Limites do direito autoral e de software

Apresenta as principais informações sobre os limites da proteção autoral, abordando, também, os direitos de software. Presente na Atividade 2, Unidade 1 do Curso de Direitos Autorais ofertado pela Universidade Aberta do SUS.

Limites e possibilidades da atuação do enfermeiro da equipe de saúde da família na prevenção e detecção precoce do câncer de colo de útero e de mama na atenção básica à saúde

Este estudo foi realizado a partir de uma revisão narrativa da literatura sobre a Saúde da Mulher, em especial o câncer de colo do útero e também o de mama, com o objetivo de identificar limites e possibilidades de intervenção da equipe de saúde da família, em especial do enfermeiro, na prevenção e detecção precoce do câncer do colo de útero e de mama. A partir da literatura analisada, confirmou-se a grande necessidade de se realizar o exame papanicolau como forma de detecção precoce do câncer de colo do útero, visto que a incidência deste tipo de câncer caiu significativamente desde que este exame foi introduzido. A pesquisa apresenta ainda que, mesmo confirmado o efeito terapêutico do exame preventivo, existe uma alta taxa de mortalidade causada por este tipo de câncer que, detectado precocemente, leva à cura em quase 100% dos casos. Por isso o estudo mostra a importância do enfermeiro atuar dentro da atenção básica de saúde, promovendo ações de controle e educação em relação ao câncer de colo do útero; a qualidade de vida, buscando diminuir esta neoplasia considerada hoje, um problema de saúde pública em nosso país e no mundo.

Limites e possibilidades da atenção ao portador de hanseníase no âmbito da estratégia saúde da família

A magnitude e a transcendência da hanseníase nos indicadores brasileiros fizeram com que esse problema fosse incluído no grupo das áreas estratégicas mínimas da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) a serem desenvolvidas a partir de recentes diretrizes políticas da assistência à saúde no Brasil. No entanto, na prática observa-se que as ações para a eliminação da hanseníase ainda encontram-se centralizadas e pouco difundidas dentro do trabalho das Equipes Saúde da Família (ESF's). O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os limites e as possibilidades de implantação do Programa Nacional de Controle da Hanseníase (PCNH) nas equipes do Programa Saúde da Família (PSF). Utilizou-se como metodologia a revisão integrativa. Apesar dos poucos registros de estudos no Brasil avaliando a relação entre os indicadores epidemiológicos e as ações de intervenção da doença, percebe-se que a descentralização é um instrumento capaz de ampliar o acesso aos serviços de saúde, possibilitando a integração das atividades de detecção precoce de casos novos, tratamento poliquimioterápico, prevenção de incapacidades e vigilância de comunicantes. No entanto, observou-se que os profissionais das ESF's ainda possuem dificuldade em priorizar as ações de prevenção, controle, diagnóstico, tratamento e reabilitação das incapacidades desse agravo frente aos demais programas da atenção primária a saúde. A rotatividade de profissionais médicos, a precarização dos direitos trabalhistas dos profissionais que atuam nas ESF's, a deficiência em educação permanente, a ausência de recursos materiais e a falta de vontade política da gestão local são fatores que influenciam o não preparo das ESF's para realizar as ações de controle da hanseníase. Conclui-se que o diagnóstico mais precoce da hanseníase pode colaborar na interrupção do ciclo de transmissão da doença, além de atuar reduzindo ou evitando a incapacidade nos pacientes. Algumas experiências encontradas na literatura evidenciaram que é possível implantar o PNCH nas unidades do PSF, mas que, para isso, é preciso superar os limites relatados nesse trabalho, assim como garantir um sistema efetivo de referência e de contra-referência.

Aleitamento materno: limites e possibilidades na estratégia de saúde da família

O aleitamento materno na história alimentar da criança sempre foi essencial nos primeiros anos de vida e os benefícios tanto para mãe quanto para o bebê já são comprovados. Porém, durante essa experiência dificuldades próprias da adaptação e interferências externas podem levar ao desmame precoce. Por isso, conhecer os limites e as possibilidades do aleitamento materno, na Estratégia Saúde da Família torna-se fundamental. Este trabalho objetivou descrever os limites e possibilidades da promoção ao aleitamento materno na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa no banco de dados Lilacs e Medline dos últimos 5 anos, em português e inglês, que abordava aleitamento materno, atenção primária a saúde e promoção à saúde. Verificou-se que, toda a equipe precisa acolher cada lactante estando atento em utilizar uma linguagem acessível e livre de preconceitos para adesão ao aleitamento materno. A educação continuada com metodologias de ensino criativas é capaz de contribuir para a promoção do aleitamento e precisa ser sempre resgatada pelas enfermeiras das unidades de saúde da família e toda equipe multidisciplinar deve ser convidada a participar, criando espaço de crescimento e discussão da realidade.

Limites e proteção conferida aos direitos de personalidade

Identifica os limites e a proteção legalmente conferida ao direito de personalidade. Vídeo da atividade 6, unidade 2, do Curso de Direitos Autorais, ofertado pela Universidade Aberta do SUS.

