云南基诺族及汉族特发性全面强直-阵挛性癫(癎)与CLCN2基因的相关性

目的 研究氯离子通道CLC-2基因是否与中国云南地区基诺族及汉族特发性全面强直-阵挛性癫(癎)(IGTCS)相关.方法 以14例云南西双版纳傣族自治州景洪市基诺乡基诺族IGTCS患者及其16名未发病亲属、67例云南籍汉族IGTCS患者及57名云南籍汉族健康体检者为对照,对常染色体3q26上CLCN2基因的内含子2及外显子5、19(内含子18)进行研究,采用PCR及直接基因测序技术,应用病例-对照研究法对CLCN2基因与云南基诺族及汉族IGTCS进行相关性分析.结果 CLCN2基因的内含子2及外显子5、19在病例组和对照组中均没有发现已报道的易患突变,但我们在对外显子19的序列测定过程中发现了其上游内含子18的146位上存在1个单核苷酸多态性位点:146T→C.该位点的3种基因型(TT、TC、CC)在汉族病例组(9、3、29例)和汉族对照组(22、9、26例)之间的分布差异有统计学意义(x2=16.079,P＜0.05);在基诺族组(基诺族病例组+基诺族亲属组,6、12、12例)与汉族对照组(22、9、26例)之间分布差异亦有统计学意义(x2=7.027,P＜0.05).汉族病例组与汉族对照组间TT型与非TT型基因型(分别为9、32例和22、35例)、TC型与非TC型基因型(分别为3、38例和9、48例)比较差异有统计学意义(x2=10.694,OR=4.121,P＜0.05;x2=11.592,OR=0.238,P＜0.05).结论 CLCN2基因内含子18的多态性位点146T→C可能是中国云南地区基诺族与汉族IGTCS患者的1个相关性位点,且在本组有限的样本数量研究中,此SNP位点在两个民族IGTCS患者之间的分布无民族差异.基因型TT为IGTCS的1个保护性因素,基因型TC则增加了患者的易患性.

云南文山黄牛和迪庆黄牛的遗传多样性比较研究

本文通过细胞遗传学、mtDNARFLP（线粒体DNA、限制性片段长度多态性）和血液蛋白及同工酶3个方面的研究，分析了云南文山黄牛和迪庆黄牛的遗传多样性和遗传分化关系。结果：（1）细胞遗传学云南两个地方黄牛品种的Y染色体形态及其C一带具有显著多态性。文山黄牛和迪庆黄牛分别为一小的近端部和亚申部（或中部）着丝位Y染色体，并分别在Y染色体的臂端部和短臂的臂端部显示弱阳性C一带，说明文山黄牛的父系起源可能是瘤牛（Bosindicus），而迪庆黄牛是普遍牛（Bostaurus）。推测两种Y染色体可能是臂问倒位的结果。（2）mtD－NARFLP两个黄牛品种的111个个体的mtDNA经8种限制性内切酶酶切后，有个酶表现出多态，共检测到17种限制性态型。归结出的3种基因单倍型，分别是A－A－A－A－A－A－A型（瘤斗）、B－B－B－B－B—B－B型（普通型）和A－C－B－B－C－A－A型（耗半Bosgrunniens）。从基因单倍型在群体中的表现可看出，文山黄牛和迪庆黄牛都具有瘤牛和普通牛两种母系起源。但文山黄牛以瘤牛血统为主，迪庆黄牛以普通牛血统为主，而且还可能含有部价耗牛的血统。（3）血液蛋白及同工酶分析了两个黄牛品种的...

Bacteriological investigations of prawn canneries 2. Incidence of Clostridium perfringens

Prawn processing factories of the three major fish processing centres of the West Coast of India, viz., Cochin, Mangalore and Calicut were surveyed to determine the occurrence of Clostridium perfringens in processing areas, and in processed products. Direct plating on Sulphite-polymyxin- sulphadiazine Agar and enrichment techniques were used. Samples of prawn, prawn guts, frozen prawns, canned prawns, water, ice, swab from utensils and soil from the factory premises were examined. Among a total of 461 samples examined, only 32 (6.9%) gave positive results. The incidence of C. perfringens was more in prawn guts (80%), followed by soil (50%), prawn (38%), ice (33.3%), frozen prawns (11%), swab (5.0%) and water (1.1%). No C. perfringens was isolated from canned prawns.

