947 resultados para Propagation
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Geociências, Museu Nac. Hist. Nat. Univ. Lisboa, nº 2, 35-84
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O constante desenvolvimento observado nas ligações adesivas, em conjunto com as melhorias verificadas nas características dos adesivos, estão a ser traduzidos, de uma certa forma, num aumento das aplicações das ligações adesivas, assim como na variedade de aplicações. No âmbito da previsão de resistência de juntas adesivas, dois métodos de grande relevância são a Mecânica da Fratura e os Modelos de Dano Coesivo. Os Modelos de Dano Coesivo permitem a simulação da iniciação e propagação do dano, recorrendo ao Método Dos Elementos Finitos. No que concerne à Mecânica da Fratura, a previsão de resistência é geralmente feita através de uma análise energética. Independentemente da forma como é obtida, a taxa crítica de libertação de energia de deformação à tração (GIc) dos adesivos é um dos parâmetros mais importantes para a previsão da resistência das juntas. Dois dos ensaios mais utilizados são o Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) e o Tapered Double Cantilever Beam (TDCB). Este trabalho pretende determinar e comparar o valor de GIc em juntas adesivas pelos ensaios DCB e TDCB. São utilizados três tipos de adesivos com diferentes graus de ductilidade. No ensaio DCB os métodos utilizados para a determinação de GIc são: Compliance-Based Beam Method (CBBM), Corrected Beam Theory (CBT) e Compliance Calibration Method (CCM). Os métodos utilizados no ensaio TDCB são: Simple Beam Theory (SBT), Corrected Beam Theory (CBT) e Compliance Calibration Method (CCM). Os resultados obtidos apresentam concordância entre os vários métodos de cada ensaio. A discrepância de resultados é superior quando comparados os dois tipos de ensaios.
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This master’s thesis addresses the maintenance of pre-computed structures, which store a frequent or expensive query, for the nested bag data type in the high level work-flow language Pig Latin. This thesis defines a model suitable to accommodate incremental expressions over nested bags on Pig Latin. Afterwards, the partitioned normal form for sets is extended with further restrictions, in order to accommodate the nested bag model, allow the Pig Latin nest and unnest operators revert each other, and create a suitable environment to the incremental computations. Subsequently, the extended operators – extended union and extended difference – are defined for the nested bag data model with the partitioned normal form for bags (PNF Bag) restriction, and semantics for the extended operators are given. Finally, incremental data propagation expressions are proposed for the nest and unnest operators on the data model proposed with the PNF Bag restriction, and the proof of correctness is given.
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This paper addresses limit cycles and signal propagation in dynamical systems with backlash. The study follows the describing function (DF) method for approximate analysis of nonlinearities and generalizes it in the perspective of the fractional calculus. The concept of fractional order describing function (FDF) is illustrated and the results for several numerical experiments are analysed. FDF leads to a novel viewpoint for limit cycle signal propagation as time-space waves within system structure.
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Many important questions regarding pathophysiology and treatment of cerebral sinovenous thrombosis need clarification and may depend on further knowledge on the etiology, site, extension and recanalization of the thrombosis. We studied these variables in a cohort of children and adolescents from seven Portuguese Centers. We conclude from our results that the deep venous system and the superior longitudinal sinus are less frequently affected with thrombosis but have a greater potential for serious neurologic disease and for major sequelae. Non-recanalization, at least in the long term, is not an adverse prognostic factor. Extensive propagation of the thrombus from the initial site of origin seems to be common. The early identification of risk factors and their treatment coupled with an aggressive attitude towards diagnosis and treatment for thrombosis involving the deep venous system would be warranted.
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The aim of this research was to evaluate the prevalence of Sthaphylococcus spp. and S. aureus in the odontological clinic environment (air), their production of beta-lactamase and antibacterial susceptibility to the major antibiotics utilized in medical particle. During 12 months of samples collect were isolated 9775 CFU by MSA medium suggesting a high amount of Staphylococcus spp. in the clinic environment which can appear through aerosols. A total of 3149 colonies (32.2%) were suggestive of pathogenic staphylococci. Gram coloration, catalase test, colony-mallow growing on chromogenic medium, and coagulase test confirmed the identity of 44 (0.45%) S. aureus isolates. Of these, 35 isolates (79.5%) showed production of beta-lactamase by CefinaseTM discs and resistance to ampicillin, erythromycin (7 isolates) and tetracycline (1 isolate) suggesting the existence of multiresistant isolates. The evaluation of the oxacillin MIC by Etest® assays showed susceptibility patterns suggesting the inexistence of the mecA gene in chromosomal DNA. These results point out to the need of a larger knowledge on the contamination means and propagation of this microorganism into the odontological clinic.
