Undersökning av steady state och utvärdering av valskraft och friktion vid kallvalsning av aluminium

The purpose with this thesis was to examine the cold rolling mill located at Högskolan Dalarna and to stabilize the rolling process, to achieve steady state. Experiments with cold rolling of an aluminium strip have given results for rolling force, friction, reduction, strip tension and strain hardening. Results show that steady state has been found for the experiments with roll force and strain hardening, and not been found for the experiments with friction and reduction. Results show that increased strip tension gives lower roll forces. The roll force equation of Stone shows comparable results with reality for dry contact with reductions up to 30 %, but starts being incomparable with higher reductions. The roll force equation of Stone shows a bit higher roll forces than reality gave, but was comparable within reductions from 13 to 50 %. Experiments have shown that the aluminium strip has gone through strain hardening. Experiments show how the set roll gap did not yield the desired thickness reduction, there for the elastic spring constant for the rolling mill was examined and determined to be 417 N / mm for the specific alloy band. The influence of tension strip for roll force was examined and Results confirm the theory about how the roll force is decreased by increasing tension strip. The work rolls started to slip against the alumina strip as high tension strip; 70 N/mm2, gave low roll force; < 15kN.

Att översätta religiösa urkunder: en vansklig sysselsättning?

I kapitlet summeras senare tiders utveckling inom översättningsteori. Särskild vikt läggs vid exemplifiering av hur forskarens förförståelse av religiösa texter påverkar såväl översättning som analys. Vidare demonstreras hur val av översättningsteoretiska utgångspunkter kan leda till avgörande skillnader i översättningen.

Klassifikation av vårdåtgärder, KVÅ

Bakgrund: Behovet av att göra verksamhetsuppföljningar som bland annat grundar sig på individrelaterade åtgärder är stort inom hälso- och sjukvård och omsorg. Inom omvårdnadsområdet finns ett antal klassifikationer främst framtagna i USA. Inom medicinska området finns specialitetsspecifika klassifikationer som till exempel Klassifikation av kirurgiska åtgärder. Någon patientrelaterad, vårdgivaroberoende klassifikation har emellertid inte funnits i Sverige. Socialstyrelsen påbörjade därför ett arbete att utveckla en svensk klassifikation, oberoende av vårdgivarkategori och medicinska specialiteter. Ett första förslag till klassifikation av medicinska åtgärder, KMÅ, presenterades år 2000. Förslaget ansågs inte representera en tillräcklig bredd av åtgärder varför Svensk sjuksköterskeförening, Förbundet Sveriges arbetsterapeuter och Legitimerade sjukgymnasters förbund år 2004 fick ett uppdrag att komplettera och utveckla denna klassifikation att också gälla andra vårdåtgärder än rent medicinska.Syfte: Att utveckla en tvärprofessionell klassifikation som beskriver patientrelaterade åtgärder inom omvårdnad, arbetsterapi och sjukgymnastik. Arbetet skulle inkluderas i en redan fastställd klassifikation med medicinsk inriktning.Metod: En arbetsgrupp bestående av sjuksköterskor, arbetsterapeuter och sjukgymnaster har utvecklat ett förslag till åtgärdsklassifikation – en testmodul - som utgår från komponenterna i WHO:s Klassifikation av funktionstillstånd, funktionshinder och hälsa, ICF. Valet av struktur grundar sig på att åtgärder inom arbetsterapi, omvårdnad och sjukgymnastik sällan har som fokus kroppsstruktur utan snarare individens funktioner, aktiviteter och delaktighet samt omgivningsfaktorer. Ett protokoll för prövning av testmodulen har utformats. Resultat: Socialstyrelsen antog arbetsgruppens förslag i november 2005. I december 2005 publicerade Socialstyrelsen förslaget i form av en testmodul som skall prövas bland annat i klinisk verksamhet under år 2006. Förslaget omfattar ca 250 centrala åtgärder på aggregerad nivå inom de tre verksamhetsområdena. Utifrån resultaten från prövningarna skall förslaget justeras och ytterligare utvecklas. Detta arbete beräknas vara klart under våren 2007 för att integreras till en gemensam tvärprofessionell åtgärdsklassifikation som kan tas i bruk årsskiftet 2007/2008.

