906 resultados para Cash sweep
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A evolução da teoria de precificação de opções considera um conjunto de ferramentas necessárias para gerenciar e explorar o valor advindo da incerteza e da volatilidade que ampliam os parâmetros da geração de valor ao acrescentarem os conceitos de flexibilidade gerencial. Dentro deste contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar economicamente a implantação do Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo em uma empresa de cerâmica vermelha localizada no Arranjo Produtivo de São Miguel do Guamá, nordeste do Pará. A avaliação pretendeu demonstrar o valor da flexibilidade gerencial de Diferimento conforme adaptações realizadas na metodologia proposta por Copeland & Antikarov (2001), a qual adiciona à avaliação tradicional de fluxo de caixa descontado a Opção Real – OR – que a pesquisa considerou; e que fundamentou-se por meio de revisão de literatura para formulação do método. Essa determinação seguiu um roteiro de etapas essenciais para a análise das variáveis que compreendem o modelo e que possibilitou a ordenação dos resultados quanto aos valores da OR considerada e do valor presente incluindo a flexibilidade gerencial; com a aplicação do método na empresa objeto da pesquisa. Finalmente, como resultado deste estudo conclui-se que a Teoria de Opções Reais por meio da Opção de Diferimento ou Adiamento contribui com informações que auxiliam nas decisões gerenciais de investimento em projetos quando comparados à metodologia tradicional de avaliação visto que são consideradas incertezas inerentes ao projeto, tal como o ambiente real.
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O presente estudo objetiva compreender o fenômeno da devolução voluntária à transferência de renda condicionada “Bolsa Família”. Tal estudo tem como base a teoria crítico-dialética,utiliza as categorias de Política social, Assistência social, emancipação/autonomia, cidadania, transferência de renda e pobreza. O método adotado é o dialético, a partir do qual se adotará o estudo de caso com entrevistas em profundidade. Os dados obtidos foram tratados através de análise de conteúdo com que consiste em “uma técnica de investigação que tem por finalidade a descrição objetiva, sistemática e quantitativa do conteúdo manifesto da comunicação” a partir de procedimentos sistemáticos e objetivos de descrição do conteúdo das mensagens, indicadores (quantitativos ou não) que permitam a inferência de conhecimentos relativos às condições de produção/recepção (variáveis inferidas) dessas mensagens e os aspectos quantitativos do método. O Programa Bolsa Família trouxe benefícios ao público alvo, o volume de informações não deixa dúvidas, porém os casos estudados indicam que a devolução do benefício deste Programa não se deu de forma espontânea, mas estimulada, sem que os beneficiários estivessem efetivamente emancipados.Assim, não houve desistência voluntária e sim bloqueio, orientação e saída induzida. Algumas famílias foram detectadas pelo sistema do programa e foram automaticamente bloqueadas, por estarem fora do padrão de renda para continuar recebendo o benefício; outras foram detectadas no momento do recadastramento.Quanto a esse desligamento, o posicionamento das pessoas entrevistadas se dividiu entre aqueles que entendiam que ainda precisavam muito do benefício para continuar o melhoramento de suas vidas; e aqueles que, mesmo não tenham pedido o desligamento de forma espontânea à coordenação do programa, concordaram com os procedimentos institucionais realizados, por entenderem que outras pessoas mais necessitadas precisam da oportunidade gerada por essa política.
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade econômica de dois sistemas agroflorestais (SAF) no município de Tomé. Primeiro, procedeu-se o levantamento bibliográfico das imposições legais de uso de áreas especialmente protegidas; em seguida, buscou-se enquadrar os sistemas agroflorestais sobre uma ótica socioeconômico e ambiental, como um instrumento de uso e recuperação destas áreas através da avaliação dos retornos econômicos provenientes de dois modelos de SAF observados em Tomé-Açu. Para o andamento e conclusão deste estudo, utilizou-se uma pesquisa documental, bibliográfica e de pesquisa de campo através de entrevistas com atores locais da cadeia produtiva no município de Tomé-Açú. A metodologia utilizada para levantamento de dados do estudo foi a entrevista semiestruturada com os atores locais. A tabulação deste dados, bem como a análise dos resultados foi realizada com os conceitos econômico-matemáticos da engenharia econômica de avaliação de projetos de investimento através do fluxo de caixa, VPL, TIR e Rb/c dos arranjos. A conclusão aborda o conceito da viabilidade dos arranjos estudados para o cenário econômico atual das culturas que compuseram os modelos estudados como fonte alternativa de investimento.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Química - IQ
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Pós-graduação em Química - IQ
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This study analyzed the economic viability of an investment in feedlot cattle on a farm in the midsize state of Goias. The research identified that different thematic studies whose interests have focused mainly on cost analysis and profitability punctual. Differently, this study used the approaches of the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) and the Real Options Theory (ROT). The first used the projected cash flow for 10 years and a discount rate determined by CAPM at 8% p.a. for containment of heads 400. The second was modeled by the binomial model of Cox, Ross and Rubinstein (1979) incorporating the option of waiting. This methodology has not been employed in Brazilian cattle industry. The search results pointed to the economic viability of the project when considered possible scenarios for the different price ranges of the ox that state bushel. In addition, the TOR proved to be a more robust tool for investment analysis, by incorporating the flexibility of farmers to wait for the right time to make the confinement.
