Avaliação do censo populacional e ocupacional em cinco comunidades rurais no município de São José de Ubá - RJ.

Através dos censos populacionais pode-se conhecer melhor a situação de vida, social e econômica da população em geral. Para conhecer e compreender melhor os problemas de cinco comunidades do município de São José de Ubá, localizada na Região Noroeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, a equipe do Projeto Gestão Participativa da Sub-Bacia do Rio São Domingos - GEPARMBH, referente ao Edital CTHidro 02/2002 - FINEP realizou um censo populacional e ocupacional, em janeiro de 2004. Foi aplicado um questionário previamente elaborado e validado por alguns moradores destas comunidades. Os dados obtidos estão apresentados pelos temas: distribuição populacional e número de casas, distribuição da população por idade e sexo, população infanto-juvenil, distribuição ocupacional e conclusões. Dos resultados obtidos tem-se que em todas as cinco comunidades pesquisadas a população masculina é maior do que a feminina, que todos os jovens em idade escolar estavam frequentando escola, as comunidades mais populosas têm menos jovens que trabalham proporcionalmente às comunidades menos populosas.

Programa Nacional de Joyería. Asesoría en diseño para cuello y cordones en fibras naturales, Agosto 2002 - Bogotá.

18 hojas : Fotografías.

Antimicrobial activities and diversity of sponge derived microbes

In this study, marine sponges collected in Irish waters were analysed for their associated microbiota. Of the approximately 240 bacterial isolates obtained from two sponges several showed antimicrobial activity; among them members of genera which have rarely been shown to produce antimicrobial compounds. Differences observed from the sponge-derived groups of isolates in terms of bioactivity suggests that S. carnosus isolates may be a better source of antibacterial compounds, while Leucosolenia sp. isolates appear to be a better source of antifungal compounds. More than 60% of fungal isolates obtained from 12 sponge samples proved to be bioactive. One of the isolates, which was closely related to Fusarium oxysporum and showed activity against bacteria and fungi, was investigated for its secondary metabolite genes. At least 5 different NRPS genes, with a sequence similarity as low as 50 % to known genes, were identified highlighting the likelihood that this isolate may be capable of producing novel secondary metabolites. A Micromonospora sp. was isolated from a Haliclona simulans sample collected in Irish waters. The isolate inhibited the growth of Gram positive bacterial test strains in three different antimicrobial assays. Employing preparative layer chromatography the compound responsible for the bioactivity could be isolated. According to LC-MS andNMR data the bioactive compound could indeed be novel. Finally, two deep water sponges were shown to host a remarkably different bacterial and archaeal diversity by application of 454 Pyrosequencing. The L. diversichela –proteobacterial community was dominated by a single ƴ-proteobacterial bacterium whereas the S. normani sample hosted a largely sponge specific microbial community, even more diverse than has been previously reported for shallow water sponges. Organisms potentially involved in nitrification, sulphate reduction and secondary metabolite production were found to be spatially distributed in the sponge. Furthermore, a deep sea specific population was implied.

