Caracterização química, atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana do óleo essencial de Baccharis oreophila Malme

The Baccharis oreophila Malme belongs to the Asteraceae family. In Brazil are reported 120 species of Baccharis, most located in the South and Southeast regions, the latter presents the highest prevalence, especially in the state of São Paulo. Asteraceae is well known for the production of essential oils, which are liquid, volatile and aromatic substances produced by plants specialized for metabolism possess antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. Thus, this study aimed, perform chemical and evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of essential oil from dried leaves of B. oreophila collected in winter in Piraquara, Paraná. Obtaining essential oil was given by hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus, in triplicate, and the analysis was done using a gas chromatograph coupled to mass spectrometry GC / MS. The identification of the components was made based on retention indices calculated from the co-injection of a series of n-alkanes, followed by comparison of their mass spectra with literature. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by disk diffusion method and microdilution. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the methods DPPH equivalent Trolox, ABTS and FRAP equivalent Trolox equivalent ferrous sulfate. The essential oil showed 0.47% yield. They identified 57 components (89.38%), 1.51% were classified as hydrogenated monoterpenes, oxygenated monoterpenes 15.14%, 34.84% and 37.87% hydrogenated sesquiterpenes sesquiterpenes oxygenates. As the major components were detected kusimono (16.37%), spathulenol (16.12%), the δ-cadinene (5.68%) and bicyclogermacrene (4.09%). The antimicrobial activity of essential oil was performed for the microorganisms Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Candida albicans ATCC 18804 and Candida tropicalis ATCC 13803, the results showed that the essential oil showed activity against S. aureus Inhibitory Concentration minimum (CIM) 1250 g/mL. In the evaluation of antioxidant activity essential oil showed antioxidant potential for the three methods evaluated, with values of 1,468 m.mol.L-1, 7.126 m.mol.L-1 and 45.515 m.mol.L-1 for ABTS, DPPH and FRAP, respectively. These results demonstrate that the essential oil of B. oreophila showed antimicrobial potential against S. aureus and interesting antioxidant activity, especially for the reducing power of iron ion, demonstrating their potential for future industrial applications. It is important to emphasize that were not observed in the literature reports highlighting such biological properties of B. oreophila oil.

Características químicas do solo e desempenho de culturas após quatro anos de aplicações de cama de aviário em diferentes épocas e níveis

Due to the high supply and its attractive cost, the poultry litter has been used in the southwestern region of Parana to the improvement of soil fertility seeking greater production of grains and pastures. However, the use without technical knowledge can minimize the benefits of poultry litter or even cause undesirable effects on soil, environmental pollution and also productivity losses in the used crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different times of poultry litter application, predating the winter crop, associated with increasing levels, about soil chemical properties, release of nutrients and crop performances in four consecutive years (2011-2014). In the first three years the experimental design was randomized blocks with a split plot system and four replications. In the main plots were tested four poultry litter application times preceding the wheat production: 0, 15, 30 and 45 days before sowing (DAS); in the subplots were applied four poultry litter levels (wet basis): 0, 4, 8 and 12 Mg ha-1. Last year one more subdivision of plots was done, evaluating the use or not of nitrogen in coverage in wheat, at a dose of 100 kg N ha-1. The wheat cultivar used in the four years was the BRS 220. In three years it was evaluated the residual effect on soybean production (cultivar - BMX Turbo RR) and in one year on the beans. The chemical soil attributes were evaluated at four depths 0-2,5cm, 2,5-5cm, 5-10cm and 10-20cm, and also the rate of decomposition and nutrient release of poultry litter and the crop productivity. The different times of application concerning the poultry litter had little influence on the studied variables, demonstrating that the producer does not need to have a specific date (before planting) to the application of poultry litter. Potassium was fully released 60 days after the allocation of litter bags into the field; for nitrogen and phosphorus the release was slower. The use of increasing levels of poultry litter increased the levels of various soil elements, highlighting the potassium which reached 20 cm deep in the second year of evaluation. The increase in pH and in the base saturation occurred only in the upper layers, while the phosphorus reached 10 cm deep in the third year of the study. It was observed increased pH and base saturation. The use of increasing doses of poultry litter contributed to the wheat plant nutrition, significantly increasing the weight of a thousand grains, and the grain yield of wheat in all the evaluated years; the nitrogen fertilization in coverage also had significant effect for the fourth evaluated year. Also there was a significant response from the residual effect of poultry litter for crops planted in summer for both soybeans and beans.

