The other of myself: representations of portuguese teachers about intercultural education related concepts

Having into consideration that we live in a multicultural society, it is important to analyse how far people view and accept each other. Therefore, one should reflect upon concepts such as: representations and stereotypes, because they are interpersonal constructs which are (re)built during the interaction of different sociocultural groups. In this study, we focus our attention on the representations a sociocultural group – Portuguese teachers - has of intercultural education and the role of teachers and educators in the promotion of an intercultural approach at school. We believe that teachers have the responsibility to: find out the representations students have of the Other; reconfigure stereotyped representations; and create representations which favor dialogue and relationship with the Other flourish. Following a sociolinguistic approach (Müller, 1998; Vasseur, 2001; Vasseur & Hudelot, 1998), which is related to the construction and diffusion of representations in discourse, we analyse the discourse of teachers during a workshop called ‘The Other and Myself’, in which they build and discuss about a didactic mask that portrays their own vision of both themselves and their ideas of intercultural education.

Moderate monism, persistence and sortal concepts

Coincidence (e.g., of a statue and the piece of bronze which constitutes it) comes in two varieties – permanent and temporary. Moderate monism (about coincidence) is the position that permanent coincidence, but not temporary coincidence, entails identity. Extreme monism (also known as the stage theory) is the position that even temporary coincidence entails identity. Pluralists are opponents of monism tout court. The intuitively obvious, commonsensical position (= my own position) is moderate monism. It is therefore important to see if it can be sustained.

How epidemiology has challenged 3 prevailing concepts about atopic dermatitis

We challenge 3 prevailing concepts in understanding atopic dermatitis using data from epidemiologic studies. First, we show that although atopy is associated with atopic dermatitis to some degree, its importance is not likely to be a simple causeand- effect relationship, especially at a population level. Our epidemiologic data do not exclude a contributory role for IgEmediated immunologic processes, especially in those with existing and severe disease. Second, evidence is presented that does not support a straightforward inverse relationship between infections and atopic dermatitis risk. A link, if present, is likely to be more complex, depending critically on the timing and type of infectious exposure. Third, recent evidence suggests that the risk of subsequent childhood asthma is not increased in children with early atopic dermatitis who are not also early wheezers, suggesting a comanifestation of phenotypes rather than a progressive atopic march. Collectively, these observations underline the importance of epidemiologic studies conducted at a population level to gain a more balanced understanding of the enigma of atopic dermatitis.

Error analyses reveal contrasting deficits in “theory of mind”: neuropsychological evidence from a 3-option false belief task

Perspective taking is a crucial ability that guides our social interactions. In this study, we show how the specific patterns of errors of brain-damaged patients in perspective taking tasks can help us further understand the factors contributing to perspective taking abilities. Previous work (e.g., Samson, Apperly, Chiavarino, & Humphreys, 2004; Samson, Apperly, Kathirgamanathan, & Humphreys, 2005) distinguished two components of perspective taking: the ability to inhibit our own perspective and the ability to infer someone else’s perspective. We assessed these components using a new nonverbal false belief task which provided different response options to detect three types of response strategies that participants might be using: a complete and spared belief reasoning strategy, a reality-based response selection strategy in which participants respond from their own perspective, and a simplified mentalising strategy in which participants avoid responding from their own perspective but rely on inaccurate cues to infer the other person’s belief. One patient, with a self-perspective inhibition deficit, almost always used the reality-based response strategy; in contrast, the other patient, with a deficit in taking other perspectives, tended to use the simplified mentalising strategy without necessarily transposing her own perspective. We discuss the extent to which the pattern of performance of both patients could relate to their executive function deficit and how it can inform us on the cognitive and neural components involved in belief reasoning.

Trois concepts boétiens dans la réflexion féminine, du XIVe au XVIIIe siècle

Boecio introdujo cambios notables en la consideración de algunas nociones filosóficas y teológicas, en particular en las de «persona», «esencia» y «eternidad». Estudio la evolución de estas tres ideas, representadas en los textos objeto de análisis por palabras y expresiones como «personne», «créature humaine» o «éternel». Para hacerlo, interrogo desde perspectivas diversas –léxica, semántica, sintáctica y pragmática–, un corpus compuesto por obras de reflexión (tratados, cartas, memorias...) escritos en francés por mujeres entre los siglos XIV y XVIII.

False Anglicisms in Legal and Business English as a Lingua Franca (ELF): A Process of Back-borrowing

False Anglicisms are words which technically are not part of the English language, but "seem" English, due to their shape or resemblance to English words. These are usually the result of new creations/coinages in other languages and/or semantic shifts. Due to the use of English as a Lingua Franca, it is becoming quite common to come across these words in English with the "re-imported" shape and meaning they bring from other languages.