Exploiting the bioactive potential of marine sponge microbiota

Endospore-forming bacteria are often isolated from different marine sponges, but their abundance varies, and they are frequently missed by culture-independent studies. Within endospore-formers, Bacillus are renowned for the production of antimicrobials and other compounds of medical and industrial importance. Although this group has been well studied in many different environments, very little is known about the actual diversity and properties of sporeformers associated with marine sponges. Identification of the endospore-forming bacteria associated with the marine sponges; Haliclona simulans, Amphilectus fucorum and Cliona celata, has uncovered an abundant and diverse microbial population composed of Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Solibacillus, Halobacillus and Viridibacillus species. This diversity appears to be overlooked by other non-targeted approaches where spore-formers are masked by more dominant species within the ecosystem. In addition to the identification of two antibiotic resistant plasmids, this bank of sporeformers produce a range of bioactive compounds. New antimicrobial compounds are urgently needed to combat the spread of multidrug resistant pathogens, as few new options are entering the drug discovery pipelines for clinical trials. Based on the results of this project, endospore-formers associated with marine sponges may hold the answer. The power of coupling functional based assays with genomic approaches has enabled us to identify a novel class 1 lantibiotic, subtilomycin, which is active against several clinically relevant pathogens. Subtilomycin is encoded in the genomes of all the marine sponge B. subtilis isolates analysed. They cluster together phylogenetically and form a distinct group from other sequenced B. subtilis strains. Regardless of its potential clinical relevance, subtilomycin may be providing these strains with a specific competitive advantage(s) within the stringent confines of the marine sponge environment. This work has outlined the industrial and biotechnological potential of marine sponge endospore-formers which appear to produce a cocktail of bioactive compounds. Genome sequencing of specific marine sponge isolates highlighted the importance of mining extreme environments and habitats for new lead compounds with potential therapeutic applications.

Characterising novel anti-biofilm targets for the treatment of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in the cystic fibrosis lung

The global rise in antibiotic resistance is a significant problem facing healthcare professionals. In particular within the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung, bacteria can establish chronic infection and resistance to a wide array of antibiotic therapies. One of the principle pathogens associated with chronic infection in the CF lung is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa can establish chronic infection in the CF lung partly through the use of the biofilm mode of growth. This biofilm mode of growth offers a considerable degree of protection from a wide variety of challenges such as the host immune system or antibiotic therapy. The threat posed by the emergence of chronic pathogens is prompting the development of next generation antimicrobials. The biofilm mode of growth is often central to the establishment of chronic infection and the development of antibiotic resistance. Thus, targeting biofilm formation has emerged as one of the principle strategies for the development of next generation antimicrobials. In this thesis two separate approaches were used to identify potential anti - biofilm targets. The first strategy focused on the identification of novel genes with a role in a biofilm formation. High throughput screening identified almost 300 genes which had a role in biofilm formation. A number of these genes were characterised at a phenotypic and a molecular level. The second strategy focused on the identification of compounds capable of inhibiting biofilm formation. A collection of marine sponge isolated bacteria were screened for the ability to inhibit the central pathway regulating biofilm formation, quorum sensing. A number of distinct isolates were identified that had quorum sensing inhibition activity from which, a Pseudomonas isolate was selected for further characterisation. A specific compound capable of inhibiting quorum sensing was identified using chemical analytical technologies in the supernatant of this marine isolate.

The ocean sampling day consortium.

Ocean Sampling Day was initiated by the EU-funded Micro B3 (Marine Microbial Biodiversity, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology) project to obtain a snapshot of the marine microbial biodiversity and function of the world's oceans. It is a simultaneous global mega-sequencing campaign aiming to generate the largest standardized microbial data set in a single day. This will be achievable only through the coordinated efforts of an Ocean Sampling Day Consortium, supportive partnerships and networks between sites. This commentary outlines the establishment, function and aims of the Consortium and describes our vision for a sustainable study of marine microbial communities and their embedded functional traits.

Influencia del nitrógeno, fósforo y cinc sobre la composición química y rendimiento de la nuez pecán y su relación con la variabilidad de nutrientes en hoja