Estatística das aplicações de métodos multicritério nas áreas da engenharia de produção

Currently, the decision analysis in production processes involves a level of detail, in which the problem is subdivided to analyze it in terms of different and conflicting points of view. The multi-criteria analysis has been an important tool that helps assertive decisions related to the production process. This process of analysis has been incorporated into various areas of production engineering, by applying multi-criteria methods in solving the problems of the productive sector. This research presents a statistical study on the use of multi-criteria methods in the areas of Production Engineering, where 935 papers were filtered from 20.663 publications in scientific journals, considering a level of the publication quality based on the impact factor published by the JCR between 2010 and 2015. In this work, the descriptive statistics is used to represent some information and statistical analysis on the volume of applications methods. Relevant results were found with respect to the "amount of advanced methods that are being applied and in which areas related to Production Engineering." This information may provide support to researchers when preparing a multi-criteria application, whereupon it will be possible to check in which issues and how often the other authors have used multi-criteria methods.

Desenvolvimento de plataforma digital para análise da satisfação dos utentes de unidades de saúde

Este documento descreve o trabalho realizado em conjunto com a empresa MedSUPPORT[1] no desenvolvimento de uma plataforma digital para análise da satisfação dos utentes de unidades de saúde. Atualmente a avaliação de satisfação junto dos seus clientes é um procedimento importante e que deve ser utilizado pelas empresas como mais uma ferramenta de avaliação dos seus produtos ou serviços. Para as unidades de saúde a avaliação da satisfação do utente é atualmente considerada como um objetivo fundamental dos serviços de saúde e tem vindo a ocupar um lugar progressivamente mais importante na avaliação da qualidade dos mesmos. Neste âmbito idealizou-se desenvolver uma plataforma digital para análise da satisfação dos utentes de unidades de saúde. O estudo inicial sobre o conceito da satisfação de consumidores e utentes permitiu consolidar os conceitos associados à temática em estudo. Conhecer as oito dimensões que, de acordo com os investigadores englobam a satisfação do utente é um dos pontos relevantes do estudo inicial. Para avaliar junto do utente a sua satisfação é necessário questiona-lo diretamente. Para efeito desenvolveu-se um inquérito de satisfação estudando cuidadosamente cada um dos elementos que deste fazem parte. No desenvolvimento do inquérito de satisfação foram seguidas as seguintes etapas: Planeamento do questionário, partindo das oito dimensões da satisfação do utente até às métricas que serão avaliadas junto do utente; Análise dos dados a recolher, definindo-se, para cada métrica, se os dados serão nominais, ordinais ou provenientes de escalas balanceadas; Por último a formulação das perguntas do inquérito de satisfação foi alvo de estudo cuidado para garantir que o utente percecione da melhor forma o objetivo da questão. A definição das especificações da plataforma e do questionário passou por diferentes estudos, entre eles uma análise de benchmarking[2], que permitiram definir que o inquérito iv estará localizado numa zona acessível da unidade de saúde, será respondido com recurso a um ecrã táctil (tablet) e que estará alojado na web. As aplicações web desenvolvidas atualmente apresentam um design apelativo e intuitivo. Foi fundamental levar a cabo um estudo do design da aplicação web, como garantia que as cores utilizadas, o tipo de letra, e o local onde a informação são os mais adequados. Para desenvolver a aplicação web foi utilizada a linguagem de programação Ruby, com recurso à framework Ruby on Rails. Para a implementação da aplicação foram estudadas as diferentes tecnologias disponíveis, com enfoque no estudo do sistema de gestão de base de dados a utilizar. O desenvolvimento da aplicação web teve também como objetivo melhorar a gestão da informação gerada pelas respostas ao inquérito de satisfação. O colaborador da MedSUPPORT é o responsável pela gestão da informação pelo que as suas necessidades foram atendidas. Um menu para a gestão da informação é disponibilizado ao administrador da aplicação, colaborador MedSUPPORT. O menu de gestão da informação permitirá uma análise simplificada do estado atual com recurso a um painel do tipo dashboard e, a fim de melhorar a análise interna dos dados terá uma função de exportação dos dados para folha de cálculo. Para validação do estudo efetuado foram realizados os testes de funcionamento à plataforma, tanto à sua funcionalidade como à sua utilização em contexto real pelos utentes inquiridos nas unidades de saúde. Os testes em contexto real objetivaram validar o conceito junto dos utentes inquiridos.

