Putting health in all policies: The National Institute for Welfare Enhancement

Welfare is a rather vague term whose meaning depends on ideology, values andjudgments. Material resources are just means to enhance people s well-being, butgrowth of the Gross Domestic Production is still the standard measure of thesuccess of a society. Fortunately, recent advances in measuring social performanceinclude health, education and other social outcomes. Because what we measureaffects what we do it is hoped that social policies will change. The movementHealth in all policies and its associated Health Impact Assessment methodologywill contribute to it. The task consists of designing transversal policies thatconsider health and other welfare goals, the short term and long-term implicationsand intergenerational redistributions of resources. As long as marginalproductivity on health outside the healthcare system is higher than inside it,efficiency needs cross-sectoral policies. And fairness needs them even more,because in order to reduce social inequalities in health, a wide social and politicalresponse is needed.Unless we reduce the well-documented inefficiencies in our current health caresystems the welfare states will fail to consolidate and the overall economic wellbeingcould be in serious trouble. In this article we sketched some policy solutionssuch as pricing according to net benefits of innovation and public encouragementof radical innovation besides the small type incremental and market-ledinnovation. We proposed an independent agency, the National Institute forWelfare Enhancement to guarantee long term fair and efficient social policies inwhich health plays a central role.

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) stimulates DNA synthesis in fetal rat brain cell cultures.

Addition of insulin, IGF I or IGF II to serum-free cultures of fetal rat brain cells (gestation day 15/16) significantly stimulates DNA synthesis. The dose-response curves show that IGF I is more potent than insulin; half maximal stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation is obtained at about 0.4 nM IGF I and 14 nM insulin, respectively. Cultures initiated 2 days later (gestation day 17/18) showed a decreased responsiveness to both peptides. No additive effect was observed after combined addition of both peptides at near-maximal doses. Both peptides show a latency of action of about 12-18 h. In the presence of either IGF or insulin, neuronal as well as glial enzymes are increased, suggesting that neuronal and glial precursor cell division is influenced. IGF I and IGF II interact with a specific binding site for which insulin competes very weakly; however IGF I and IGF II bind with relatively high affinity to the insulin specific binding site. The present results support the hypothesis that both insulin and IGF stimulate mitotic activity by interacting with specific somatomedin receptors and suggest a physiological role of IGF in the developing brain.

Satisfação dos clientes como um factor de sucesso empresarial

A crescente competitividade entre as operadoras CV Móvel e T+, fez com que as mesmas procurassem medidas e ou formas para conseguir satisfazer os seus clientes, angariar novos, e assim conseguir o maior número de cliente possível. Muitas empresas e outras instituições falham na sua relação com o cliente, porque muitas vezes ignoram aspectos importantes como a qualidade dos serviços e produtos, esquecem-se da importância do cliente e dos colaboradores. Este trabalho aborda alguns conceitos importantes que as empresas não devem ignorar, principalmente quando estes procuram arranjar medidas para satisfazerem os seus clientes de modo que eles voltem sempre a comprar da empresa. Procurou-se saber qual é o nível de satisfação dos Cabo-Verdianos com as operadoras T+ e CV Móvel. Para isso lançou-se um questionário online, aos clientes dessas duas operadoras, procurando com isso encontrar a resposta necessária. É necessário levar em consideração que os colaboradores têm uma grande importância no tocante a satisfação dos clientes.

Comunicação interna como factor de motivação.Estudo de casoTACV

Este trabalho tem por finalidade analisar a relação existente entre a comunicação interna e a motivação dos colaboradores dos TACV Cabo Verde Airlines. A comunicação interna é uma ferramenta fundamental para a elevação da motivação de colaboradores de qualquer organização. O sistema organizacional se viabiliza graças ao sistema de comunicação nele existente, pois permitirá sua continua realimentação e sua sobrevivência. Assim esse sistema é fundamental para o processamento das funções administrativas internas. (KUNSCH, 2003). Esta pesquisa cujo tema é Comunicação Interna como Factor de Motivação, tem como objectivo principal, descobrir a influência da comunicação interna na motivação dos colaboradores dos TACV. Propôs-se ainda descobrir o grau de motivação dos colaboradores bem como analisar a importância da comunicação para a elevação da motivação dos mesmos. De forma a esclarecer a hipótese de que a comunicação interna pode ou não influenciar a motivação, será feito o estudo com base na teoria dos Dois Factores de Frederick Herzeberg. Foi nessa óptica que se despertou o interesse por esse tema no sentido de dar algum contributo para a organização em estudo. Para a aquisição de informações, foi aplicado questionários do tipo misto, fechado, aplicados aos 42 colaboradores com a idade compreendia entre os 21 e os 55, tendo em conta a amostra estratificada de 10% sobre o total dos colaboradores de cinco departamentos escolhidos. Os departamentos escolhidos para o estudo foram: Comercial, Financeiro, Handling, Manutenção e Operações. No questionário destacou-se primeiramente com a identificação e caracterização dos colaboradores mediante sexo, idade, profissão e nível de escolaridade, seguido de, questões relacionadas com a comunicação, relacionamentos, valorização, imagem da empresa e finalmente, questões motivacionais. As informações recolhidas foram primeiramente introduzidas no Excel e depois no programa SPSS como forma de serem melhores analisadas e obter resultados satisfatórios capazes de responder as inquietações surgidas anteriormente, se de facto a comunicação veiculada nos TACV, influencia a motivação dos colaboradores. Após as análises saiu a conclusão de que realmente a comunicação veiculada nos TACV é satisfatória e influencia a motivação dos colaboradores.