El pecán (Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch) es una especie frutal y forestal nativa de América del Norte. Estados Unidos y Mexico representan más del 90 por ciento de la superficie y producción mundial. Argentina ocupa el tercer lugar en el mundo en superficie con 6000 hectáreas implantadas, la mayoría de la cuales se encuentran aún en una etapa juvenil con bajos rendimientos. En el país no hay estudios sobre la respuesta a la fertilización del árbol de pecán en producción. En la presente tesis se investigó el efecto de la fertilización con distintos niveles de nitrógeno (N), fósforo (P) y cinc (Zn) sobre el crecimiento vegetativo, rendimiento y composición química de la hoja y del fruto de árboles de pecan cultivar 'Stuart'. También se evaluó el efecto de la fertilización sobre la concentración de extracto etéreo, tocoferol y proteína en embrión. La fertilización tuvo efecto en el corto plazo sobre las variables tasa de crecimiento en altura y diámetro del árbol mientras que en el rendimiento el efecto fue más tardío. Los tratamientos en kg ha-1 fueron: testigo (T); tratamiento 1 (T1) con 13,2 kg de N , 5,2 kg de P y 5,4 kg de Zn; tratamiento 2 (T2) con 29,7 kg de N , 10,5 kg de P y 10,8 kg de Zn y tratamiento 3 (T3) con 46,2 kg de N , 15,7 kg de P y 21,6 kg de Zn. Se obtuvo la siguiente respuesta en peso de materia seca (MS) de embrión árbol-1: 227 g Testigo (T), 340 g Tratamiento 1 (T1), 301 g Tratamiento 2 (T2) y 558 g Tratamiento 3 (T3). El extracto etéreo no fue influído por la fertilización teniendo una concentración entre 71,51 por ciento y 75,12 por ciento mientras que en su composición en ácidos grasos predominaron los ácidos oleico (C 18:1) con 62,49 por ciento y linoleico (C 18:2) con 26,63 por ciento. Los isómeros ƒÁ-tocoferol, ƒ¿-tocoferol y ƒÀ +ƒÂ-tocoferol tampoco presentaron respuesta a la fertilización, predominado el ƒÁ-tocoferol con una concentración en peso de materia húmeda (MH) de embrión entre 45,96 mg y 55,32 mg ƒÁ-tocoferol 100 g MH-1. La fertilización tuvo influencia sobre el contenido de proteína en el embrión presentando los siguientes valores en porcentaje de MS de embrión: 7,65 por ciento T, 7,81 por ciento T1, 8,36 por ciento T2 y 9 por ciento T3. La fertilización influyó positivamente sobre la concentración de N foliar, negativamente sobre la concentración de P foliar y no tuvo efecto sobre la concentración de Zn foliar. Se encontró una relación lineal positiva entre el N foliar de verano y el peso seco de embrión y una relación lineal negativa entre el N foliar de verano y el contenido de proteína en embrión. La fertilización con N, P y Zn tuvo una influencia positiva sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento del árbol de pecan y la concentración de proteína en embrión. Sin embargo, la fertilización no tuvo efecto sobre la concentración de extracto etereo e isómeros de tocoferol en embrión

Estudio de la diferenciación y madurez sexual en la langosta de agua dulce, Cherax quadricarinatus (Decapoda, Astacidea, Parastacidae) y su aplicación en acuicultura

Cherax quadricarinatus, es una especie de langosta de agua dulce nativa de Australia y Papua Nueva Guinea que se cultiva en varios países incluyendo Argentina, por lo que las investigaciones acerca de su biología reproductiva están orientadas a conocer las condiciones óptimas de cultivo, y desarrollar técnicas para su reproducción y crecimiento. El objetivo general fue determinar el momento del desarrollo en que ocurre la diferenciación sexual y el posible rol regulador de la temperatura, caracterizar el proceso de diferenciación gonadal y madurez sexual, y los cambios morfométricos asociados. Los resultados indicaron que la diferenciación sexual secundaria ocurre a partir de los 0,23 g aproximadamente, correspondiente al estadio juvenil VI ó VII. La temperatura no ejerció un claro efecto sobre la diferenciación sexual. Las hembras, desde la diferenciación gonadal hasta su maduración, presentaron tres morfotipos ováricos. En función de la coloración ovárica, la estructura histológica y la proporción de los distintos tipos celulares se distinguieron cuatro estadios de desarrollo ovárico: I (blanco-transparente), II (crema pálido-naranja pálido), III (naranja con oocitos verdes) y IV (verde oliva). En los machos se identificaron tres estadios de desarrollo y dos tipos de appendices masculinae ó papilas fálicas. Se reconocieron diferentes patrones de intersexualidad y cuatro posibles combinaciones de aberturas genitales que permitieron definir cuatro tipos de intersexo: intersexo hembra (I), intersexo macho (II), y dos tipos de intersexo macho-hembra (III y IV). Los resultados del análisis morfométrico mostraron que los intersexos hembras representan un tipo sexual morfométricamente diferenciado de las hembras y los machos, aunque desde el punto de vista funcional son hembras. Los cambios en las relaciones morfométricas de las dimensiones de los quelípedos se vincularon con el inicio de la la madurez sexual desde el punto de vista histológico en los machos e intersexos hembra.