Nanoestruturas multicomponentes de CoFe2O4/Ag visando aplicações biológicas

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Física, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, 2015.

Desenvolvimento e validação de método para determinação do perfil graxo do biodiesel de Tungue e Blendas com soja empregando GC-MS

No Brasil o biodiesel é utilizado em misturas com óleo diesel em proporções de 5%, sem que haja modificações nos motores. Com o intuito de diversificar a utilização de oleaginosas não comestíveis no ramo dos biocombustíveis, e ainda vincular a produção com agricultura sustentável, uma alternativa para o RS é a utilização do óleo de tungue para a produção de biodiesel. A caracterização e quantificação de ácidos graxos do biodiesel de tungue, torna-se importante devido à seu exclusivo perfil graxo. Neste trabalho, foi estudado o desenvolvimento e validação de método para a determinação do perfil graxo do biodiesel metílico de tungue e blendas com soja utilizando GC-MS. Os parâmetros de validação considerados foram: curva analítica, linearidade, seletividade, limite de detecção e quantificação, robustez, precisão e exatidão. Para determinar as melhores condições cromatográficas, foram testadas diferentes programações de temperatura no forno cromatográfico; fluxo de gás; temperatura do injetor, detector e interface; e modo de injeção. As condições do GCMS após a otimização foram: injeção de 1 µL com injeção em alta pressão (300 kPa), T do injetor: 250 ºC, injeção split 1:30, fluxo de 1 mL min-1, coluna Rtx-5MS com dimensões 30 m x 0,25 mm x 0,25 µm, T forno: isoterma de 2 min a 130 ºC, aumento de 20 ºC/min até 220 ºC, aumento de 0,5ºC/min até 223ºC, aumento de 7 ºC/min até 250 ºC e isoterma em 250 ºC por 3 min, resultando em 20 min de análise. A temperatura da fonte e interface foram de 200 ºC e 250 ºC, respectivamente, com o MS no modo full scan, ionização por impacto eletrônico a 70 eV, e intervalo de massas de 30 a 500 u.m.a. A identificação do α-eleosteárico foi baseada na fragmentação característica do composto, pela comparação com o espectro do ácido linolênico, e ainda pelo tempo de retenção do composto. Na validação, as curvas analíticas apresentaram valores de r maiores que 0,99. O LD e LQ foram adequados, permitindo a quantificação de ésteres na concentração mínima de 0,6%. Os valores de exatidão ficaram entre 86 e 117%, com RSD% menores que 8%. O efeito matriz também foi avaliado, sendo que esse efeito foi considerado médio para a maioria dos compostos, ficando entre ± 20 e 50%. Durante a aplicação do método, o mesmo se mostrou adequado para amostras de biodiesel metílico de tungue e blendas com soja, nas proporções de 15:85, 20:80 e 25:75 (T:S, v/v). A aplicabilidade do método também foi testada para o biodiesel de soja, obtendo resultados satisfatórios, mostrando-se assim, além de tudo, ser um método robusto.

Redes elétricas inteligentes: desenvolvimento de modelos computacionais e aplicações para a gestão do lado da procura

Esta tese incide sobre o desenvolvimento de modelos computacionais e de aplicações para a gestão do lado da procura, no âmbito das redes elétricas inteligentes. É estudado o desempenho dos intervenientes da rede elétrica inteligente, sendo apresentado um modelo do produtor-consumidor doméstico. O problema de despacho económico considerando previsão de produção e consumo de energia obtidos a partir de redes neuronais artificiais é apresentado. São estudados os modelos existentes no âmbito dos programas de resposta à procura e é desenvolvida uma ferramenta computacional baseada no algoritmo de fuzzy-clustering subtrativo. São analisados perfis de consumo e modos de operação, incluindo uma breve análise da introdução do veículo elétrico e de contingências na rede de energia elétrica. São apresentadas aplicações para a gestão de energia dos consumidores no âmbito do projeto piloto InovGrid. São desenvolvidos sistemas de automação para, aquisição monitorização, controlo e supervisão do consumo a partir de dados fornecidos pelos contadores inteligente que permitem a incorporação das ações dos consumidores na gestão do consumo de energia elétrica; SMART GRIDS - COMPUTATIONAL MODELS DEVELOPMENT AND DEMAND SIDE MANAGMENT APPLICATIONS Abstract: This thesis focuses on the development of computational models and its applications on the demand side management within the smart grid scope. The performance of the electrical network players is studied and a domestic prosumer model is presented. The economic dispatch problem considering the production forecast and the energy consumption obtained from artificial neural networks is also presented. The existing demand response models are studied and a computational tool based on the fuzzy subtractive clustering algorithm is developed. Energy consumption profiles and operational modes are analyzed, including a brief analysis of the electrical vehicle and contingencies on the electrical network. Consumer energy management applications within the scope of InovGrid pilot project are presented. Computational systems are developed for the acquisition, monitoring, control and supervision of consumption data provided by smart meters allowing to incorporate consumer actions on their electrical energy management.

