Design of a Self-Adaptive Down-Hole Layered Steam Injector and Its Application

Layered steam injection, widely used in Liaohe Oilfield at Present, is an effective recovery technique to heavy oil reserves. Which makes the steam front-peak push forward uniformly, the amount of steam injection be assigned rationally, and the effect of injection steam be obtained as expected. To maintain a fixed ratio of layered steam injection and solve the problem of nonadjustable hole diameter with the change of layer pressure in the existing injectors, a new method is proposed in this paper to design layered steam injectors based on the dynamic balance theory. According to gas-liquid two-phase flow theory and beat transfer theory, the energy equation and the heat conduction equation in boreholes are developed. By analyzing the energy equilibrium of water-steam passing through the injector hole, we find an expression to describe the relation between the cross-sectional area of injector hole and the layer pressure. With this expression, we provide a new set of calculation methods and write the corresponding computer program to design and calculate the main parameters of a steam injector. The actual measurement data show that the theoretically calculated results are accurate, the software runs reliably, and they provide the design of self-adjustable layered steam injectors with the theoretical foundation.

Design of a Self-Adaptive Down-Hole Layered Steam Injector and Its Application

Layered steam injection, widely used in Liaohe Oilfield at present, is an effective recovery technique to heavy oil reserves. Which makes the steam front-peak push forward uniformly, the amount of steam injection be assigned rationally, and the effect of injection steam be obtained as expected. To maintain a fixed ratio of layered steam injection and solve the problem of nonadjustable hole diameter with the change of layer pressure in the existing injectors, a new method is proposed in this paper to design layered steam injectors based on the dynamic balance theory According to gas-liquid two-phase flow theory and heat transfer theory, the energy equation and the heat conduction equation in boreholes are developed. By analyzing the energy equilibrium of water-steam passing through the injector hole, we find an expression to describe the relation between the cross-sectional area of injector hole and the layer pressure. With this expression, we provide a new set of calculation methods and write the corresponding computer program to design and calculate the main parameters of a steam injector. The actual measurement data show that the theoretically calculated results are accurate, the software runs reliably, and they provide the design of self-adjustable layered steam injectors with the theoretical foundation.

Microstructure Evolution of Laser Pulse processed Ductile Iron Surface

Pulsed laser beam was used to modify surface processing for ductile iron. The microstructures of processed specimen were observed using optical microscope (OM). Nanoindentation and micro-hardness of microstructures were measured from surface to inner of sample. The experimental results show that, modification zone is consisted of light melted zone, phase transformation hardening area and transient area. The light melt area is made up of coarse dendrite crystalline with a thickness less than 20um, phase transformation hardening area mainly of laminal or acicular martensite, retained austenite and graphite, i.e. M+A prime+ G. The cow-eye microstructure around graphite sphere always is formed in phase transformation hardening area zone, which consisting of a variety structure with the distance from the surface. So, it maybe as a obvious sign distinguishing modification zone border. Finally, the microstructures evolution of laser pulse processed ductile iron was analyzed coupling with beam energy distribution in space and laser pulse heating procession characteristics. The analysis shows that energy distribution of laser pulse has an important effect on microstructure during laser pulse modified ductile iron. Multi-scale and interlace arrangement are the important features for laser pulse modified ductile iron. Of microstructure.

Avaliação de Processo : Modelagem do processo de elaboração do Relatório de Auditoria de Gestão

Analisa o projeto de modelagem dos processos da Secretaria de Controle Interno – Secin, integrante do planejamento estratégico para o período 2014 – 2015. A abordagem do estudo é descritiva, sendo esperados como resultado o fortalecimento da estrutura de controles internos da secretaria e o aperfeiçoamento do processo de auditar a gestão anual da Câmara dos Deputados.

Gestão das Informações Gerenciais e o Processo de Tomada de Decisão na Câmara dos Deputados: Indicadores de gestão na alocação de servidores na Secretaria Executiva da Comissão Permanente de Licitação

Analisa o processo de tomada de decisão na Câmara dos Deputados baseado na gestão de informações gerenciais. O trabalho foi motivado pela dificuldade encontrada pelos gestores em obter informações de forma rápida e segura para subsidiar discussões, reflexões e as decisões. Para tanto, o método utilizado foi descritivo com um estudo de caso com foco nos pedidos de alocação de servidores na Secretaria Executiva da Comissão Permanente de Licitação como objeto. Os resultados encontrados foram: a necessidade de se estabelecer critérios mais objetivos e claros na alocação de pessoal; e a utilização de sistemas de gestão de informações que auxiliem na tomada de decisão do gestor da Câmara dos Deputados.