Influencia del nitrógeno, fósforo y cinc sobre la composición química y rendimiento de la nuez pecán y su relación con la variabilidad de nutrientes en hoja

El pecán (Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.)K. Koch)es una especie frutal y forestal nativa de América del Norte. Estados Unidos y Mexico representan más del 90 por ciento de la superficie y producción mundial. Argentina ocupa el tercer lugar en el mundo en superficie con 6000 hectáreas implantadas, la mayoría de la cuales se encuentran aún en una etapa juvenil con bajos rendimientos. En el país no hay estudios sobre la respuesta a la fertilización del árbol de pecán en producción. En la presente tesis se investigó el efecto de la fertilización con distintos niveles de nitrógeno (N), fósforo (P)y cinc (Zn)sobre el crecimiento vegetativo, rendimiento y composición química de la hoja y del fruto de árboles de pecan cultivar 'Stuart'. También se evaluó el efecto de la fertilización sobre la concentración de extracto etéreo, tocoferol y proteína en embrión. La fertilización tuvo efecto en el corto plazo sobre las variables tasa de crecimiento en altura y diámetro del árbol mientras que en el rendimiento el efecto fue más tardío. Los tratamientos en kg ha-1 fueron: testigo (T); tratamiento 1 (T1)con 13,2 kg de N , 5,2 kg de P y 5,4 kg de Zn; tratamiento 2 (T2)con 29,7 kg de N , 10,5 kg de P y 10,8 kg de Zn y tratamiento 3 (T3)con 46,2 kg de N , 15,7 kg de P y 21,6 kg de Zn. Se obtuvo la siguiente respuesta en peso de materia seca (MS)de embrión árbol-1: 227 g Testigo (T), 340 g Tratamiento 1 (T1), 301 g Tratamiento 2 (T2)y 558 g Tratamiento 3 (T3). El extracto etéreo no fue influído por la fertilización teniendo una concentración entre 71,51 por ciento y 75,12 por ciento mientras que en su composición en ácidos grasos predominaron los ácidos oleico (C 18:1)con 62,49 por ciento y linoleico (C 18:2)con 26,63 por ciento. Los isómeros ƒÁ-tocoferol, ƒ¿-tocoferol y ƒÀ +ƒÂ-tocoferol tampoco presentaron respuesta a la fertilización, predominado el ƒÁ-tocoferol con una concentración en peso de materia húmeda (MH)de embrión entre 45,96 mg y 55,32 mg ƒÁ-tocoferol 100 g MH-1. La fertilización tuvo influencia sobre el contenido de proteína en el embrión presentando los siguientes valores en porcentaje de MS de embrión: 7,65 por ciento T, 7,81 por ciento T1, 8,36 por ciento T2 y 9 por ciento T3. La fertilización influyó positivamente sobre la concentración de N foliar, negativamente sobre la concentración de P foliar y no tuvo efecto sobre la concentración de Zn foliar. Se encontró una relación lineal positiva entre el N foliar de verano y el peso seco de embrión y una relación lineal negativa entre el N foliar de verano y el contenido de proteína en embrión. La fertilización con N, P y Zn tuvo una influencia positiva sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento del árbol de pecan y la concentración de proteína en embrión. Sin embargo, la fertilización no tuvo efecto sobre la concentración de extracto etereo e isómeros de tocoferol en embrión

Funcionalidad biodemográfica del pulgón Nasonovia Ribisnigri (Mosley) (Hemiptera : Aphididae) en cultivares de lechuga Lactuca sativa (l.) tipo mantecoso en condiciones controladas

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The ocean sampling day consortium.

