Under what conditions? Therapist and client characteristics moderate the role of change talk in brief motivational intervention.

OBJECTIVE: Client change talk has been proposed as a mechanism of change in motivational interviewing (MI) by mediating the link between therapist MI-consistent behaviors (MICO) and client behavioral outcomes. We tested under what circumstances this mechanism was supported in the context of a clinical trial of brief MI for heavy drinking among nontreatment seeking young men. METHOD: We conducted psycholinguistic coding of 174 sessions using the MI Skill Code 2.1 and derived the frequency of MICO and the strength of change talk (CTS) averaged over the session. CTS was examined as a mediator of the relationship between MICO and a drinking composite score measured at 3-month follow-up, controlling for the composite measure at baseline. Finally, we tested therapist gender and MI experience as well as client readiness to change and alcohol problem severity as moderators of this mediation model. RESULTS: CTS significantly predicted outcome (higher strength related to less drinking), but MICO did not predict CTS. However, CTS mediated the relationship between MICO and drinking outcomes when therapists had more experience in MI and when clients had more severe alcohol problems (i.e., significant conditional indirect effects). CONCLUSIONS: The mechanism hypothesized by MI theory was operative in our brief MI with heavy drinking young men, but only under particular conditions. Our results suggest that attention should be paid to therapist selection, training, and/or supervision until they reach a certain level of competence, and that MI might not be appropriate for nontreatment seeking clients drinking at a lower level of risk. (PsycINFO Database Record

Alternativas quimiométricas para a resolução de problemas analíticos clássicos: determinação espectrofotométrica de misturas de zircônio e háfnio

The determination of zirconium-hafnium mixtures is one of the most critical problem of the analytical chemistry, on account of the close similarity of their chemical properties. The spectrophotometric determination proposed by Yagodin et al. show not many practical applications due to the significant spectral interference on the 200-220 nm region. In this work we propound the use of a multivariate calibration method called partial least squares ( PLS ) for colorimetric determination of these mixtures. By using PLS and 16 calibration mixtures we obtained a model which permits determination of zirconium and hafnium with accuracy of about 1-2% and 10-20%, respectively. Using conventional univariate calibration the inaccuracy of the determination is about 10-25% for zirconium and above 57% for hafnium.

Pienpuun hyödyntäminen havuvanerin valmistuksessa

Tämän diplomityön tavoitteena on selvittää pienpuun käytön vaikutuksia Pellos 1 ja Pellos 2 -havuvaneritehtaiden kannattavuuteen. Työssä tutkitaan myös sitä, miten suuria määriä pienpuuta Pellos 1:llä on mahdollista hyödyntää, ja millaisilla keinoilla sekä investoinneilla pienpuun sorvausta voidaan tehostaa. Tutkimuksessa esitettävät laskelmat perustuvat Pekka Hyttisen vuonna 2000 valmistuneen diplomityön koeajojen tuloksiin. Pienpuulla tarkoitetaan tässä yhteydessä latvaläpimitaltaan 170–220 millimetriä paksua tukkia. Kannattavuuslaskelmien tuloksena esitetään Pellos 1:n ja Pellos 2:n tuotantokapasiteetin, hyötysuhteen, muuttuvien kustannusten ja myyntikatteen muuttuminen puun latvaläpimittaluokan funktiona. Lisäksi vertaillaan Pellos 1:n ja Pellos 2:n tunnuslukujen välisiä suhteita ja selvitetään, kummalla tehtaalla pienpuun käyttö vanerin valmistuksen raaka-aineena on järkevämpää. Diplomityön toinen tutkimusosa koskee Pellos 1:llä käsiteltävän pienpuun maksimimäärää sekä tehtaan katkaisu- ja sorviosaston toimintaa. Pellos 1:n suurimpaan mahdolliseen pienpuun käsittelymäärään vaikuttaa teknisten ja tuotannollisten rajoitusten lisäksi myös tukkijakauman rakenne sekä pienpuun käytön lisäämisestä aiheutuva puuraaka-aineen lisätarve. Pienpuun käyttö nostaa katkaisu- ja sorviosastolla käsiteltävää puun kappalemäärää, minkä seurauksena koneiden prosessointinopeus joutuu koetukselle. Tutkimuksen lopussa käsitellään modernisointikohteita, joilla sorvauksen saantoa pystyttäisiin parantamaan ja sorvien toimintaa nopeuttamaan.

