A criação da mulher, segundo Hesíodo

Pretende-se, neste estudo, apresentar uma leitura crítica das duas versões hesiódicas do mito de Pandora, bem como analisar o modo como através destas narrativas poéticas se desenvolve, pela primeira vez, na Literatura Grega Arcaica, o mito da criação da mulher.

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A Electra euripidiana: um drama de matricídio

Com o grau de inovação que o género trágico consentia, Eurípides retomou em Electra o antigo tema de uma vingança patriarcal, salvaguardando os dados essenciais do mito e da lenda, através de uma original exploração dramática do matricídio, numa versão mais doméstica e humanizada, onde as personagens, o espaço e o tempo apareciam significativamente deslocados do enquadramento tradicional da história, motivando o questionamento dos princípios e valores de uma justiça retaliatória, de inspiração taliónica.

Epimeteu, ou o Homem que pensava depois: uma «fantasia mitológica» de Jorge de Sena

Pretende-se, neste texto, oferecer uma leitura da peça seniana em um acto, Epimeteu, ou o Homem que Pensava Depois, que, num complexo e original registo trágico-fársico, conjuga, com grande signifi cado dramático e efi cácia teatral, mito e fantasia.

A cidade de Ulisses: literatura, mito e história

Em A cidade de Ulisses, Teolinda Gersão presta uma homenagem à cidade de Lisboa, associando, precisamente, a origem etimológica do topónimo ao mito de Ulisses. Neste trabalho, pretende-se, estudar a relação estabelecida entre Literatura, Mito e História no romance, com base na analogia que a narrativa constrói entre a figura épica de Ulisses e a caracterização de Paulo Vaz.

Expérience précaire du monde et représentation de la poésie dans La fissure de la fiction et Désâmé de Patrice Desbiens

Diverses œuvres de poésie moderne et contemporaine mettent en scène le rapport à l’écriture d’un sujet lyrique. Une telle problématique trouve une incarnation particulièrement intéressante dans l’œuvre de Patrice Desbiens, notamment dans certains de ses textes des années 1990 et 2000, où elle apparaît avec plus d’acuité. Pourtant, sa pratique auto-réflexive a fait l’objet de très peu de recherches. Afin d’éclairer le rapport qu’entretient Patrice Desbiens avec l’écriture et avec la poésie, ce mémoire s’intéresse à deux de ses textes, soit La fissure de la fiction (1997) et Désâmé, (2005) en accordant davantage d’espace au premier, que je considère comme un texte-charnière dans la production poétique de Desbiens. Dans un premier temps, mon travail présente ainsi la précarité qui caractérise le protagoniste de La fissure de la fiction et, sous un autre angle, le sujet lyrique de Désâmé. Dans cette optique, la figure du poète est étudiée dans La fissure de la fiction à la lumière de la reprise ironique du mythe de la malédiction littéraire et du sens que la réactualisation de ce mythe confère au personnage dans ce récit poétique. Dans un second temps, ce mémoire s’attache à montrer que la cohérence et la vraisemblance des univers mis en scène dans La fissure de la fiction et Désâmé sont minées. C’est à l’aune de ces analyses que peut ensuite être envisagé le rôle d’une poésie qui, en dernière instance, comporte malgré tout un caractère consolateur, en dépit ou en raison de l’esthétique du grotesque, tantôt comique, tantôt tragique, dans laquelle elle s’inscrit et que nous tâcherons de mettre en lumière.

Albert Camus and Damien Hirst: Always looking on the absurd side of life

The aim of this text is to consider the notions of life and art, revealed in Camus’s texts, mainly The Myth of Sisyphus (published in French in 1942) and The Rebel (1951), and extrapolate them to the present state of contemporary art by analysing a few artworks by Damien Hirst, the richest living artist, a modern Sisyphus in the self-awareness he manifests towards the incongruity of his work. Always looking on the absurd side of life dwells on the inevitability of life and art, accepting the fact, according to Camus’s words, that: the impossible remains impossible. Instead of denying the meaningless and finding some form of redemption, both French writer and British artist have embraced this potential and have used the absurd as a form of conveying meaning to their art. Hirst’s artworks that will be referred in this text include the series: The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living (1991); Mother and Child Divided (1993); For the Love of God (2007) and For Heaven’s Sake (2008).

O mito de Orfeo e a ópera no século XVII: um estudo sobre o surgimento da ópera em Itália

Durante o século XVII, em Itália, uma série de óperas foram escritas retratando o drama mitológico de Orfeu e Eurídice. O presente trabalho é uma investigação sobre a presença recorrente do mito de Orfeu nos libretos de ópera, especialmente durante as primeiras décadas do século XVII, e sobre a importância dessa história específica para o surgimento e consolidação da ópera como gênero. Essa dissertação divide-se em três grandes capítulos: 1. estudo do contexto histórico, social, político e artístico que culminou na criação da ópera; 2. análise de obras importantes para a história da ópera e que apresentam temática sobre o mito de Orfeu; 3. discussão sobre as questões interpretativas inerentes à preparação e execução de um recital com repertório sobre o tema selecionado.