Gestão pública em saúde: os limites da LRF e os crimes de responsabilidade fiscal

Texto que compõe o curso Responsabilidade Fiscal na Gestão Pública, de Gestão Pública em Saúde, produzido pela UNA-SUS/UFMA. Aborda aspectos importantes a respeito dos limites de gastos impostos pela Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal e as possíveis sanções e vedações previstas ao administrador público em caso de irregularidades, fortalecendo a obrigatoriedade dos gestores públicos exercerem suas atividades com responsabilidade fiscal, de forma mais controlada e de modo a não desequilibrar as contas públicas, sob pena de serem responsabilizados criminalmente.

Gases e ruídos em edificações para suínos: aplicação das normas NR-15, CIGR e ACGIH

Swine production represents an important segment of Brazilian economy, and the possibility of increasing production is eminent mainly if considered the low pork consumption when compared to other meat and the consumption of other countries. The increasing need in the international market demands show that in a near future the commercial barriers will be based on welfare, in the protection of the environment as well as in the worker's legislation. Little knowledge is available in the subject of worker's standards in the environmental agents in rural activities as well as the air quality under Brazilian conditions. The objectives of this research were to apply the main used standards related to noise and gases and to estimate occupational risk using measurements of noise level, hydrogen sulfide, methane and oxygen in swine housing, in piglet's nursery and finishing. The results showed that the continuous noise level were below the one found in the standards, however there were observed differences (P < 0.05) in relation to the noise level measured in piglet's nursing cages and in semi-slatted floor. The respective concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and methane were less than 1 ppm and less than 0,1% by volume, which was lower than the recommended limits in NR-15, CIGR and ACGIH. The oxygen level was 21% in average.

Ambiência aérea em alojamento de frangos de corte: poeira e gases

Air quality in animal production environment has been refereed as an interesting point for studies in environmental control systems with the focus both to the animal health which live in total confinement, as to the workers. The objective of this research was to determine the variation on the aerial environmental quality in two types of broiler housing: conventional (Gc) and tunnel type (Gt). The total dust values in both houses offered adequate rearing conditions to the birds; however, regarding the inhale dust in the air was above the limits recommended for humans. Carbon monoxide concentration in the heating phase during the evaluated period was above the 10 ppm maximum recommended, and it was higher during the cold season in Gt house (30 ppm) when compared to the Gc house (18 ppm). Ammonia concentration peaks in the air were above the 20 ppm recommended from the 20th day of production in both houses and in daily average, for a period higher in Gt (4h30) when compared to Gt (2h45). Only traces of nitrate oxide and methane were found while carbonic dioxide gas concentration evaluated during daytime met the limits allowed for both birds and labor.

Avaliação de linhas de beneficiamento e impactos de queda na qualidade de caqui Rama Forte

Excessive and inadequate handling of fruits and vegetables provides high incidences of physical damage, consequently, post harvest losses. The main goal of this work was to evaluate the impact magnitude in persimmon packing lines, Rama Forte, and to determine, at the laboratory, its impact limits. For evaluating the critical points it was used an instrumented sphere of 76 mm of diameter (Technmark, Inc, Lansing, USA), which registered the impact magnitude in seven distinctive impact lines located in four packing houses. For determining physical damages, tests were carried out at the laboratory, where fruit drop was related to impact magnitude, physical damage incidence and fruit post harvest losses. At the packing lines, the values found varied from 21 to 87 G on the transfer points and the majority of registered impacts (over 94%) were down 50G. Drops from 20 cm caused an increase in weight losses after six days of storage at room temperature. Drops from 20 and 30 cm caused skin darkness (low L values), associated to a decrease in color intensity (chroma). Impact drop did not affect pulp fruit chemical features.

Atributos mecânicos e erosão por salpicamento em amostras de latossolo vermelho-amarelo sob efeito de vinhaça

The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of plonk on compressive behavior and mechanical attributes such as consistency, optimum moisture for compaction and maximum density of a Red-Yellow Latosol (Oxisol) to evaluate the effect of plonk and compaction state in splashed particles, from Lavras (MG) region. The plonk was obtained from an artisanal sugarcane brandy alembic. Undisturbed and disturbed soil samples were collected at 0 to 3 cm and 60 to 63 cm depths. Disturbed soil samples were used for soil characterization, determination of consistence limits and Normal Proctor essay after material incubation with plonk. Undisturbed soil samples were saturated with plonk or distilled water (control) during 48 hours for testing the compressibility and resistance to splash by using simulated rainfall. The plonk altered the consistence limits of studied layers. For the 0-3 cm layer, the plonk reduced the friable range, and for the 60-63 cm layer the effect was in the opposite direction. For both layers, the plonk increased Dmax and decreased Uoptimum. Regardless of the plonk treatment, both layers presented the same load support capacity. The compaction degree of samples influenced the splash erosion. The increase of the applied pressure over the samples resulted in increase of splash material quantity. At the 60-63 cm layer, the plonk treatment reduced the splash material quantity by increasing the applied pressure, mainly when the samples were at field capacity.