白腹锦鸡和红腹锦鸡的遗传分化

测定了白腹锦鸡C. amherstiae两个个体部分细胞色素b基因序列,得到完全相同的861bp的序列。与红腹锦鸡C. pictus的同源序列相比,在21个位点上出现变异,应用木村资生的双参数法算出两者的遗传距离为2.5%。根据鸡形目细胞色素b基因核苷酸替换的速率约为每百万年0.5%-0.7%,推断出两种锦鸡的分化时间至少为1.7百万年。从而在分子水平上支持白腹锦鸡(C. amherstiae)和红腹锦鸡(C. pictus)是两个独立种。

云南保山猪线粒体DNA D loop区序列初步分析

为了解云南保山猪(Baoshan pig)的遗传多样性及其遗传背景，我们测定了19个个体线粒体DNA Dloop高变区1 1 5 363 - 1 5 801片段序列438帅。检测到1。种单倍型，包括8个多态位点，其中5次T/ C转换、1次G/ A转换、1次G/ C颠换和1次A/ T颠换，其A.T.GX碱基的平均含量分别为35.4%.26.9%.13.2%和24.5 %,A+ T含量(62 .3)明显高于G+ C含量(37 .7 %)。对于保山猪的保种及其持续利用有着重要的理论指导意义。

New rotenoids from roots of Mirabilis jalapa

Four new rotenoids named mirabijalone A-D-1) (1-4), together with 9-O-methyl-4-hydroxyboeravinone B (5), boeravinone C (6) and F (7), and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-methylisoquinoline-7,8-diol (8), were isolated from the roots of Mirabilis jalapa. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of their HR-EI-MS, IR, UV, H-1- and C-13-NMR (DEPT). and 2D NMR (HMQC, HMBC, NOESY) data. Among them, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-methylisoquinoline-7,8-diol (8) showed a 48% inhibition against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase at 210 mug/ml.

The effect of Rosmarinus officinalis and Zataria multiflora extracts on the stability of poly unsaturated fatty acids in frozen silver carp minced

The purpose of this study, Evaluation the effect of Rosmarinus officinalis and Thymus vulgaris extracts on the stability of poly unsaturated fatty acids in frozen Silver carp minced. Treatments include: Treatment 1 - Control: frozen meat packaged in conventional Treatment 2: Frozen Silver carp minced+Thyme 300 mg/kg in normal packaging Treatment 3: Frozen Silver carp minced+Rosemary 200 mg/kg in normal packaging Treatment 4: Frozen Silver carp minced+Rosemary compound (100 mg/kg) and Thyme (100 mg/kg) in normal packaging After rapid freezing of samples in the spiral freezer by individual quick freezing method, to maintain the cold temperature (-18) °C were transferred. Sampling and measurements to determine the fatty acid profile of the zero phase beginning in the first month and then every ten days, and 15 days in the second month of the third month after the monthly test. Identifying, defining and measuring the fatty acid profile by gas chromatography was performed. In this study, levels of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in three experimental and one control were identified as follows: A: saturated fatty acids: Meristic C14: 0/Palmitic C16: 0/Hepta decaenoic C17: 0/Stearic C18: 0/Arashidic C20: 0/B:Mono unsaturated fatty acids: palmitoleic C16: 1-W7/Oleic C18: 1-W9/Gadoleic C20: 1-W9 C:Poly unsaturated fatty acids: Linoleic C18: 2-W6/α-Linolenic C18: 3-W3 D:High unsaturated fatty acids: Arachidonic C20: 4-W6 Eicosapentaenoic acid C20: 5-EPA/W3 Docosahexaenoic C22: 6-DHA/W3 Results of this study was to determine, Thyme and rosemary extracts containing silver carp minced stored in freezing conditions, Stability of different types of fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, poly-unsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are. So that none of the fatty acids measured were not significant 100% increase or decrease, While changes in the fatty acid oxidation during storage time is minimized. The results obtained from the fatty acid profiles and indicators of their and statistical tests show that treatment with rosemary extract More stable during storage (-18) ° C In comparison with the control and other treatments are shown; And at relatively low compared to other treatments and control samples oleic acid and linoleic acid, palmitic more. According to studies,in Silver carp minced that containing rosemary extract, end of the storage period of six months. Were usable, so even rosemary extract the shelf-life examples to increase more than six months.