Ett praktikperspektiv på hantering av mjukvarukomponenter

Avhandlingen har resulterat i en praktikteori (verksamhetsteori). En sådan teori har betydelse i det praktiska arbetet att utvärdera och utveckla verksamheter där komponentbaserad systemutveckling bedrivs. I avhandlingen presenteras hur en intern IT-verksamhet kan bedrivas för att möta nya krav på effektivitet, förändringsbarhet, kvalitet och säkerhet.

Identifiering av parametrar till ackumulatortanken Solus1050 från consolar - en metodbeskrivning

This report describes the work done creating a computer model of a kombi tank from Consolar. The model was created with Presim/Trnsys and Fittrn and DF were used to identify the parameters. Measurements were carried out and were used to identify the values of the parameters in the model. The identifications were first done for every circuit separately. After that, all parameters are normally identified together using all the measurements. Finally the model should be compared with other measurements, preferable realistic ones. The two last steps have not yet been carried out, because of problems finding a good model for the domestic hot water circuit.The model of the domestic hot water circuit give relatively good results for low flows at 5 l/min, but is not good for higher flows. In the report suggestions for improving the model are given. However, there was not enough time to test this within the project as much time was spent trying to solve problems with the model crashing. Suggestions for improving the model for the domestic circuit are given in chapter 4.4. The improved equations that are to be used in the improved model are given by equation 4.18, 4.19 and 4.22.Also for the boiler circuit and the solar circuit there are improvements that can be done. The model presented here has a few shortcomings, but with some extra work, an improved model can be created. In the attachment (Bilaga 1) is a description of the used model and all the identified parameters.A qualitative assessment of the store was also performed based on the measurements and the modelling carried out. The following summary of this can be given: Hot Water PreparationThe principle for controlling the flow on the primary side seems to work well in order to achieve good stratification. Temperatures in the bottom of the store after a short use of hot water, at a coldwater temperature of 12°C, was around 28-30°C. This was almost independent of the temperature in the store and the DHW-flow.The measured UA-values of the heat exchangers are not very reliable, but indicates that the heat transfer rates are much better than for the Conus 500, and in the same range as for other stores tested at SERC.The function of the mixing valve is not perfect (see diagram 4.3, where Tout1 is the outlet hot water temperature, and Tdhwo and Tdhw1 is the inlet temperature to the hot and cold side of the valve respectively). The outlet temperature varies a lot with different temperatures in the storage and is going down from 61°C to 47°C before the cold port is fully closed. This gives a problem to find a suitable temperature setting and gives also a risk that the auxiliary heating is increased instead of the set temperature of the valve, when the hot water temperature is to low.Collector circuitThe UA-value of the collector heat exchanger is much higher than the value for Conus 500, and in the same range as the heat exchangers in other stores tested at SERC.Boiler circuitThe valve in the boiler circuit is used to supply water from the boiler at two different heights, depending on the temperature of the water. At temperatures from the boiler above 58.2°C, all the water is injected to the upper inlet. At temperatures below 53.9°C all the water is injected to the lower inlet. At 56°C the water flow is equally divided between the two inlets. Detailed studies of the behaviour at the upper inlet shows that better accuracy of the model would have been achieved using three double ports in the model instead of two. The shape of the upper inlet makes turbulence, that could be modelled using two different inlets. Heat lossesThe heat losses per m3 are much smaller for the Solus 1050, than for the Conus 500 Storage. However, they are higher than those for some good stores tested at SERC. The pipes that are penetrating the insulation give air leakage and cold bridges, which could be a major part of the losses from the storage. The identified losses from the bottom of the storage are exceptionally high, but have less importance for the heat losses, due to the lower temperatures in the bottom. High losses from the bottom can be caused by air leakage through the insulation at the pipe connections of the storage.