Abordagem rítmica probabilística aplicada em análises de fluxo e estabilidade de taludes

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geotecnia, 2015.

Sobre o fluxo de calor no Sul de Portugal

Os trabalhos publicados sobre estudos conducentes a obtenção de propriedades da litosfera na Península Ibérica, indicam uma anomalia na espessura da litosfera no SW da Península referida. Um dos parâmetros utilizados nos modelos referidos, é o valor do fluxo de calor característico da região. O trabalho que propomos apresentar consiste na análise detalhada dos dados de fluxo de calor obtidos no sul de Portugal (Zona Sul Portuguesa e parte da Zona de Ossa Morena ). Os valores obtidos são relativamente elevados, devido a gradientes de temperatura elevados e/ou valores elevados de condutividade térmica, não sendo possível obter um valor de fluxo de calor característico de toda a região estudada. Será feita uma análise detalhada dos valores obtidos, tentando relacioná-los com características próprias dos locais onde foram realizadas as medições.

Análise da estabilidade genética de células-tronco mesenquimais humanas

Human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), also known as mesenchymal stem cells, have become an important and attractive therapeutic tool since they are easily isolated and cultured, have in vitro expansion potential, substantial plasticity and secrete bioactive molecules that exert trophic effects. The human umbilical cord as a cell source for cell therapy will help to avoid several ethical, political, religious and technical issues. One of the main issues with SC lines from different sources, mainly those of embryonic origin, is the possibility of chromosomal alterations and genomic instability during in vitro expansion. Cells isolated from one umbilical cord exhibited a rare balanced paracentric inversion, likely a cytogenetic constitutional alteration, karyotype: 46,XY,inv(3)(p13p25~26). Important genes related to cancer predisposition and others involved in DNA repair are located in 3p25~26. Titanium is an excellent biomaterial for bone-implant integration; however, the use can result in the generation of particulate debris that can accumulate in the tissues adjacent to the prosthesis, in the local bone marrow, in the lymph nodes, liver and spleen. Subsequently may elicit important biological responses that aren´t well studied. In this work, we have studied the genetic stability of MSC isolated from the umbilical cord vein during in vitro expansion, after the cryopreservation, and under different concentrations and time of exposition to titanium microparticles. Cells were isolated, in vitro expanded, demonstrated capacity for osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation and were evaluated using flow cytometry, so they met the minimum requirements for characterization as MSCs. The cells were expanded under different concentrations and time of exposition to titanium microparticles. The genetic stability of MSCs was assessed by cytogenetic analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and analysis of micronucleus and other nuclear alterations (CBMN). The cells were able to internalize the titanium microparticles, but MSCs preserve their morphology, differentiation capacity and surface marker expression profiles. Furthermore, there was an increase in the genomic instability after long time of in vitro expansion, and this instability was greater when cells were exposed to high doses of titanium microparticles that induced oxidative stress. It is necessary always assess the risks/ benefits of using titanium in tissue therapy involving MSCs, considering the biosafety of the use of bone regeneration using titanium and MSCs. Even without using titanium, it is important that the therapeutic use of such cells is based on analyzes that ensure quality, security and cellular stability, with the standardization of quality control programs appropriate. In conclusion, it is suggested that cytogenetic analysis, FISH analysis and the micronucleus and other nuclear alterations are carried out in CTMH before implanting in a patient

Análise hidromecânica do problema de fraturamento hidráulico

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2016.