Questões sobre processo legislativo e regimento interno

Totalizando 345 questões, totalmente reformuladas em relação à primeira edição de 2002, procura usar linguagem simples para traduzir os principais institutos, regras e costumes da prática parlamentar e do processo legislativo no âmbito da Câmara dos Deputados.

Processo ético-disciplinar no âmbito da Corregedoria Parlamentar da Câmara dos Deputados

Versão PDF.

Código de processo civil : Lei nº 13.105, de 16 de março de 2015

Lei nº 13.105, de 16 de março de 2015, que institui o Código de Processo Civil Brasileiro.

Trace Metal Sensors for Coastal Monitoring, Seaside, California, April 11-13, 2005: workshop proceedings

The Alliance for Coastal Technologies (ACT) Workshop on Trace Metal Sensors for Coastal Monitoring was convened April 11-13, 2005 at the Embassy Suites in Seaside, California with partnership from Moss Landing Marine Laboratories (MLML) and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI). Trace metals play many important roles in marine ecosystems. Due to their extreme toxicity, the effects of copper, cadmium and certain organo-metallinc compounds (such as tributyltin and methylmercury) have received much attention. Lately, the sublethal effects of metals on phytoplankton biochemistry, and in some cases the expression of neurotoxins (Domoic acid), have been shown to be important environmental forcing functions determining the composition and gene expression in some groups. More recently the role of iron in controlling phytoplankton growth has led to an understanding of trace metal limitation in coastal systems. Although metals play an important role at many different levels, few technologies exist to provide rapid assessment of metal concentrations or metal speciation in the coastal zone where metal-induced toxicity or potential stimulation of harmful algal blooms, can have major economic impacts. This workshop focused on the state of on-site and in situ trace element detection technologies, in terms of what is currently working well and what is needed to effectively inform coastal zone managers, as well as guide adaptive scientific sampling of the coastal zone. Specifically the goals of this workshop were to: 1) summarize current regional requirements and future targets for metal monitoring in freshwater, estuarine and coastal environments; 2) evaluate the current status of metal sensors and possibilities for leveraging emerging technologies for expanding detection limits and target elements; and 3) help identify critical steps needed for and limits to operational deployment of metal sensors as part of routine water quality monitoring efforts. Following a series of breakout group discussions and overview talks on metal monitoring regulatory issues, analytical techniques and market requirements, workshop participants made several recommendations for steps needed to foster development of in situ metal monitoring capacities: 1. Increase scientific and public awareness of metals of environmental and biological concern and their impacts in aquatic environments. Inform scientific and public communities regarding actual levels of trace metals in natural and perturbed systems. 2. Identify multiple use applications (e.g., industrial waste steam and drinking water quality monitoring) to support investments in metal sensor development. (pdf contains 27 pages)

As regras informais e o processo decisório na Câmara dos Deputados

Instituições políticas são formadas por regras formais e informais, sendo que estas últimas, apesar do seu papel importante no processo decisório, geralmente são de difícil acesso aos pesquisadores. Com o objetivo de identificar algumas dessas regras informais e compreender seu papel no processo político decisório, o estudo apresenta a análise de quatro casos de regras informais existentes na Câmara dos Deputados, fundamentada na tipologia de regras informais de Helmke e Levitsky (2004). A análise aponta para a opção dos atores por regras informais com resultados sejam diferentes daqueles previstos nas regras formais.

Regulação Participativa : Interação do Parlamento e da sociedade civil no processo decisório e normativo das agências reguladoras brasileiras

Trata do relacionamento institucional das agências reguladoras brasileiras com o Congresso Nacional e a sociedade civil em geral, analisando a situação atual desta interação e buscando apontar caminhos para aprimorá-la.

Fundamentos do controle judicial do processo legislativo com base em normas regimentais no direito comparado

Analisa o processo legislativo e a possibilidade de controle judicial dos atos praticados no seu curso com fundamento nas normas regimentais.

Polícia do Senado Federal : processo de institucionalização

Pesquisa descritiva e exploratória acerca da Polícia do Senado Federal, instituição pouco explorada pela literatura acadêmica. O objetivo geral é analisar o processo de institucionalização da Polícia do Senado Federal, para tanto, se objetiva indicar como a Polícia do Senado se situa em seu processo de institucionalização, conforme a divisão em fases preceituada por Tolbert e Zucker (2010).