赤腹松鼠一新亚种

查对中国南部赤腹松鼠标本(40l号)的基础上，发现分布于云南东北部昭通地区的赤腹松鼠与赤腹松 鼠其他亚种有明显的区别。毛色特征：背部棕黄色，背中央区域稍带黑色；腹部至前胸栗红色；喉、颏部棕灰色； 尾毛背腹无明显差异，尾毛末端棕黄、次末端黑，尾末端具棕黄色(稍黄白)区域；前后足背棕褐色，稍带黑色。 进一步对头骨可量性状数据进行分析(差异系数)，结果表明：分布于该地区的赤腹松鼠分别与赤腹松鼠其他13个 亚种两两之间至少有一项差异系数大于1．28，系一新亚种c蹴f眦i珏r猫e唧如me谢z，啪t撕g啪s泌s妇p．nov．。

Opioid Withdrawal for 4 Days Prevents Synaptic Depression Induced by Low Dose of Morphine or Naloxone in Rat Hippocampal CA1 Area In Vivo

The formation of memory is believed to depend on experience- or activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, which is exquisitely sensitive to psychological stress since inescapable stress impairs long-term potentiation (LTP) but facilitates long-term depression (LTD). Our recent studies demonstrated that 4 days of opioid withdrawal enables maximal extents of both hippocampal LTP and drug-reinforced behavior; while elevated-platform stress enables these phenomena at 18 h of opioid withdrawal. Here, we examined the effects of low dose of morphine (0.5 mg kg(-1), i.p.) or the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (1 mg kg(-1), i.p.) on synaptic efficacy in the hippocampal CA1 region of anesthetized rats. A form of synaptic depression was induced by low dose of morphine or naloxone in rats after 18 h but not 4 days of opioid withdrawal. This synaptic depression was dependent on both N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and synaptic activity, similar to the hippocampal long-term depression induced by low frequency stimulation. Elevated-platform stress given 2 h before experiment prevented the synaptic depression at 18 h of opioid withdrawal; in contrast, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist RU38486 treatment (20 mg kg(-1), s.c., twice per day for first 3 days of withdrawal), or a high dose of morphine reexposure (15 mg kg(-1), s.c., 12 h before experiment), enabled the synaptic depression on 4 days of opioid withdrawal. This temporal shift of synaptic depression by stress or GR blockade supplements our previous findings of potentially correlated temporal shifts of LTP induction and drug-reinforced behavior during opioid withdrawal. Our results therefore support the idea that stress experience during opioid withdrawal may modify hippocampal synaptic plasticity and play important roles in drug-associated memory. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Performance of thin film carbon materials and carbon nanotubes as cold cathodes

The field emissions from three different types of carbon films are studied using a Kiethly voltage-current source-measure unit under computer control. The three types of carbon films are : 1) a-C:H:N deposited using an inductively coupled rf PECVD process, where the N content in the films can be as high as 30 at %; 2) cathodic arc deposited tetrahedral amorphous carbon with embedded regions of carbon nanotube and anion structures and 3) unoriented carbon nanotube films on a porous substrate. The films are formed by filtering a solution of nanotubes dispersed in alcohol through the pores and drying.

