911 resultados para Automobile ownership


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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial

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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial

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Tese de Doutoramento em Contabilidade

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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil

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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil

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Dissertação de mestrado em Ciências da Comunicação (área de especialização em Informação e Jornalismo)

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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Mecânica

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Mestrado em Economia e Políticas Públicas

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The research described in this thesis has been developed as a part of the Reliability and Field Data Management for Multi-Component Products (REFIDAM) Project. This project was funded under the Applied Research Grants Scheme administered by Enterprise Ireland. The project was a partnership between Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology and an industrial company, Thermo King Europe. The project aimed to develop a system to manage the information required for maintenance costing, cost of ownership, reliability assessment and improvement of multi-component products, by establishing information flows between the customer network and across the Thermo King organisation.

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Management Summary (Deutsch)Werbung ist ein Kulturfaktor, der einerseits als Spiegel der Gesellschaft gesehen werden kann und andererseits an deren Konstruktion beteiligt ist. Durch die Darstellung von Kindern trägt die Werbung dazu bei ein bestimmtes, an den wirtschaftlichen Gesetzmäßigkeiten orientiertes Bild von Kindern massenmedial zu verbreiten. Dabei fungiert insbesondere das Fernsehen als wichtiger Vermittler, da es sich in Deutschland hoher Beliebtheit erfreut und somit viele Menschen erreicht werden können. Ebenfalls hoher Beliebtheit innerhalb der deutschen Gesellschaft erfreut sich das Automobil. Schon von klein auf werden die Kinder auf die automobile Nutzung und Infrastruktur hin sozialisiert. Auch wenn es sich bei einem Auto primär um ein Erwachsenenprodukt handelt, so stellen Kinder für die Automobilhersteller dennoch eine ernst zu nehmende Randzielgruppe dar und finden in den Marketingstrategien Beachtung. Das Kindbild in der Automobilwerbung ist überwiegend positiv und von faszinierten und spielenden Jungen geprägt. Fest steht, dass es sich dabei zunächst nur vordergründig um ein dargestelltes Kindbild handelt und bei genauerer Betrachtung ein facettenreicheres Bild entsteht.Management Summary

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Setting: There exists very little supportive valuation literature for the valuation of industrial properties and the present state of research is capable of improvement. Objective: A critical examination of the procedure for the determination of the market value of industrial properties in accordance with § 194 Building Code will be made on the basis of the relevant valuation literature. Based on using standard valuation practices there should be a ground value derived for an industrial estate. Conclusion: When valuing industrial properties economic use is crucial, therefore the income approach is applied in order to attain the market value of the property. Difficulties which may arise include customary approaches for rent, property management costs and interest rates. Based on a Germany-wide cross-comparison with other automobile-producing properties a plausible range for the derivation of the groundvalue was determined. At the time of submission, the determination of the ground value by the expert Committee was unfinished.

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This paper examines the governance of Spanish Banks around two main issues. First, does a poor economic performance activate those governance interventions that favor the removal of executive directors and the merger of non-performing banks? And second, does the relationship between governance intervention and economic performance vary with the ownership form of the bank? Our results show that a bad performance does activate governance mechanisms in banks, although for the case of Savings Banks intervention is confined to a merger or acquisition. Nevertheless, the distinct ownership structure of Savings Banks does not fully protect non-performing banks from disappearing. Product-market competition compensates for those weak internal governance mechanisms that result from an ownership form which gives voice to several stakeholder groups.

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Information sharing in oligopoly has been analyzed by assuming that firms behave as a sole economic agent. In this paper I assume that ownership and management are separated. Managers are allowed to falsely report their costs to owners and rivals. Under such circumstances, if owners want to achieve information sharing they must use managerial contracts that implement truthful cost reporting by managers as a dominant strategy. I show that, contrary to the classical result, without the inclusion of message-dependent payments in managerial contracts there will be no information sharing. On the other hand, with the inclusion of such publicly observable payments and credible ex-ante commitment by owners not to modify these payments, there will be perfect information sharing without the need for third parties. Keywords: Information sharing, Delegation, Managerial contracts. JEL classification numbers: D21, D82, L13, L21

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The objective of this paper is to estimate a petrol consumption function for Spain and to evaluate the redistributive effects of petrol taxation. We use micro data from the Spanish Household Budget Survey of 1990/91 and model petrol consumption taking into account the effect that income changes may have on car ownership levels, as well as the differences that exist between expenditure and consumption. Our results show the importance that household structure, place of residence and income have on petrol consumption. We are able to compute income elasticities of petrol expenditure, both conditional and unconditional on the level of car ownership. Non-conditional elasticities, while always very close to unit values, are lower for higher income households and for those living in rural areas or small cities. When car ownership levels are taken into account, conditional elasticities are obtained that are around one half the value of the non- conditional ones, being fairly stable across income categories and city sizes. As regards the redistributive effects of petrol taxation, we observe that for the lowest income deciles the share of petrol expenditure increases with income, and thus the tax can be regarded as progressive. However, after a certain income level the tax proves to be regressive.