Comunicação interna como factor de motivação e promoção da qualidade de ensino – Estudo de caso, professores do Ensino Básico Integrado de Santa Cruz

Com este trabalho de investigação, cujo tema é « Comunicação interna como factor de motivação e promoção da qualidade de ensino no concelho de Santa Cruz - estudo de caso, Professores do EBI de Santa Cruz ». Pretende-se analisar a motivação dos professores e o contributo do Relações Públicas (RP) na promoção da qualidade do ensino no concelho para o alcance da qualidade de ensino em Cabo Verde há tanto almejada e indispensável nos dias actuais. Hoje em dia muitas organizações devem preocupar-se mais com a existência de uma excelente Comunicação Interna para motivar, eliminando assim as incertezas e as ambiguidades e produzindo um clima de confiança e segurança dentro delas para manter-se motivado os colaboradores e melhor garantir o profissionalismo por parte destes. O RP, enquanto profissional de comunicação, contribui para que tudo isso aconteça. Metodologicamente trata-se de um estudo quantitativo e exploratório que tem como objecto os professores do 2º ano, da 1ª fase. A recolha de dados foi efectuada através de autopreenchimento por parte dos professores e decorreu entre os meses de Junho e Julho de 2012. O trabalho descrito foi realizado através da aplicação de inquérito por questionário, elaborado em coerência com os objectivos preconizados. Os dados foram tratados através do programa SPSS, versão 15.0, e a análise de dados foi efectuada utilizando as técnicas estatísticas.

An European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer phase I study of lapatinib and docetaxel as neoadjuvant treatment for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) positive locally-advanced/inflammatory or large operable breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Lapatinib is an effective anti-HER2 therapy in advanced breast cancer and docetaxel is one of the most active agents in breast cancer. Combining these agents in pre-treated patients with metastatic disease had previously proved challenging, so the primary objective of this study aimed to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) in treatment-naive patients, by identifying acute dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) during cycle 1 in the first part of a phases 1-2 neoadjuvant European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with large operable or locally-advanced HER2 positive breast cancer were treated with continuous lapatinib, and docetaxel every 21days for 4 cycles. Dose levels (DLs) were: 1000/75, 1250/75, 1000/85, 1250/85, 1000/100 and 1250/100 (mg/day)/(mg/m(2)). RESULTS: Twenty-one patients were included. Two DLTs occurred at dose level 5 (1000/100); one grade 4 neutropenia ⩾7days and one febrile neutropenia. A further 3 patients were therefore treated at the same dose with prophylactic granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), and 3 patients at dose level 6. No further DLTs were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our recommended dose for phase II is lapatinib 1000mg/day and docetaxel 100mg/m(2) with G-CSF in HER2 positive non-metastatic breast cancer. The dose of lapatinib should have been 1250mg/day but we were mindful of the high rate of treatment discontinuation in GeparQuinto with lapatinib 1250mg/day combined with docetaxel. No grade 3-4 diarrhoea was observed. Pharmacodynamics analysis suggests that concomitant medications altering P-glycoprotein activity (in addition to lapatinib) can modify toxicity, including non-haematological toxicities. This needs verification in larger trials, where it may contribute to understanding the sources of variability in clinical toxicity and treatment discontinuation.