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Atrial electrical remodeling plays a part in recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF). It has been related to an increase in heterogeneity of atrial refractoriness that facilitates the occurrence of multiple reentry wavelets and vulnerability to AF. AIM: To examine the relationship between dispersion of atrial refractoriness (Disp_A) and vulnerability to AF induction (A_Vuln) in patients with clinical paroxysmal AF (PAF). METHODS: Thirty-six patients (22 male; age 55+/-13 years) with > or =1 year of history of PAF (no underlying structural heart disease--n=20, systemic hypertension--n=14, mitral valve prolapse--n=1, surgically corrected pulmonary stenosis--n=1), underwent electrophysiological study (EPS) while off medication. The atrial effective refractory period (AERP) was assessed at five different sites--high (HRA) and low (LRA) lateral right atrium, high interatrial septum (IAS), proximal (pCS) and distal (dCS) coronary sinus--during a cycle length of 600 ms. AERP was taken as the longest S1-S2 interval that failed to initiate a propagation response. Disp_A was calculated as the difference between the longest and shortest AERP. A_Vuln was defined as the ability to induce AF with 1-2 extrastimuli or with incremental atrial pacing (600-300 ms) from the HRA or dCS. The EPS included analysis of focal electrical activity based on the presence of supraventricular ectopic beats (spontaneous or with provocative maneuvers). The patients were divided into group A--AF inducible (n=25) and group B--AF not inducible (n=11). Disp_A was analyzed to determine any association with A_Vuln. Disp_A and A_Vuln were also examined in those patients with documented repetitive focal activity. Logistic regression was used to determine any association of the following variables with A_Vuln: age, systemic hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, left atrial size, left ventricular function, duration of PAF, documented atrial flutter/tachycardia and Disp_A. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to clinical characteristics and echocardiographic data. AF was inducible in 71% of the patients and noninducible in 29%. Group A had greater Disp_A compared to group B (105+/-78 ms vs. 49+/-20 ms; p=0.01). Disp_A was >40 ms in 50% of the patients without A_Vuln and in 91% of those with A_Vuln (p=0.05). Focal activity was demonstrated in 14 cases (39%), 57% of them with A_Vuln. Disp_A was 56+/-23 ms in this group and 92+/-78 ms in the others (p=0.07). Using logistic regression, the only predictor of A_Vuln was Disp_A (p=0.05). CONCLUSION: In patients with paroxysmal AF, Disp_A is a major determinant of A_Vuln. Nevertheless, the degree of nonuniformity of AERP appears to be less important as an electrophysiological substrate for AF due to focal activation.
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13th International Conference on Autonomous Robot Systems (Robotica), 2013
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Neste documento descreve-se o projeto desenvolvido na unidade curricular de Tese e Dissertação durante o 2º ano do Mestrado de Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores no ramo de Automação e Sistemas, no Departamento de Engenharia Eletrotécnica (DEE) do Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto (ISEP). O projeto escolhido teve como base o uso da tecnologia das redes neuronais para implementação em sistemas de controlo. Foi necessário primeiro realizar um estudo desta tecnologia, perceber como esta surgiu e como é estruturada. Por último, abordar alguns casos de estudo onde as redes neuronais foram aplicadas com sucesso. Relativamente à implementação, foram consideradas diferentes estruturas de controlo, e entre estas escolhidas a do sistema de controlo estabilizador e sistema de referência adaptativo. No entanto, como o objetivo deste trabalho é o estudo de desempenho quando aplicadas as redes neuronais, não se utilizam apenas estas como controlador. A análise exposta neste trabalho trata de perceber em que medida é que a introdução das redes neuronais melhora o controlo de um processo. Assim sendo, os sistemas de controlo utilizados devem conter pelo menos uma rede neuronal e um controlador PID. Os testes de desempenho são aplicados no controlo de um motor DC, sendo realizados através do recurso ao software MATLAB. As simulações efetuadas têm diferentes configurações de modo a tirar conclusões o mais gerais possível. Assim, os sistemas de controlo são simulados para dois tipos de entrada diferentes, e com ou sem a adição de ruído no sensor. Por fim, é efetuada uma análise das respostas de cada sistema implementado e calculados os índices de desempenho das mesmas.