Lääke- ja hoitotiede

Kokoelma sijaitsee pääosin terveysalan sekä sosiaali- ja terveysalan yksiköissä. Yhteensä monografioita on 10 220 kpl (maaliskuu 2008). Teoksista 90 % on suomenkielisiä, ja 9 % englanninkielisiä. Kokoelmasta 18 % on julkaistu 1980-luvulla, 44 % 1990-luvulla ja 35 % 2000-luvulla. Kokoelma tukee erityisesti terveysalan, mutta myös sosiaalialan koulutusohjelmia. Aihealueista laajin on Elimet ja taudit (39%). Aihealueen alla kattavimmin on edustettuna psykiatria, erityisesti psykoterapia ja mielenterveystyö sekä mielenterveys ja tunne-elämän häiriöt. Muita laajempia aihealueita Elimet ja taudit -aihealueen sisällä ovat sisäelimet ja sisätaudit, gynekologia ja hermosto ja neurologia. Toiseksi laajin aihealue on Yleinen terveydenhoito (33%), ja tämän aihealueen sisällä laajimmat aihealueet ovat hoitotiede, yleinen terveydenhoito, sosiaalilääketiede ja tapaturmantorjunta ja ensiapu. Kolmanneksi eniten on hoitomenetelmiin liittyvää aineistoa (10%) aihealueinaan hoitomenetelmien lisäksi kirurgia ja leikkaushoito, lääkehoito ja fysioterapia. Kokoelma sisältää lisäksi naprapatian alan kirjallisuutta. Käsikirjaston kirjoja ei saa kotilainaan, muuta aineistoa lainataan.

In vivo co-ordinated interactions between inhibitory systems to control glutamate mediated hippocampal excitability.

We present an overview of the long-term adaptation of hippocampal neurotransmission to cholinergic and GABAergic deafferentation caused by excitotoxic lesion of the medial septum. Two months after septal microinjection of 2.7 nmol a -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA), a 220% increase of GABA A receptor labelling in the hippo- campal CA3 and the hilus was shown, and also changes in hippocampal neurotransmission characterised by in vivo microdialysis and HPLC. Basal amino acid and purine extra- cellular levels were studied in control and lesioned rats. In vivo effects of 100 m M KCl perfusion and adenosine A 1 receptor blockade with 1,3-dipropyl- 8-cyclopentylxanthine (DPCPX) on their release were also investigated. In lesioned animals GABA, glutamate and glutamine basal levels were decreased and taurine, adenosine and uric acid levels increased. A similar response to KCl infusion occurred in both groups except for GABA and glutamate, which release decreased in lesioned rats. Only in lesioned rats, DPCPX increased GABA basal level and KCl-induced glutamate release, and decreased glutamate turnover. Our results evidence that an excitotoxic septal lesion leads to increased hippocampal GABA A receptors and decreased glutamate neurotransmis- sion. In this situation, a co-ordinated response of hippocampal retaliatory systems takes place to control neuron excitability.

Marssi

Soitinnus: piano.

Validação de metodologia analítica por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência para quantificação de bupivacaína (S75-R25) em nanoesferas de poli(lactídeo-co-glicolídeo)

Bupivacaine (S75-R25, NovaBupi®) is an amide type local anesthetic widely used. The present work consists of the development and validation of analytical methodology for evaluation of NovaBupi® content in the poly-lactide-co-glycolide nanospheres (PLGA-NS) by high performance liquid chromatography. The separation was made using the reversed-phase column LC-18, acetonitrile/phosphate buffer 85:15 v/v as mobile phase and detection at 220 nm. The results obtained show that the analytical methodology is accurate, reproducible, robust and linear over the concentration range 10-220.0 g/mL of NovaBupi®. The method was applied to determine the encapsulation efficiency and evaluate the release profile of NovaBupi®, showing good results.