Reconsidering the relationship between early Gothic literature and the Greek classics: the cases of William Beckford and Matthew G. Lewis

The view that Gothic literature emerged as a reaction against the prominence of the Greek classics, and that, as a result, it bears no trace of their influence, is a commonplace in Gothic studies. This thesis re-examines this view, arguing that the Gothic and the Classical were not in opposition to one another, and that Greek tragic poetry and myth should be counted among the literary sources that inspired early Gothic writers. The discussion is organised in three parts. Part I focuses on evidence which suggests that the Gothic and the Hellenic were closely associated in the minds of several British literati both on a political and aesthetic level. As is shown, the coincidence of the Hellenic with the Gothic revival in the second half of the eighteenth century inspired them not only to trace common ground between the Greek and Gothic traditions, but also to look at Greek tragic poetry and myth through Gothic eyes, bringing to light an unruly, ‘Dionysian’ world that suited their taste. The particulars of this coincidence, which has not thus far been discussed in Gothic studies, as well as evidence which suggests that several early Gothic writers were influenced by Greek tragedy and myth, open up new avenues for research on the thematic and aesthetic heterogeneity of early Gothic literature. Parts II and III set out to explore this new ground and to support the main argument of this thesis by examining the influence of Greek tragic poetry and myth on the works of two early Gothic novelists and, in many ways, shapers of the genre, William Beckford and Matthew Gregory Lewis. Part II focuses on William Beckford’s Vathek and its indebtedness to Euripides’s Bacchae, and Part III on Matthew Gregory Lewis’s The Monk and its indebtedness to Sophocles’s Oedipus Tyrannus. As is discussed, Beckford and Lewis participated actively in both the Gothic and Hellenic revivals, producing highly imaginative works that blended material from the British and Greek literary traditions.

Édipo(s): Análise de édipo a partir da obra de Sófocles

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada para obtenção de grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.

Faulkner revisited : narrating property, race, gender and history in William Faulkner's Go Down, Moses, Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon and Gloria Naylor's Mama Day

My thesis explores the formation of the subject in the novels of Faulkner’s Go Down, Moses, Toni Morrison’s Song of Solomon, and Gloria Naylor’s Mama Day. I attach the concept of property in terms of how male protagonists are obsessed with materialistic ownership and with the subordination of women who, as properties, consolidate their manhood. The three novelists despite their racial, gendered, and literary differences share the view that identity and truth are mere social and cultural constructs. I incorporate the work of Judith Butler and other poststructuralist figures, who see identity as a matter of performance rather than a natural entity. My thesis explores the theme of freedom, which I attached to the ways characters use their bodies either to confine or to emancipate themselves from the restricting world of race, class, and gender. The three novelists deconstruct any system of belief that promulgates the objectivity of truth in historical documents. History in the three novels, as with the protagonists, perception of identity, remains a social construct laden with distortions to serve particular political or ideological agendas. My thesis gives voice to African American female characters who are associated with love and racial and gender resistance. They become the reservoirs of the African American legacy in terms of their association with the oral and intuitionist mode of knowing, which subverts the male characters’ obsession with property and with the mainstream empiricist world. In this dissertation, I use the concept of hybridity as a literary and theoretical devise that African-American writers employ. In effect, I embark on the postcolonial studies of Henry Louise Gates, Paul Gilroy, W. E. B Du Bois, James Clifford, and Arjun Appadurai in order to reflect upon the fluidity of Morrison’s and Naylor’s works. I show how these two novelists subvert Faulkner’s essentialist perception of truth, and of racial and gendered identity. They associate the myth of the Flying African with the notion of hybridity by making their male protagonists criss-cross Northern and Southern regions. I refer to Mae Gwendolyn Henderson’s article on “Speaking in Tongues” in my analysis of how Naylor subverts the patriarchal text of both Faulkner and Morrison in embarking on a more feminine version of the flying African, which she relates to an ex-slave, Sapphira Wade, a volatile female character who resists fixed claim over her story and identity. In dealing with the concept of hybridity, I show that Naylor rewrites both authors’ South by making Willow Springs a more fluid space, an assumption that unsettles the scores of critics who associate the island with authenticity and exclusive rootedness.

Echoes of Greek Tragedy in Medieval Literature: The Case of Oedipus

In approaching this issue, it will be helpful to use two analytically distinct methods, to wit, the diachronic, which allows us to speculate about how the myth reached the hands of Lydgate (Guerin 2005, 183–191); and the synchronic, to clarify the similarities and differences between the two authors. Thus, approaching the subject diachronically, the first pages of this paper will attempt to delineate the main milestones in the long tradition of the myth of Oedipus, beginning from the time of Ancient Rome; and, afterwards, a synchronic analysis will examine various motifs as they have survived, disappeared or been transformed in the medieval poem. The final part will explore the possible reasons for these changes.