Children’s reasoning about other’s intentions: False-belief and counterfactual conditional inferences

Dados suplementares associados com o artigo e epígrafe estão disponíveis em: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2016.08.007

All Is not English that Glitters: False Anglicisms in the Spanish Language of Sports

Over the past decades, many studies have dealt with Anglicisms in Spanish, not only in science and technology, but also in other areas such as business, fashion and even sports. However, in spite of the large number of works on Spanish Anglicisms in sports, these have often disregarded the distinction between Anglicisms and false Anglicisms. Given their importance as evidence of the particular relationships between languages, this article focuses on the use of false Anglicisms in the Spanish language of sports, which has not only adopted English words giving them new meanings and usage, but has also either imported items with an English appearance from other languages or created its own forms based on English patterns. Although these false Anglicisms, which have proven extremely popular in various European languages (not only Spanish), have frequently been used and disseminated, as some examples will prove, little attention has been paid to their differences with the English term or their non-English origin.

False identification of other microorganisms as Staphylococcus aureus in Southern Nigeria

Purpose: Staphylococcus aureus is the causative agent of many infections and the advent MRSA has drawn much attention to it. However, some organisms have been noted to be wrongly identified as S. aureus through phenotypic identifications leading to wrong treatment of infections. This study is therefore undertaken to evaluate the rate of false identification of other organisms as S. aureus in Southern Nigeria. Methods: 507 microorganisms which have been previously identified as S. aureus in 8 States in Southern Nigeria through characteristic morphology on blood agar, Gram staining, growth and fermentation on Mannitol Salt Agar and coagulase formation were collected. All the isolates were identified in this study through sequencing of 16S rRNA and detection of spa gene. The percentages of true and false identities were determined. Results: Of the 507 isolates previously identified as S. aureus, only 54 (11 %) were confirmed as S. aureus while the rest were coagulase negative Staphylococci (85 % misidentification rate), Bacillus sp. (12 % misidentification rate), and Brevibacterium sp. (3 % misidentification rate). Conclusion: A high rate of false positive identification of S. aureus which could lead to the misuse of antibiotics in emergency situation has been identified in this study. The use of standard methods for the identification of S. aureus at all times is highly recommended.

Concepts about risk management in libraries : Notes for characterization

El presente trabajo revisa la bibliografía sobre gestión del riesgo (GRi) que ha aparecido en los últimos tiempos, intentando anclar sus nociones, recomendaciones, pautas y estándares al ámbito de las bibliotecas y centros de documentación e información. Se analiza su utilidad, realizando un balance sobre la bibliografía consultada, proveniente tanto de Argentina como de distintos países. Se concluye sobre la necesidad de aplicar los procesos y los estándares inherentes a la GRi a los de las unidades de información para evitar los peligros o las amenazas en distintos ámbitos tales como el financiero, comunicacional, tecnológico, humano, ambiental, entre otros

Ontology forecasting in scientific literature:semantic concepts prediction based on innovation-adoption priors

The ontology engineering research community has focused for many years on supporting the creation, development and evolution of ontologies. Ontology forecasting, which aims at predicting semantic changes in an ontology, represents instead a new challenge. In this paper, we want to give a contribution to this novel endeavour by focusing on the task of forecasting semantic concepts in the research domain. Indeed, ontologies representing scientific disciplines contain only research topics that are already popular enough to be selected by human experts or automatic algorithms. They are thus unfit to support tasks which require the ability of describing and exploring the forefront of research, such as trend detection and horizon scanning. We address this issue by introducing the Semantic Innovation Forecast (SIF) model, which predicts new concepts of an ontology at time t + 1, using only data available at time t. Our approach relies on lexical innovation and adoption information extracted from historical data. We evaluated the SIF model on a very large dataset consisting of over one million scientific papers belonging to the Computer Science domain: the outcomes show that the proposed approach offers a competitive boost in mean average precision-at-ten compared to the baselines when forecasting over 5 years.

Using a discussion about scientific controversy to teach central concepts in experimental design

Students may need explicit training in informal statistical reasoning in order to design experiments or use formal statistical tests effectively. By using scientific scandals and media misinterpretation, we can explore the need for good experimental design in an informal way. This article describes the use of a paper that reviews the measles mumps rubella vaccine and autism controversy in the UK to illustrate a number of threshold concepts underlying good study design and interpretation of scientific evidence. These include the necessity of sufficient sample size, representative and random sampling, appropriate controls and inferring causation.