Experimental investigation of turbine stator well rim seal, reingestion and interstage seal flows using gas concentration techniques and displacement measurements

Gas turbine engine performance requires effective and reliable internal cooling over the duty cycle of the engine. Life predictions for rotating components subject to the main gas path temperatures are vital. This demands increased precision in the specification of the internal air system flows which provide turbine stator well cooling and sealing. This in turn requires detailed knowledge of the flow rates through rim seals and interstage labyrinth seals. Knowledge of seal movement and clearances at operating temperatures is of great importance when prescribing these flows. A test facility has been developed at the University of Sussex, incorporating a two stage turbine rated at 400 kW with an individual stage pressure ratio of 1.7:1. The mechanical design of the test facility allows internal cooling geometry to be rapidly re-configured, while cooling flow rates of between 0.71 CW, ENT and 1.46 C W, ENT, may be set to allow ingress or egress dominated cavity flows. The main annulus and cavity conditions correspond to in cavity rotational Reynolds numbers of 1.71×106< Reφ <1.93×106. Displacement sensors have been used to establish hot running seal clearances over a range of stator well flow conditions, allowing realistic flow rates to be calculated. Additionally, gas seeding techniques have been developed, where stator well and main annulus flow interactions are evaluated by measuring changes in gas concentration. Experiments have been performed which allow rim seal and re-ingestion flows to be quantified. It will be shown that this work develops the measurement of stator well cooling flows and provides data suitable for the validation of improved thermo-mechanical and CFD codes, beneficial to the engine design process. Copyright © 2011 by Rolls-Royce plc.

无指盘臭蛙皮肤抗感染多肽组学研究

在过去的一个多世纪里，两栖类动物皮肤分泌液作为它们的第一道防御屏障引起了研究者们极大的兴趣，同时也开展了相关的许对研究，到目前为止，已从中分离鉴定出了百余种的活性物质。无指盘臭蛙是我国的一种特有两栖动物，初步的活性检测发现，无指盘臭蛙皮肤分泌液具有很强的抗菌，溶血以及蛋白酶抑制剂活性。 在本论文中，我们利用多肽组学与基因组学的方法对无指盘臭蛙皮肤的抗感染多肽组进行了研究。 通过三步分离纯化过程：一步Sephadex G-50分子筛和两步反相高压液相（RP-HPLC）的方法，从无指盘臭蛙皮肤分泌液中分离纯化得到了21条新的抗菌肽，它们分别属于17个不同的抗菌肽家族，其中8个分别属于已知的5个抗菌肽家族，它们是：Brevinin-1E(2个)、Brevinin-2E（1个）、Esculentin-1（1个）、Esculentin-2（1个）和Nigrocin（3个）抗菌肽家族。另外的13个抗菌肽与已发现的抗菌肽表现出较低的相似性，我们将它们归类到12种新的抗菌肽家族，它们是：Odorranain-A (1个)、Odorranain-B(1个)、 Odorranain-C(1个)、 Odorranain-G (1个)、Odorranain-H (2个)、 Odorranain-J (1个)、Odorranain-L (1个)、Odorranain-M (1个)、 Odorranain-N (1个)、 Odorranain-O (1个)、Odorranain-Q(1个)、 Odorranain-T(1个)。 从单个无指盘臭蛙皮肤里面，我们克隆得到了372条抗菌肽序列，它们编码107条新的抗菌肽，这一发现使得目前发现的两栖类抗菌肽的数目几乎增加了1倍。这也是目前发现的抗菌肽最为丰富的物种。这107条抗菌肽分别属于30个不同的抗菌肽家族，其中有24个为新的抗菌肽家族。这些抗菌肽的多样性可能是通过点突变、碱基的插入或删除、结构域的穿梭以及拼接等多种机制形成的。这些抗菌肽多样性的形成可能与无指盘臭蛙生活环境中微生物的组成有关。30个家族抗菌肽前体序列的SPD区域（包括信号肽和前导肽序列，Signal and Propiece Domain, SPD）非常保守，表明它们可能起源于同一个祖先基因。对7个抗菌肽家族的非同义碱基替代率Dn与同义碱基替代率Ds进行检测发现，它们可能经受着不同选择压力的作用。无指盘臭蛙皮肤抗菌肽在二级结构和功能上都表现出丰富的多样性。在一个两栖类个体里面发现如此丰富的抗菌肽甚是让人惊讶。这一发现也使得我们不得不重新认识先天性免疫在两栖类动物防御系统中的重要性，对两栖类生态环境的分子基础以及那种认为一种两栖类只需要20-30种抗菌肽就足以抵御环境中的微生物的看法重新审视。我们的研究还显示：无指盘臭蛙抗菌肽之间还存在着协同效用。 我们对无指盘臭蛙皮肤抗菌肽的去极化作用进行了研究，发现所检测的7个抗菌肽都可使金黄色葡萄球菌发生去极化，但是它们使细菌发生去极化的能力不同。对12种抗菌肽的抗菌机制研究发现，它们通过多种不同的机制发挥作用：有些在细菌内形成片层样的囊泡状结构，有些导致细胞质壁的分离，有些在细菌的膜上形成穿孔，有些则导致了细菌染色质的固缩。 总之，这些研究为设计新型的抗菌肽提供了有用的参考资料。

Thylakoid terminal oxidases are essential for the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to survive rapidly changing light intensities.