Autoscopia: um procedimento de pesquisa e de formação

This article considers a procedure for data collection called autoscopy. Autoscopy entails the video recording of a practice with the purpose of allowing analysis and self-evaluation by one of the protagonists of that practice. The objective of the video recording is that of apprehending the actions of the agent (or agents), the scenario, and the plot that make up a situation. The recorded material is subjected to sessions of analysis after the action that aim at the understanding of the reflective process of the agent (or agents) through their verbalizations during the analysis of video recorded scenes. The present text introduces a theoretical basis for the procedure of autoscopy, deals with advantages and limitations of its use, as well as with aspects that deserve attention and, finally, describes the authors' experiences in two studies in which the procedure was employed. Starting from these two experiences, differences and similarities are pointed out between the studies, especially regarding the participants, object, and the time distribution of the video recordings. The authors draw considerations about the formative-reflective potential of the procedure, both for research situations and for the learning and training of various professionals, considering it to be an excellent educational instrument. It is, however, vital to keep in mind the need to recognize and return to the teacher, as an autoscopic participant, his condition as subject of his own profession, thereby promoting, besides the self-evaluation, also the autonomy of his thinking and doing.

Metamorfose planar via métodos Level Set e Particle Level Set para a reconstrução de superfícies tridimensionais

Evolving interfaces were initially focused on solutions to scientific problems in Fluid Dynamics. With the advent of the more robust modeling provided by Level Set method, their original boundaries of applicability were extended. Specifically to the Geometric Modeling area, works published until then, relating Level Set to tridimensional surface reconstruction, centered themselves on reconstruction from a data cloud dispersed in space; the approach based on parallel planar slices transversal to the object to be reconstructed is still incipient. Based on this fact, the present work proposes to analyse the feasibility of Level Set to tridimensional reconstruction, offering a methodology that simultaneously integrates the proved efficient ideas already published about such approximation and the proposals to process the inherent limitations of the method not satisfactorily treated yet, in particular the excessive smoothing of fine characteristics of contours evolving under Level Set. In relation to this, the application of the variant Particle Level Set is suggested as a solution, for its intrinsic proved capability to preserve mass of dynamic fronts. At the end, synthetic and real data sets are used to evaluate the presented tridimensional surface reconstruction methodology qualitatively.

Metamorfose planar via métodos Level Set e Particle Level Set para a reconstrução de superfícies tridimensionais

Evolving interfaces were initially focused on solutions to scientific problems in Fluid Dynamics. With the advent of the more robust modeling provided by Level Set method, their original boundaries of applicability were extended. Specifically to the Geometric Modeling area, works published until then, relating Level Set to tridimensional surface reconstruction, centered themselves on reconstruction from a data cloud dispersed in space; the approach based on parallel planar slices transversal to the object to be reconstructed is still incipient. Based on this fact, the present work proposes to analyse the feasibility of Level Set to tridimensional reconstruction, offering a methodology that simultaneously integrates the proved efficient ideas already published about such approximation and the proposals to process the inherent limitations of the method not satisfactorily treated yet, in particular the excessive smoothing of fine characteristics of contours evolving under Level Set. In relation to this, the application of the variant Particle Level Set is suggested as a solution, for its intrinsic proved capability to preserve mass of dynamic fronts. At the end, synthetic and real data sets are used to evaluate the presented tridimensional surface reconstruction methodology qualitatively.

Full threshold vs. Swedish interactive threshold algorithm (SITA) em pacientes glaucomatosos submetidos à perimetria computadorizada pela primeira vez

PURPOSE: To compare the Full Threshold (FT) and SITA Standard (SS) strategies in glaucomatous patients undergoing automated perimetry for the first time. METHODS: Thirty-one glaucomatous patients who had never undergone perimetry underwent automated perimetry (Humphrey, program 30-2) with both FT and SS on the same day, with an interval of at least 15 minutes. The order of the examination was randomized, and only one eye per patient was analyzed. Three analyses were performed: a) all the examinations, regardless of the order of application; b) only the first examinations; c) only the second examinations. In order to calculate the sensitivity of both strategies, the following criteria were used to define abnormality: glaucoma hemifield test (GHT) outside normal limits, pattern standard deviation (PSD) <5%, or a cluster of 3 adjacent points with p<5% at the pattern deviation probability plot. RESULTS: When the results of all examinations were analyzed regardless of the order in which they were performed, the number of depressed points with p<0.5% in the pattern deviation probability map was significantly greater with SS (p=0.037), and the sensitivities were 87.1% for SS and 77.4% for FT (p=0.506). When only the first examinations were compared, there were no statistically significant differences regarding the number of depressed points, but the sensitivity of SS (100%) was significantly greater than that obtained with FT (70.6%) (p=0.048). When only the second examinations were compared, there were no statistically significant differences regarding the number of depressed points, and the sensitivities of SS (76.5%) and FT (85.7%) (p=0.664). CONCLUSION: SS may have a higher sensitivity than FT in glaucomatous patients undergoing automated perimetry for the first time. However, this difference tends to disappear in subsequent examinations.

O esporte paraolímpico no Brasil : abordagem da sociologia do esporte de Pierre Bourdieu

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física