Myths and legends: the reality of rape offences reported to a UK police force

Rape myths affect many aspects of the investigative and criminal justice systems. One such myth, the 'real rape' myth, states that most rapes involve a stranger using a weapon attacking a woman violently at night in an isolated, outdoor area, and that women sustain serious injuries from these attacks. The present study examined how often actual offences reported to a central UK police force over a two year period matched the 'real rape' myth. Out of 400 cases of rape reported, not a single incident was found with all the characteristics of the 'real rape' myth. The few stranger rapes that occurred had a strong link to night-time economy activities, such as the victim and offender both having visited pubs, bars, and clubs. By contrast, the majority of reported rape offences (280 cases, 70.7%) were committed by people known to the victim (e.g., domestic and acquaintance rapes), occurred inside a residence, with most victims sustaining no physical injuries from the attack. The benefits of these naturalistic findings from the field for educating people about the inaccuracy of rape myths are discussed.

Charte canadienne et droits linguistiques : frontières allégoriques et autres assertions consensuelles

La frontière entre le politique et l'intellectualisme militant est, d'ordinaire, ténue. Tout univers politico-constitutionnel est ainsi susceptible de faire les frais d'un martèlement doctrinal qui, à maints égards, relève davantage du construit que du donné. Résultante directe d'une construction parfois intéressée, le récit identitaire, à force de répétition, s'installera confortablement sur les sièges de l'imaginaire populaire. Il accèdera, au fil du temps, au statut de mythe pur et simple. Ce dernier, politiquement parlant, revêt de puissants effets aphrodisiaques. La présente thèse doctorale s'intéresse plus particulièrement aux mythes créés, depuis 1982, par un segment de la doctrine québécoise : en matière de droits linguistiques, objet principal de notre étude, Charte canadienne des droits et libertés et Cour suprême, toutes deux liguées contre le Québec, combineront leurs efforts afin d'assurer le recul du fait français dans la Belle Province. Quant aux francophones hors Québec, ceux-ci, depuis l'effritement du concept de nation canadienne-française, sont dorénavant exclus de l'équation, expurgés de l'échiquier constitutionnel. En fait, l'adoption d'un nationalisme méthodologique comme nouvelle orthodoxie politique et doctrinale rend ardue, en plusieurs sens, la conciliation de leur existence avec les paradigmes et épistémologie maintenant consacrés. Ainsi, et selon la logique du tiers exclu, une victoire francophone hors Québec signifiera, du fait d'une prétendue symétrie interprétative, un gain pour la communauté anglo-québécoise. Cette thèse vise à discuter de la teneur de diverses allégories établies et, le cas échéant, à reconsidérer la portée réelle de la Charte canadienne en matière linguistique. Il sera alors démontré que plusieurs lieux communs formulés par les milieux intellectuels québécois échouent au moins partiellement, le test de l'analyse factuelle. Celui-ci certifiera de l'exclusion, par la doxa, de toute décision judiciaire ou autre vérité empirique ne pouvant cadrer à même les paramètres, voire les prismes, de l'orthodoxie suggérée.

LA MONOPOLIZACIÓN DEL CONOCIMIENTO UNIVERSITARIO: “UN ASALTO A LOS VALORES DE LA ACADEMIA”

Resumen Hace  veintisiete años, fue promulgada en los Estados Unidos la ley Bayh-Dohle,  que  permitió a las universidades públicas estadounidenses patentar los resultados de sus investigaciones financiadas con dinero de los impuestos federales de los ciudadanos, acción no autorizada hasta entonces. Los efectos  de esta ley como facilitadora de la transferencia del conocimiento a la industria y  de la obtención de financiamiento privado para las universidades fueron evidentes en sus primeros años.  Sin embargo, el aparente éxito económico conseguido por la ley Bayh-Dole no oscurece de ninguna manera sus efectos negativos que parecen culminar con el desvanecimiento paulatino de los valores más elevados de las universidades y el acorralamiento de una parte importante de los bienes comunes de la mente. En este trabajo se presentan algunos testimonios y evidencias sobre dichos efectos en países que ya  tienen experiencias en este campo.  Primero se desmitifican las razones para impulsar esas “políticas de propiedad intelectual” que resultan ser simplemente un proceso de privatización y monopolización del conocimiento. Se concluye  con el esbozo de algunas acciones de emergencia si no queremos no sólo desproteger el conocimiento común producido en los nichos académicos,  sino también poner en peligro la razón de ser de las universidades públicas.   Abstract Twenty seven years ago, the Law Bay-Dohle was enforced, allowing public universities from the United States to patent  research financed  with federal taxes.  This was not permitted before.  The effects of this law, as a facilitator to transfer knowledge to industry and to obtain private finance to universities were evident was evident in its first years. Nontheless, the apparent economical success obtained by the Bay-Dohle law does not hide its negative effects that seem to reach its hight with the loss of the most elevated university values and the enclosure of an important part of commons of the mind. This paper presents some testimonies and evidence of these effects in those countries that have experience in this area.  First of all the previous reasons to stimulate these policies of intellectual property are just but a myth; they turn out to be a simple process of privatization and monopolization of knowledge.  It concludes with a sketch of some emergency actions if we  want not only to really not protect knowledge in the academic niches but also put at risk the being of public universities