Edge enhancement improves disruptive camouflage by emphasising false edges and creating pictorial relief

Disruptive colouration is a visual camouflage composed of false edges and boundaries. Many disruptively camouflaged animals feature enhanced edges; light patches are surrounded by a lighter outline and/or a dark patches are surrounded by a darker outline. This camouflage is particularly common in amphibians, reptiles and lepidopterans. We explored the role that this pattern has in creating effective camouflage. In a visual search task utilising an ultra-large display area mimicking search tasks that might be found in nature, edge enhanced disruptive camouflage increases crypsis, even on substrates that do not provide an obvious visual match. Specifically, edge enhanced camouflage is effective on backgrounds both with and without shadows; i.e. this is not solely due to background matching of the dark edge enhancement element with the shadows. Furthermore, when the dark component of the edge enhancement is omitted the camouflage still provided better crypsis than control patterns without edge enhancement. This kind of edge enhancement improved camouflage on all background types. Lastly, we show that edge enhancement can create a perception of multiple surfaces. We conclude that edge enhancement increases the effectiveness of disruptive camouflage through mechanisms that may include the improved disruption of the object outline by implying pictorial relief.

Emerging Concepts in Ontogenic Analysis

Subject ontogeny is the life of the subject in an indexing language (e.g., classification scheme like the DDC). Examining how a subject is treated over time tells us about the anatomy of an indexing language. For example, gypsies as a subject has been handled differently in different editions of the DDC.

Introduction du réseau de concepts comme stratégie d’apprentissage en soins infirmiers première session.

L’insertion dans un programme collégial, particulièrement celui des soins infirmiers, nécessite à l’individu d’utiliser efficacement, minimalement une stratégie d’apprentissage. Une proportion importante de la population étudiante présente des difficultés à trouver et à utiliser une telle stratégie favorisant cet apprentissage particulier. Pour résoudre ce défi, il est propice d’en expérimenter une et de questionner sa pertinence : L’utilisation du réseau de concepts comme stratégie semble-t-elle favoriser l’apprentissage, selon la perception des étudiantes et étudiants participants en soins infirmiers première session du Cégep Beauce-Appalaches? Le cadre de référence définit deux concepts importants de l’essai : « stratégie d’apprentissage » et « réseau de concepts. » Ce dernier est approfondi par rapport a) aux différentes appellations utilisées; b) aux utilités de celui-ci dans l’apprentissage et; c) au processus menant à la schématisation du réseau de concepts. Cela conduit aux objectifs spécifiques qui sont l’expérimentation, en milieu scolaire, du réseau de concepts comme stratégie d’apprentissage auprès d'étudiantes et étudiants inscrits au programme d’études soins infirmiers en première session du Cégep Beauce-Appalaches et la prise de connaissance de leurs perceptions par rapport à cette utilisation. Cette recherche-expérimentation appartient au pôle recherche. La méthodologie retenue est qualitative-interprétative et se réalise à l’aide d’un groupe-classe de 25 individus participants, d’une enseignante volontaire et du chercheur dans son rôle d’enseignant. L’expérimentation, en tenant compte de considérations éthiques et du processus menant à la schématisation du réseau de concepts, ainsi que l’utilisation d’outils de collecte des données élaborés et prétestés répondent aux objectifs spécifiques. Ces instruments de collectes des données sont des fiches évaluatives, un groupe de discussion et un journal de bord. Ils permettent l’identification des effets perçus de cette stratégie d’apprentissage, par les personnes participantes, lors de l’expérimentation. L’analyse des résultats s’effectue à partir de la codification des commentaires reçus dans les fiches évaluatives et à partir de rapports synthèses pour la section des énoncés utilisant l’échelle de Likert, ainsi que pour le journal de bord et pour le groupe de discussion. La présentation et l’interprétation des résultats obtenus permettent de dire qu’à de nombreuses reprises, les perceptions des participantes et participants, par rapport à l’utilisation du réseau de concepts, semblent favoriser l’apprentissage particulier requis dans le programme d’études soins infirmiers. La triangulation des résultats confirme que cette stratégie d’apprentissage semble favoriser a) la compréhension des relations entre les concepts principaux; b) la structuration des contenus pédagogiques pour l’étude; c) l’identification des concepts principaux; d) la compréhension de l’ensemble du contenu pédagogique concerné et; e) l’élaboration d’un résumé pédagogique. D’autre part, il est pertinent de mentionner que ces résultats correspondent aux écrits scientifiques constituant le cadre de référence de cet essai.