A avaliação de desempenho como factor de motivação

Este estudo, realizado sobre a temática “A Avaliação de Desempenho como Factor de Motivação”, através da revisão bibliográfica e de um estudo de caso na Sociedade Cabo-verdiana de Tabacos, SA, teve como objectivo mostrar os impactos da avaliação de desempenho na motivação dos colaboradores. O trabalho encontra-se estruturado em quatro capítulos, sendo que no primeiro e segundo fez-se uma revisão bibliográfica, para uma melhor fundamentação teórica do trabalho. O terceiro capítulo, refere-se ao estudo de caso feito na referida empresa, onde foi aplicado um questionário para apurar, acerca da percepção que os colaboradores têm do sistema de avaliação de desempenho que são submetidos e da adequabilidade do mesmo à estrutura da organização, e ainda a aplicação da teoria de Victor Vroom para medir a motivação dos colaboradores. E por último, no quarto capítulo, referimos às conclusões e subsequentes recomendações. Da análise dos dados recolhidos na empresa, verificamos que o nível motivacional com que a maioria dos colaboradores da SCT, SA desenvolvem as suas tarefas está abaixo da média, o que conduziu-nos a conclusão de que eles estão desmotivados, pelo que a empresa deverá criar medidas que possam estimular os colaboradores de forma a reverter essa situação. This study about the topic "Performance Evaluation as Motivation Factor", through literature review and a case study in Sociedade Cabo-verdiana de Tabacos, SA, aimed to show the impact of performance evaluation on employee motivation. The work is structured in four chapters and in the first and second we did a literature review for better theoretical foundation of the work. The third chapter refers to the case study in the company mentioned above, which was administered a questionary to know what the employees think about the performance evaluation system in the company, and so the application of Victor Vroom´s theory to measure the employees motivation. And finally in the fourth chapter we refer some conclusions and recommendations for the company. After the analysis of the data given in the company, we realized that the motivation level witch the majority of the employees in SCT, SA work is under the average, what made us come to the conclusion that they are not motivated. So we suggest the company to develop strategies to stimulate the employees in order to reverse this situation

Single-metal deposition: optimization of this fingermark enhancement technique

Following the introduction of single-metal deposition (SMD), a simplified fingermark detection technique based on multimetal deposition, optimization studies were conducted. The different parameters of the original formula were tested and the results were evaluated based on the contrast and overall aspect of the enhanced fingermarks. The new formula for SMD was found based on the most optimized parameters. Interestingly, it was found that important variations from the base parameters did not significantly affect the outcome of the enhancement, thus demonstrating that SMD is a very robust technique. Finally, a comparison of the optimized SMD with multi-metal deposition (MMD) was carried out on different surfaces. It was demonstrated that SMD produces comparable results to MMD, thus validating the technique.

HTPSELEX--a database of high-throughput SELEX libraries for transcription factor binding sites.

HTPSELEX is a public database providing access to primary and derived data from high-throughput SELEX experiments aimed at characterizing the binding specificity of transcription factors. The resource is primarily intended to serve computational biologists interested in building models of transcription factor binding sites from large sets of binding sequences. The guiding principle is to make available all information that is relevant for this purpose. For each experiment, we try to provide accurate information about the protein material used, details of the wet lab protocol, an archive of sequencing trace files, assembled clone sequences (concatemers) and complete sets of in vitro selected protein-binding tags. In addition, we offer in-house derived binding sites models. HTPSELEX also offers reasonably large SELEX libraries obtained with conventional low-throughput protocols. The FTP site contains the trace archives and database flatfiles. The web server offers user-friendly interfaces for viewing individual entries and quality-controlled download of SELEX sequence libraries according to a user-defined sequencing quality threshold. HTPSELEX is available from ftp://ftp.isrec.isb-sib.ch/pub/databases/htpselex/ and http://www.isrec.isb-sib.ch/htpselex.

Factor prices and productivity growth during the British Industrial Revolution

This paper presents new estimates of total factor productivity growth in Britain for the period1770 1860. We use the dual technique and argue that the estimates we derive from factorprices are of similar quality to quantity-based calculations. Our results provide further evidence,calculated on the basis of an independent set of sources, that productivity growth duringthe British Industrial Revolution was relatively slow. The Crafts Harley view of theIndustrial Revolution is thus reinforced. Our preferred estimates suggest a modest accelerationafter 1800.

Mutations leading to X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia affect three major functional domains in the tumor necrosis factor family member ectodysplasin-A.