Le Constitutionnel : journal politique et littéraire

1816/08/07 (Numéro 220).

Quantitative determination of acetaminophen, phenylephrine and carbinoxamine in tablets by high-performance liquid chromatography

An alternative methodology for analysis of acetaminophen (Ace), phenylephrine (Phe) and carbinoxamine (Car) in tablets by ion-pair reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography was validated. The pharmaceutical preparations were analyzed by using a C18 column (5 μm, 300 mm, 3.9 mm) and mobile phase consisting of 60% methanol and 40% potassium monobasic phosphate aqueous solution (62.46 mmol L-1) added with 1 mL phosphoric acid, 0.50 mL triethylamine and 0.25 g sodium lauryl sulfate. Isocratic analysis was performed under direct UV detection at 220 nm for Phe and Car and at 300 nm for Ace within 5 min.

De ludis priscorum Scandianorum palaestricis

Errata.

Validação de método para determinação de ácidos orgânicos voláteis em efluentes de reatores anaeróbios empregando cromatografia líquida

This work deals with the method validation for the determination of acetic, propionic and butyric acids (VFAs) in wastewaters from anaerobic reactors by HPLC-DAD. Separation was performed using a C18 column and the mobile phase composition were water pH 3.0 and methanol 90:10 (v/v). The detection and quantification was carried out at 220 nm. The method shows good linearity (r²>0.996), with adequate accuracy (89-102%) and relative standard deviations lower than 18%. The matrix effect was considered low (-4.1, -3.9 and 1.4%). The developed method is fast, simple and cheap; and it was applied in wastewater samples from anaerobic reactor.

Determinación simultánea de Cr, Ni y V en orina mediante et aas

A procedure for the simultaneous determination of Cr, Ni, and V in urine by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET AAS) was optimized by factorial design, and performed at a pyrolysis and atomization temperatures of 1300 and 2500 ºC, respectively, using 15 µg de Mg(NO3)2 as chemical modifier. Characteristics mass of 14, 6 and 220 ρg and detection limits of the method of 0.07, 0.38 and 0.75 µg L-1 were obtained for Cr, Ni and V respectively. The methodology was validated using a Liphochek Urine Metals Control sample (Bio-Rad) (P=0.05). The methodology was applied to samples of voluntary Venezuelan people, not environmentally exposed to specific emissions, and results ranging from < LOD-1.1 and 1.3-3.3 µg L-1 was observed for Cr and V, respectively, and not detectable levels for Ni.

Nanostructured systems containing an essential oil: protection against volatilization

The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of preparing nanocapsules and nanoemulsions using tea tree oil as oily phase aiming to protect its volatilization. The nanostructures presented nanometric mean size (160-220 nm) with a polydispersity index below 0.25 and negative zeta potential. The pH values were 6.43 ± 0.37 and 5.98 ± 0.00 for nanoemulsions and nanocapsules, respectively. The oil content after preparation was 96%. The inclusion of tea tree oil in nanocapsules showed higher protection against volatilization. The analysis of mean size and polydispersity index of formulations presented no significant alteration during the storage time.

Desenvolvimento e validação de método analítico para determinação de benzoato, sorbato, metil e propilparabenos em produtos alimentícios utilizando a eletroforese capilar

In this work, a rapid and simple method using capillary electrophoresis (CE) was developed for the determination of the benzoate, sorbate, methyl and propylparaben in foodstuffs. A running buffer consisting of 20 mmol L-1 (pH = 9.3) tetraborate enabled separation of the analytes in less than 5 min. The detector wavelength was set at 220 nm. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of sodas, sweeteners, sauces and juices. The range of preservatives found were from 478.5-466.6 mg kg-1 for methylparaben , 83.7-231.3 mg kg-1 for sorbate and 336.7-428.3 mg kg-1 for benzoate.

Yrityshistorian ongelmista yhä : keskustelua

Keskustelua. Kommentti artikkeliin: Historiallinen aikakauskirja. 99 (2001) : 2, s. 220-223.