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Aquaculture is a crucial source of income and livelihood for millions of people around the world. Most fish farms require technical knowledge expertise and qualified staff. This research was developed in Santa Felicidade Settlement Project Cocalzinho de Goias city - GO, where a substantial part of the settlers by INCRA are exploring subsistence farming activities. After meeting open to the 76 settler's families, those who joined the project received courses on intensive farming of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) in net cages. The production was an innovative technique, fully realized with the participatory labor of family members, without prejudice of the main activities. The economic analysis showed the return on invested capital in 7.5 years within the financial activity with 7.1% Internal Return Rate higher than the average interest rate market. The Net Cash Flow showed ability to fulfill financial obligations from the second year. The implementation of more productive cycles optimizes the workforce with increased operational efficiency. Diet alternatively produced with local ingredients can minimize the effects of critical variables of the project, since it does not affect productivity.
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Anatomically preserved calamitalean trunks are described from the Permian fossil forests of Chemnitz, Germany, and Tocantins, central-north Brazil. Several trunk bases were found in situ, still rooting in their former substrate or in parautochthonous sediments and revealing multiple organic connections between stems and roots. The new evidence of several free-stemmed Permian calamitaleans from different fossil lagerstatten and different taphonomic modes from the Northern and Southern hemispheres has implications for understanding calamite growth and challenges the universal validity of the reconstruction of rhizome-bearing woody trees. Whereas the stems belong to different species of the widely distributed genus Arthropitys GOEPPERT 1864, among them the generitype A. bistriata (COTTA) emend. RoSSLER, FENG & NOLL 2012 the attached roots represent the largest calamite roots ever found and incorporate a broad spectrum of preservational forms and ontogenetic stages. The latter are represented by the root genera Astromyelon WILLIAMSON 1878, Myriophylloides HICK & CASH 1881 and Asthenomyelon LEISTIKOW 1962 that were evidenced for the first time from Chemnitz, the type locality of Arthropitys and Calamitea (COTTA) emend. ROSSLER & NOLL 2007. Branched, stem-borne, adventitious root systems exhibit similar architectures, arise from different nodes of the lowermost trunks and anchor the trees in' different substrates. Developmental features were analysed in first- to third-order roots, which possess clearly-defined concentric tissue zones: epidermis/periderm, cortex, endodermis and central vascular tissue with or without pith. First-order roots, in particular, show considerable secondary growth. Numerous zones of concentric density variation in the secondary xylem indicate some kind of seasonality in the early Permian environments.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Between December 2007 and June 2009 the United States witnessed 18 months of recession that became known as the subprime crisis. Beginning in the housing market, the crisis moved into the banking and financial markets and spread throughout the entire economy through a domino effect, affecting the majority of other businesses. A major reflection of this was the large rise in unemployment rates due to business slashing jobs in an attempt to preserve cash. Although the crisis has officially ended, the unemployment rate reached over 10% in 2010 in the United States. American's continue to seek new jobs in a very difficult employment market, while attempting to manage the family household budget. American household income, which decreased either by pay cuts, job loss, and the effects of inflation, leads the majority of Americans to declare that the crisis had not yet ended. The crisis has spread to the world in varying degrees. Brazil was one of the countries least affected due to government policies and the large amount of foreign exchange. Although the crisis has affected Brazil only slightly, we will show how it reached this country and how the government solved this problem. This research paper will explain how the subprime crisis began, how it manifested itself in the U.S. economy and throughout the population. Also, it will show the crisis’ effects in Brazil and show some statements from Americans with their respective views and their experiences relative to the crisis
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In uncertainly economic scenarios, an economic feasibility analysis must be done to accept a project based on investment criteria, such as NPV and IRR, mainly because the shareholders tend to invest their budget in a project if it has a great chance to return their investments. The studied company outsources all of its foundry services, what makes it very dependent of its suppliers, because the products have a lower quality level, long delivery periods and high prices. Therefore, this work will analyze the project of building an iron-casting foundry to decrease the dependence of its suppliers. In order to develop this research, all needed data related to the construction of the foundry and sales were collected to create deterministic and probabilistic (Monte Carlo Simulation) cash flows using MsExcel® and Oracle's Crystal Ball® software. As a result, the project was found to be risky by the NPV and IRR in the case of this new production line supplying only the internal needs. However, when the company offers its services to the foundry market, the project turns to be feasible
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Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti is a species of mosquitoes known to be the vector of diseases such as dengue and yellow fever, and a better understanding of aspects of their biology can help in the establishment of control strategies for the same. Several previous studies showed that temperature significantly affects the development of immature stages of insects. In general, higher temperatures (up to a threshold) accelerate the development of insects, and lower temperature retards the same. This rule also applies to mosquitoes, including Ae. aegypti. But not still know the effects of daily variation of temperature on the developmental stages of mosquitoes. And this detail is very important, since in natural breeding or artificial, The mosquitoes usually face temperature variations over a single day, which should interfere with its development until the emergence of the adult forms. For this reason, the objective of this study is to analyze the effect of alternating temperatures on the development of Ae. aegypti. To conduct the study, adults were collected active in the neighborhood Bela Vista Campus of UNESP - Rio Claro, SP, using a sweep net or using ovitraps for immatures, and the active search for breeding. Individuals collected were kept under experimental conditions in the laboratory. The adult samples were identified to species level, were considered for the experiments, only samples of Ae. aegypti. The insects were housed in plastic cages, suitable for creating flies. These were fed with sugar solution and blood meal on alternate days. The eggs obtained were used in the experiment with four different temperature regimes. The data collected were analyzed by evaluating whether the different treatments influenced the development of immature to adult, performing the Kruskal-Wallis test and the statistical software BioEstat. Statistical analysis of the sex ratio... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR