment 4 (n=75) used a similar design as experiment 3 (i.e., testing/restudy after four examples), but with examples on a different topic and with a different participant population. Again, no evidence of a testing effect was found. Thus, across four experiments, with different types of initial tests, different problem-solving domains, and different participant populations, we found no evidence that testing enhanced delayed test performance compared to restudy. These findings suggest that the testing effect might not apply to acquiring problem-solving skills from worked examples
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Background: Many school-based interventions are being delivered in the absence of evidence of effectiveness (Snowling & Hulme, 2011, Br. J. Educ. Psychol., 81, 1).Aim: This study sought to address this oversight by evaluating the effectiveness of the commonly used the Lexia Reading Core5 intervention, with 4- to 6-year-old pupils in Northern Ireland.Sample:A total of 126 primary school pupils in year 1 and year 2 were screened on the Phonological Assessment Battery 2nd Edition (PhAB-2). Children were recruited from the equivalent year groups to Reception and Year 1 in England and Wales, and Pre-kindergarten and Kindergarten in North America.<br/>Methods: A total of 98 below-average pupils were randomized (T0) to either an 8-week block (inline image = 647.51 min, SD = 158.21) of daily access to Lexia Reading Core5 (n = 49) or a waiting-list control group (n = 49). Assessment of phonological skills was completed at post-intervention (T1) and at 2-month follow-up (T2) for the intervention group only.<br/>Results: Analysis of covariance which controlled for baseline scores found that the Lexia Reading Core5 intervention group made significantly greater gains in blending, F(1, 95) = 6.50, p = .012, partial 2 = .064 (small effect size) and non-word reading, F(1, 95) = 7.20, p = .009, partial 2 = .070 (small effect size). Analysis of the 2-month follow-up of the intervention group found that all group treatment gains were maintained. However, improvements were not uniform among the intervention group with 35% failing to make progress despite access to support. Post-hoc analysis revealed that higher T0 phonological working memory scores predicted improvements made in phonological skills.<br/>Conclusions: An early-intervention, computer-based literacy program can be effective in boosting the phonological skills of 4- to 6-year-olds, particularly if these literacy difficulties are not linked to phonological working memory deficits.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-08
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-08
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Today the high-price mechanical wristwatch is recognized as a luxury object redolent with notions of adventure, sporting achievement, elevated social status, and technical precision. Through an examination of the segmentation of the current luxury wristwatch market and key moments in the historical development of the wristwatch, this article will explain why these connotations exist. In particular, the article will explain the role that the early development of the wristwatch as a piece of military technical equipment and the mechanical wristwatchs revitalization as a luxury good in response to the development of commercial quartz timekeeping technology have played in reconstructing the wristwatch as an object type. By utilizing network theory and the analytical tool of complexity, and drawing on fieldwork undertaken in London and Switzerland amongst the manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and consumers of high-value wristwatches, the article will explain how the wristwatch can simultaneously be seen as functional tool, fashion statement, status symbol, and anachronism. This insight into the true nature of the wristwatch as a multivalent and semiotically charged object will also be used to inform reflections on the likely impact of generally perceived current threats to the luxury watch industry: the rise in ethical material sourcing campaigns, the stubborn gender imbalance in watch sales, and the recent appearance of smart watches and similar digital devices.
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Conventional descriptions place conservation activities between the two poles of active restorative intervention and passive abandonment. This paper proposes that site stewards at mining heritage sites often follow presentation strategies that sit outside this neat dualism. Drawing on material presented in the form of three case studies, this paper identifies the actions these strategies entail and considers the results in terms of an aesthetic of decay. To consolidate the argument, a new overarching term is introduced to describe this strategy: contrived dereliction, in order to foreground its essential features. The paper then outlines the advantages, limitations and requirements of contrived dereliction as a heritage management and presentation practice.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-08