Mutations in the epithelial morphogen ectodysplasin-A (EDA), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, are responsible for the human disorder X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (XLHED) characterized by impaired development of hair, eccrine sweat glands, and teeth. EDA-A1 and EDA-A2 are two splice variants of EDA, which bind distinct EDA-A1 and X-linked EDA-A2 receptors. We identified a series of novel EDA mutations in families with XLHED, allowing the identification of the following three functionally important regions in EDA: a C-terminal TNF homology domain, a collagen domain, and a furin protease recognition sequence. Mutations in the TNF homology domain impair binding of both splice variants to their receptors. Mutations in the collagen domain can inhibit multimerization of the TNF homology region, whereas those in the consensus furin recognition sequence prevent proteolytic cleavage of EDA. Finally, a mutation affecting an intron splice donor site is predicted to eliminate specifically the EDA-A1 but not the EDA-A2 splice variant. Thus a proteolytically processed, oligomeric form of EDA-A1 is required in vivo for proper morphogenesis.

Further insights on the French WISC-IV factor structure through Bayesian structural equation modeling

The interpretation of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) is based on a 4-factor model, which is only partially compatible with the mainstream Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) model of intelligence measurement. The structure of cognitive batteries is frequently analyzed via exploratory factor analysis and/or confirmatory factor analysis. With classical confirmatory factor analysis, almost all crossloadings between latent variables and measures are fixed to zero in order to allow the model to be identified. However, inappropriate zero cross-loadings can contribute to poor model fit, distorted factors, and biased factor correlations; most important, they do not necessarily faithfully reflect theory. To deal with these methodological and theoretical limitations, we used a new statistical approach, Bayesian structural equation modeling (BSEM), among a sample of 249 French-speaking Swiss children (8-12 years). With BSEM, zero-fixed cross-loadings between latent variables and measures are replaced by approximate zeros, based on informative, small-variance priors. Results indicated that a direct hierarchical CHC-based model with 5 factors plus a general intelligence factor better represented the structure of the WISC-IV than did the 4-factor structure and the higher order models. Because a direct hierarchical CHC model was more adequate, it was concluded that the general factor should be considered as a breadth rather than a superordinate factor. Because it was possible for us to estimate the influence of each of the latent variables on the 15 subtest scores, BSEM allowed improvement of the understanding of the structure of intelligence tests and the clinical interpretation of the subtest scores.

Identification and functional characterization of Rca1, a transcription factor involved in both antifungal susceptibility and host response in Candida albicans.

The identification of novel transcription factors associated with antifungal response may allow the discovery of fungus-specific targets for new therapeutic strategies. A collection of 241 Candida albicans transcriptional regulator mutants was screened for altered susceptibility to fluconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin B, and 5-fluorocytosine. Thirteen of these mutants not yet identified in terms of their role in antifungal response were further investigated, and the function of one of them, a mutant of orf19.6102 (RCA1), was characterized by transcriptome analysis. Strand-specific RNA sequencing and phenotypic tests assigned Rca1 as the regulator of hyphal formation through the cyclic AMP/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) signaling pathway and the transcription factor Efg1, but also probably through its interaction with a transcriptional repressor, most likely Tup1. The mechanisms responsible for the high level of resistance to caspofungin and fluconazole observed resulting from RCA1 deletion were investigated. From our observations, we propose that caspofungin resistance was the consequence of the deregulation of cell wall gene expression and that fluconazole resistance was linked to the modulation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway activity. In conclusion, our large-scale screening of a C. albicans transcription factor mutant collection allowed the identification of new effectors of the response to antifungals. The functional characterization of Rca1 assigned this transcription factor and its downstream targets as promising candidates for the development of new therapeutic strategies, as Rca1 influences host sensing, hyphal development, and antifungal response.

Controlo Interno como factor de melhoria empresarial - estudo de caso prático Centro de Emprego e Formação Profissonal Santa Cruz

A problemática do controlo interno como factor de melhoria empresarial, foi a que orientou esta pesquisa realizada no CEFPSC (Centro de Emprego e Formação Profissional de Santa Cruz). É que, segundo Morais & Martins (2007, pág. 27) existe controlo adequado quando a gestão planeou e organizou, isto é, concebeu, de tal modo que foi assegurado uma garantia razoável que os riscos da organização foram adequadamente geridos e de que os objectivos e metas da organização serão alcançados de forma eficiente e económica. Sendo assim, é de notar a importância desta ferramenta em traçar estratégias de gestão no processo decisório, servindo assim de uma mais-valia à entidade com vista a permitir responder à questão: Em que medida o controlo interno tem sido utilizado como método de apoio à gestão do Centro de Emprego e Formação Profissional de Santa Cruz? Este trabalho tem como objectivo compreender a actuação e a contribuição do Controlo Interno na gestão eficiente do CEFPSC. As informações foram recolhidas mediante a aplicação de um questionário de controlo interno e entrevistas ao Responsável do CEFPSC, bem como ao Presidente do IEFP, enquanto órgão central. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado com auxílio informático, utilizando, para tal, o programa Excel.