Ocean Sampling Day was initiated by the EU-funded Micro B3 (Marine Microbial Biodiversity, Bioinformatics, Biotechnology) project to obtain a snapshot of the marine microbial biodiversity and function of the world's oceans. It is a simultaneous global mega-sequencing campaign aiming to generate the largest standardized microbial data set in a single day. This will be achievable only through the coordinated efforts of an Ocean Sampling Day Consortium, supportive partnerships and networks between sites. This commentary outlines the establishment, function and aims of the Consortium and describes our vision for a sustainable study of marine microbial communities and their embedded functional traits.

Sports programs of the Spanish radio in the social network Facebook: compared study (2010-2015)

Social networks have increasingly become a showcase where the media can be promoted. Like many other media, radio stations have made use of social networks to promote themselves in a better way and, sometimes, to keep more feedback with their listeners. But not all programs make the same use and not all of them have managed to reach in the same way his followers. This article discusses the consolidation in the social networks of the major radio sports programs in Spain. Through a comparative analysis between 2010 and 2015, throughout the text, the authors have tried to observe the evolution of the programs and, at the same time, to establish comparisons between the followers that these programs have on social networks and the number of listeners as EGM.

The presence of the Aragonese language in the magazine "El Ebro" (1917-1936)

El Ebro (1917-1936) was a magazine published in Barcelona by Aragonese emigrants at the beginning of the 20th century. It was the first experience of coexistence of different dialectal varieties of the Aragonese language in the same media. El Ebro was an experience that has gone virtually unnoticed in the recent history of one of the most minority languages, and with minor media presence, of Western Europe. In its pages El Ebro mixed dialects spoken in different regions of linguistic Aragonese area together with transcripts of medieval documents. At the same time, this newspaper raised debates about the language issue that they were truncated due to disappearance of the publication and the lack of theoretical realization

Dynamic analysis of employment trajectories through the concept of fl exicurity

The paper presents a dynamic study of the Spanish labour market which tries to determine if it matches the characteristics of transitional labour markets from a fl exicurity approach. Employment trajectories of Spanish workers during the years 2007-2010 are studied using the Continuous Sample of Working Lives. This period covers the end of the expansion of the Spanish economy and the beginning of the current employment crisis. From the combination of the chosen topic, the approach, and the database used, this is a novel perspective in our country. The article shows evidence of the evolution of the employment and unemployment spells, the Spanish labour market turnover degree, and the diffi culties of some groups for carrying out transition between employment and unemployment. The results obtained show a labour market in which a) transitions have come to a halt, and b) there is high job insecurity.

Conscientiousness and laboriousness as academic achievement predictors in a Spanish students sample

To understand academic performance of students, the variable of conscientiousness from personality inventory Big Five, has been recognized as an important key. The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship established between the personality factor conscientiousness itself and two of its facets, laboriousness and planning, with academic performance, and observe if there are genre differences in consciousness personality factor. A total of 456 Spanish students of high school and college participated in the study. They were requested to answer a personality report and a self inform questionnaire. The results show that both conscientiousness as a personality dimension and the consideration of laboriousness facet are able to predict academic performance, especially with regard to student’s exam marks, classroom attendance and dedication to study. The genre variable pointed out that feminine genre is more conscious than male in that personality factor. From a practical perspective, these results indicate that the establishment of a routine of continuous work is suitable for improving student grades and their adaptation to the educational environment.