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Smart Cities are designed to be living systems and turn urban dwellers life more comfortable and interactive by keeping them aware of what surrounds them, while leaving a greener footprint. The Future Cities Project [1] aims to create infrastructures for research in smart cities including a vehicular network, the BusNet, and an environmental sensor platform, the Urban Sense. Vehicles within the BusNet are equipped with On Board Units (OBUs) that offer free Wi-Fi to passengers and devices near the street. The Urban Sense platform is composed by a set of Data Collection Units (DCUs) that include a set of sensors measuring environmental parameters such as air pollution, meteorology and noise. The Urban Sense platform is expanding and receptive to add new sensors to the platform. The parnership with companies like TNL were made and the need to monitor garbage street containers emerged as air pollution prevention. If refuse collection companies know prior to the refuse collection which route is the best to collect the maximum amount of garbage with the shortest path, they can reduce costs and pollution levels are lower, leaving behind a greener footprint. This dissertation work arises in the need to monitor the garbage street containers and integrate these sensors into an Urban Sense DCU. Due to the remote locations of the garbage street containers, a network extension to the vehicular network had to be created. This dissertation work also focus on the Multi-hop network designed to extend the vehicular network coverage area to the remote garbage street containers. In locations where garbage street containers have access to the vehicular network, Roadside Units (RSUs) or Access Points (APs), the Multi-hop network serves has a redundant path to send the data collected from DCUs to the Urban Sense cloud database. To plan this highly dynamic network, the Wi-Fi Planner Tool was developed. This tool allowed taking measurements on the field that led to an optimized location of the Multi-hop network nodes with the use of radio propagation models. This tool also allowed rendering a temperature-map style overlay for Google Earth [2] application. For the DCU for garbage street containers the parner company provided the access to a HUB (device that communicates with the sensor inside the garbage containers). The Future Cities use the Raspberry pi as a platform for the DCUs. To collect the data from the HUB a RS485 to RS232 converter was used at the physical level and the Modbus protocol at the application level. To determine the location and status of the vehicles whinin the vehicular network a TCP Server was developed. This application was developed for the OBUs providing the vehicle Global Positioning System (GPS) location as well as information of when the vehicle is stopped, moving, on idle or even its slope. To implement the Multi-hop network on the field some scripts were developed such as pingLED and “shark”. These scripts helped upon node deployment on the field as well as to perform all the tests on the network. Two setups were implemented on the field, an urban setup was implemented for a Multi-hop network coverage survey and a sub-urban setup was implemented to test the Multi-hop network routing protocols, Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) and Babel.
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This article presents a novel method for visualizing the control systems behavior. The proposed scheme uses the tools of fractional calculus and computes the signals propagating within the system structure as a time/frequency-space wave. Linear and nonlinear closed-loop control systems are analyzed, for both the time and frequency responses, under the action of a reference step input signal. Several nonlinearities, namely, Coulomb friction and backlash, are also tested. The numerical experiments demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed methodology as a visualization tool and motivate its extension for other systems and classes of nonlinearities.
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As Redes Sem Fios Enterradas (Wireless Underground Networks - WUN) são formadas por nós que comunicam entre si através de ligações sem fios e têm como meio de propagação o solo. Os sistemas de localização mais utilizados atualmente têm desvantagens ao nível da precisão e o custo. Nesta tese é proposta uma solução de localização de precisão que recorre à utilização de redes sem fios enterradas e um algoritmo de posicionamento baseados em Wi-Fi. O objetivo é estimar a localização de objetos, utilizando dispositivos Wi-Fi de baixo custo. Os resultados experimentais obtidos demonstram que o erro de localização é inferior a 0,40 m, e que esta solução é viável para, por exemplo, localizar jogadores num campo de futebol ou localizar um objeto num campo agrícola.