Análise por meio de espectroscopia de emissão óptica das espécies ativas em nitretação iônica e gaiola catódica

Plasma process like ionic nitriding and cathodic cage plasma nitriding are utilized in order to become hard surface of steels. The ionic nitriding is already accepted in the industry while cathodic cage plasma nitriding process is in industrial implementation stage. Those process depend of plasma parameters like electronic and ionic temperature (Te, Ti), species density (ne, ni) and of distribution function of these species. In the present work, the plasma used to those two processes has been observed through Optical Emission Spectroscopy OES technique in order to identify presents species in the treatment ambient and relatively quantify them. So plasma of typical mixtures like N2 H2 has been monitored through in order to study evolution of those species during the process. Moreover, it has been realized a systematic study about leaks, also thought OES, that accomplish the evolution of contaminant species arising because there is flux of atmosphere to inside nitriding chamber and in what conditions the species are sufficiently reduced. Finally, to describe the physic mechanism that acts on both coating techniques ionic nitriding and cathodic cage plasma nitriding

Previsão do índice bovespa por meio de redes neurais artificiais: uma análise comparada aos métodos tradicionais de séries de tempo

Forecast is the basis for making strategic, tactical and operational business decisions. In financial economics, several techniques have been used to predict the behavior of assets over the past decades.Thus, there are several methods to assist in the task of time series forecasting, however, conventional modeling techniques such as statistical models and those based on theoretical mathematical models have produced unsatisfactory predictions, increasing the number of studies in more advanced methods of prediction. Among these, the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are a relatively new and promising method for predicting business that shows a technique that has caused much interest in the financial environment and has been used successfully in a wide variety of financial modeling systems applications, in many cases proving its superiority over the statistical models ARIMA-GARCH. In this context, this study aimed to examine whether the ANNs are a more appropriate method for predicting the behavior of Indices in Capital Markets than the traditional methods of time series analysis. For this purpose we developed an quantitative study, from financial economic indices, and developed two models of RNA-type feedfoward supervised learning, whose structures consisted of 20 data in the input layer, 90 neurons in one hidden layer and one given as the output layer (Ibovespa). These models used backpropagation, an input activation function based on the tangent sigmoid and a linear output function. Since the aim of analyzing the adherence of the Method of Artificial Neural Networks to carry out predictions of the Ibovespa, we chose to perform this analysis by comparing results between this and Time Series Predictive Model GARCH, developing a GARCH model (1.1).Once applied both methods (ANN and GARCH) we conducted the results' analysis by comparing the results of the forecast with the historical data and by studying the forecast errors by the MSE, RMSE, MAE, Standard Deviation, the Theil's U and forecasting encompassing tests. It was found that the models developed by means of ANNs had lower MSE, RMSE and MAE than the GARCH (1,1) model and Theil U test indicated that the three models have smaller errors than those of a naïve forecast. Although the ANN based on returns have lower precision indicator values than those of ANN based on prices, the forecast encompassing test rejected the hypothesis that this model is better than that, indicating that the ANN models have a similar level of accuracy . It was concluded that for the data series studied the ANN models show a more appropriate Ibovespa forecasting than the traditional models of time series, represented by the GARCH model

Análise estequiométrica da dinâmica não-linear de redes de reações químicas

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Química, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, 2016.

Análise do comportamento reológico de pastas de cimento contendo resíduos de pneu para poços de petróleo

The low tenacity presented by the Portland cement pastes used in the oil wells cementation has been motivating several researches with attention focused on alternative materials. Additives have been developed to generate flexible pastes with mechanical resistance capable to support the expansions and retractions of the metallic covering of the wells that submit to the steam injection, technique very used to increase the recovery factor in oil reservoirs with high viscosity. A fresh paste with inadequate rheological behavior may commit the cementation process seriously, involving flaws that affect the performance of the paste substantially in the hardened state. This work proposes the elaboration and the rheological analysis of Portland cement pastes with addition of residues of rubber tire in several proportions, with the aim of minimizing the damages provoked in the hem cementing of these wells. By thermogravimetric analysis, the particles of eraser that go by the sieve of 0,5mm (35 mesh) opening and treated superficially with NaOH solution of 1 mol/L presented appropriate thermal resistance for wells that submit to thermal cyclic. The evaluation of the study based on the results of the rheological analysis of the pastes, complemented by the mechanical analysis, thickening, stability, tenor of free water and filtrate loss, being used as parameter a paste reference, without rubber addition. The results showed satisfactory rheology, passive of few corrections; considerable loss of mechanical resistance (traction and compression), compensated by earnings of tenacity, however with established limits for its application in oil wells; satisfactory stability, free water and thickening time