MALDI-TOF MS-based drug susceptibility testing of pathogens: The example of Candida albicans and fluconazole.

MALDI-TOF MS can be used for the identification of microorganism species. We have extended its application to a novel assay of Candida albicans susceptibility to fluconazole, based on monitoring modifications of the proteome of yeast cells grown in the presence of varying drug concentrations. The method was accurate, and reliable, and showed full agreement with the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute's reference method. This proof-of-concept demonstration highlights the potential for this approach to test other pathogens.

Sustainability - a challenge to animal production and breeding

Selostus: Kestävän kehityksen vaatimukset kotieläintuotannossa ja -jalostuksessa

Patients with AIDS-defining cancers are not universally screened for HIV: a 10-year retrospective analysis of HIV-testing practices in a Swiss university hospital.

OBJECTIVES: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) have been listed as AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs) by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention since 1993. Despite this, HIV screening is not universally mentioned in ADC treatment guidelines. We examined screening practices at a tertiary centre serving a population where HIV seroprevalence is 0.4%. METHODS: Patients with KS, ICC, NHL and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), treated at Lausanne University Hospital between January 2002 and July 2012, were studied retrospectively. HIV testing was considered part of the oncology work-up if performed between 90 days before and 90 days after the cancer diagnosis date. RESULTS: A total of 880 patients were examined: 10 with KS, 58 with ICC, 672 with NHL and 140 with HL. HIV testing rates were 100, 11, 60 and 59%, and HIV seroprevalence was 60, 1.7, 3.4 and 5%, respectively. Thirty-seven patients (4.2%) were HIV-positive, of whom eight (22%) were diagnosed at oncology work-up. All newly diagnosed patients had CD4 counts < 200 cells/μL and six (75%) had presented to a physician 12-236 weeks previously with conditions warranting HIV testing. CONCLUSIONS: In our institution, only patients with KS were universally screened. Screening rates for other cancers ranged from 11 to 60%. HIV seroprevalence was at least fourfold higher than the population average. As HIV-positive status impacts on cancer patient medical management, HIV screening should be included in oncology guidelines. Further, we recommend that opt-out screening should be adopted in all patients with ADCs and HL.

OpenFluDB, a database for human and animal influenza virus.

Although research on influenza lasted for more than 100 years, it is still one of the most prominent diseases causing half a million human deaths every year. With the recent observation of new highly pathogenic H5N1 and H7N7 strains, and the appearance of the influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 swine-like lineage, a collaborative effort to share observations on the evolution of this virus in both animals and humans has been established. The OpenFlu database (OpenFluDB) is a part of this collaborative effort. It contains genomic and protein sequences, as well as epidemiological data from more than 27,000 isolates. The isolate annotations include virus type, host, geographical location and experimentally tested antiviral resistance. Putative enhanced pathogenicity as well as human adaptation propensity are computed from protein sequences. Each virus isolate can be associated with the laboratories that collected, sequenced and submitted it. Several analysis tools including multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis and sequence similarity maps enable rapid and efficient mining. The contents of OpenFluDB are supplied by direct user submission, as well as by a daily automatic procedure importing data from public repositories. Additionally, a simple mechanism facilitates the export of OpenFluDB records to GenBank. This resource has been successfully used to rapidly and widely distribute the sequences collected during the recent human swine flu outbreak and also as an exchange platform during the vaccine selection procedure. Database URL: http://openflu.vital-it.ch.

Effects of composite casein and [beta]-lactoglobulin genotypes on renneting properties and composition of bovine milk by assuming an animal model

Selostus: Kaseiinien yhdistelmägenotyyppien ja [beta]-laktoglobuliinin genotyyppien vaikutus maidon juoksettumisominaisuuksiin ja koostumukseen

Distribuição e caracterização de substâncias húmicas em vermicompostos de origem animal e vegetal