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O uso de ligações adesivas aumentou significativamente nos últimos anos e é hoje em dia uma técnica de ligação dominante na indústria aeronáutica e automóvel. As ligações adesivas visam substituir os métodos tradicionais de fixação mecânicos na união de estruturas. A melhoria ao longo dos anos de vários modelos de previsão de dano, nomeadamente através do Método de Elementos Finitos (MEF), tem ajudado ao desenvolvimento desta técnica de ligação. Os Modelos de Dano coesivo (MDC), usados em conjunto com MEF, são uma ferramenta viável para a previsão de resistência de juntas adesivas. Os MDC combinam critérios da resistência dos materiais para a iniciação do dano e conceitos da mecânica da fratura para a propagação da fenda. Existem diversas formas de leis coesivas possíveis de aplicar em simulações por MDC, em função do comportamento expectável dos materiais que estão a ser simulados. Neste trabalho, estudou-se numericamente o efeito de diversas formas de leis coesivas na previsão no comportamento de juntas adesivas, nomeadamente nas curvas forçadeslocamento (P-) de ensaios Double-Cantilever Beam para caracterização à tração e ensaios End-Notched Flexure para caraterização ao corte. Também se estudou a influência dos parâmetros coesivos à tração e corte nas curvas P- dos referidos ensaios. Para o Araldite®AV138 à tração e ao corte, a lei triangular é a que melhor prevê o comportamento do adesivo. Para a previsão da resistência de ambos os adesivos Araldite® 2015 e SikaForce® 7752, a lei trapezoidal é a que melhor se adequa, confirmando assim que esta lei é a que melhor caracteriza o comportamento de dano de adesivos tipicamente dúcteis. O estudo dos parâmetros revelou influência distinta na previsão do comportamento das juntas, embora com bastantes semelhanças entre os diferentes tipos de adesivos.
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Objective: Early onset benign occipital lobe epilepsy (Panayiotopoulos syndrome [PS]) is a common and easily recognizable epilepsy. Interictal EEG spike activity is often multifocal but most frequently localized in the occipital lobes. The origin and clinical significance of the extra-occipital spikes remain poorly understood. Methods: Three patients with the PS and interictal EEG spikes with frontal lobe topography were studied using high-resolution EEG. Independent component analysis (ICA) was used to decompose the spikes in components with distinct temporal dynamics. The components were mapped in the scalp with a spline-laplacian algorithm. Results: The change in scalp potential topography from spike onset to peak, suggests the contribution of several intracranial generators, with different kinetics of activation and significant overlap. ICA was able to separate the major contributors to frontal spikes and consistently revealed an early activating group of components over the occipital areas in all the patients. The local origin of these early potentials was established by the spline-laplacian montage. Conclusions: Frontal spikes in PS are consistently associated with early and unilateral occipital lobe activation, suggesting a posteroanterior spike propagation. Significance: Frontal spikes in the PS represent a secondary activation triggered by occipital interictal discharges and do not represent an independent focus.
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Grande parte do tráfego online tem origem em páginas de resultados de motores de de pesquisa. Estes constituem hoje uma ferramenta fundamental de que os turistas se socorrem para pesquisar e filtrar a informação necessária ao planeamento das suas viagens, sendo, por isso, bastante tidos em conta pelas entidades ligadas ao turismo no momento da definição das suas estratégias de marketing. No presente documento é descrita a investigação feita em torno do modo de funcionamento do motor de pesquisa Google e das métricas que utiliza para avaliação de websites e páginas web. Desta investigação resultou a implementação de um website de conteúdos afetos ao mercado de turismo e viagens em Portugal, focado no mercado do turismo externo – All About Portugal. A implementação do website pretende provar, sustentando-se em orientações da área do SEO, que a propagação de conteúdos baseada unicamente nos motores de pesquisa é viável, confirmando, deste modo, a sua importância. Os dados de utilização desse mesmo website introduzem novos elementos que poderão servir de base a novos estudos.