Cyanobacteria perform photosynthesis and respiration in the thylakoid membrane, suggesting that the two processes are interlinked. However, the role of the respiratory electron transfer chain under natural environmental conditions has not been established. Through targeted gene disruption, mutants of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 were generated that lacked combinations of the three terminal oxidases: the thylakoid membrane-localized cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and quinol oxidase (Cyd) and the cytoplasmic membrane-localized alternative respiratory terminal oxidase. All strains demonstrated similar growth under continuous moderate or high light or 12-h moderate-light/dark square-wave cycles. However, under 12-h high-light/dark square-wave cycles, the COX/Cyd mutant displayed impaired growth and was completely photobleached after approximately 2 d. In contrast, use of sinusoidal light/dark cycles to simulate natural diurnal conditions resulted in little photobleaching, although growth was slower. Under high-light/dark square-wave cycles, the COX/Cyd mutant suffered a significant loss of photosynthetic efficiency during dark periods, a greater level of oxidative stress, and reduced glycogen degradation compared with the wild type. The mutant was susceptible to photoinhibition under pulsing but not constant light. These findings confirm a role for thylakoid-localized terminal oxidases in efficient dark respiration, reduction of oxidative stress, and accommodation of sudden light changes, demonstrating the strong selective pressure to maintain linked photosynthetic and respiratory electron chains within the thylakoid membrane. To our knowledge, this study is the first to report a phenotypic difference in growth between terminal oxidase mutants and wild-type cells and highlights the need to examine mutant phenotypes under a range of conditions.

鲢早期发育阶段鱼体脂肪酸组成变化

用气相色谱仪分析了鲢受精卵和仔鱼的脂肪酸组成及其变化。受精卵中共检测到 1 9种脂肪酸 ;SFA含量最高 ,其次为 PUFA,MUFA最少。 SFA中以 1 6 C∶ 0为主 ,MUFA中以1 8C∶ 1为主 ,PUFA中以 DHA、AA和 EPA为主 ;n- 3 /n- 6为 2 .45。初孵仔鱼中 HUFA因卵膜的脱落而减少 ,以后逐渐积累 ;鲢仔鱼具有将 1 8C PUFA转化为长链 HUFA的能力 ;在早期发育阶段 ,鲢仔鱼主要消耗 1 6 C∶ 0作为能量代谢的基质。

Feeding rates affect heat shock protein levels in liver of larval white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus)

A two-week trial was conducted to study the effect of feeding rates on heat shock protein levels in larval white sturgeon. The larvae (30 day post hatch, 230 mg initial body weight) were fed a commercial feed (12.6% moisture, 49.5% crude protein. 20.7% Crude fat, and 8.6% ash) at 5, 15. or 25% body weight per clay (BW d(-1)). Liver heat shock proteins (Hsp) were measured before and after the larvae were subjected to a heat shock from 18 to 26 degrees C at 1 degrees C/15 min and maintained at 26 degrees C for 4 h thereafter. Before heat shock, larvae fed 5% BW d(-1) had significantly (P<0.05) lower final body weight, RNA/DNA ratio, whole body lipid and protein content, and Hsp60 and Hsp70 levels but higher protein efficiency ratio, and whole body moisture content than larvae fed the two higher feeding rates. Heat shock significantly induced Hsp60 and Hsp70 levels in the liver of all fish but they were lower in larvae fed the 5% than those fed 15 and 25% BW d(-1). Hsp70 level increased much more than Hsp60 after the heat shock Suggesting that Hsp70 is a more sensitive biomarker under our experimental conditions. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.