A utilização de resíduos orgânicos, como fertilizantes e condicionadores de solo, requer sua maturação e monitoramento da qualidade do material resultante. A vermicompostagem é uma técnica que, ao longo do processo, elimina os potenciais efeitos adversos dos resíduos à saúde humana e ao solo. A avaliação das substâncias húmicas (SH) nos produtos finais quanto à quantidade e à qualidade permite inferir sobre o grau de estabilidade e maturidade dos vermicompostos. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade de seis vermicompostos das seguintes matérias-primas: esterco bovino (EB), esterco ovino (EO), esterco suíno (ES), esterco de codorna (EC), borra de café (BC) e de erva-mate (BE) com respeito ao teor de ácidos húmicos (AH) e de ácidos fúlvicos (AF) e às suas características químicas, após 70 dias de compostagem. O fracionamento químico da matéria orgânica foi realizado com base na solubilidade em meio básico e ácido e a distribuição de cada fração calculada como percentual do C total. Foram calculados os índices de humificação: percentual de AH e razão AH/AF. Nos AH e AF purificados, determinaram-se a composição elementar (CHNO), a composição química por espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e o índice de aromaticidade I1630/I2920. O teor de substâncias húmicas (AH+AF) decresceu na seqüência: BC > EO≈ BE≈ EB > ES > EC, tendo sua composição química também diferido entre os vermicompostos. O grau de maturidade foi superior nos vermicompostos de resíduos de origem vegetal (borra de café e de erva-mate). Os AH desses dois vermicompostos apresentaram menor proporção de grupos oxigenados e menor caráter aromático.

Animal Industry News, February 2001, Vol. 2, no. 1

Newsletter produced by Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship about the animal industry in Iowa.

Animal Industry News, April 2002, Vol. 3, no. 1

Newsletter produced by Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship about the animal industry in Iowa.

Animal Industry News, February 2005, Vol. 6, no. 1

Newsletter produced by Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship about the animal industry in Iowa.

Animal Industry News, April 2006, Vol. 7, no. 1

Newsletter produced by Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship about the animal industry in Iowa.

Testing for hysteresis in unemployment in OECD countries: new evidence using stationarity panel tests with breaks

This paper tests hysteresis effects in unemployment using panel data for 19 OECD countries covering the period 1956-2001. The tests exploit the cross-section variations of the series, and additionally, allow for a diferent number of endogenous breakpoints in the unemployment series. The critical values are simulated based on our specific panel sizes and time periods. The findings stress the importance of accounting for exogenous shocks in the series and give support to the natural-rate hypothesis of unemployment for the majority of the countries analyzed

Testing for multicointegration in panel data with common factors

The paper addresses the concept of multicointegration in panel data frame- work. The proposal builds upon the panel data cointegration procedures developed in Pedroni (2004), for which we compute the moments of the parametric statistics. When individuals are either cross-section independent or cross-section dependence can be re- moved by cross-section demeaning, our approach can be applied to the wider framework of mixed I(2) and I(1) stochastic processes analysis. The paper also deals with the issue of cross-section dependence using approximate common factor models. Finite sample performance is investigated through Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, we illustrate the use of the procedure investigating inventories, sales and production relationship for a panel of US industries.

Cardiovascular and metabolic responses during isokinetic shoulder rotators strength testing in healthy subjects

Background: Although there have been many studies on isokinetic shoulder exercises in evaluation and rehabilitation programs, the cardiovascular and metabolic responses of those modes of muscle strength exercises have been poorly investigated. Objective: To analyze cardiovascular and metabolic responses during a standardized test used to study the internal (IR) and external (ER) rotators maximal isokinetic strength. Methods: Four days after an incremental exercise test on cycle ergometer, ten healthy subjects performed an isokinetic shoulder strength evaluation with cardiovascular (Heart rate, HR) and metabolic gas exchange (&Vdot;O_{2}) analysis. The IR and ER isokinetic strength, measured in seated position with 45° of shoulder abduction in scapular plane, was evaluated concentrically at 60, 120 and 240°/s and eccentrically at 60°/s, for both shoulder sides. An endurance test with 30 repetitions at 240°/s was performed at the end of each shoulder side testing. Results: There was a significant increase of mean HR with isokinetic exercise (P< 0.05). Increases of HR was 42-71% over the resting values. During endurance testing, increases of HR was 77-105% over the resting values, and corresponded to 85-86% of the maximal HR during incremental test. Increase of &Vdot;O_{2} during isokinetic exercises was from 6-11 ml/min/kg to 20-43 ml/min/kg. Conclusion: This study performed significant cardiovascular and metabolic responses to isokinetic exercise of rotators shoulder muscles. A warm-up should be performed before maximal high-intensity isokinetic shoulder testing. Our results indicated that observation and supervision are important during testing and/or training sessions, especially in subjects with risk for cardiovascular disorders.