Counts and abundance of macrozoobenthic organisms settled in artificial soft sediment at Brandal, Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen

In the Arctic the currently observed rising air temperature results in more frequent calving of icebergs. The latter are derived from tidewater glaciers. Arctic macrozoobenthic soft-sediment communities are considerably disturbed by direct hits and sediment reallocation caused by iceberg scouring. With the aim to describe the primary succession of macrozoobenthic communities following these events, scientific divers installed 28 terracotta containers in the soft-sediment off Brandal (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Norway) at 20 m water depth in 2002. The containers were filled with a bentonite-sand-mixture resembling the natural sediment. Samples were taken annually between 2003 and 2007. A shift from pioneering species (e.g. Cumacea: Lamprops fuscatus) towards more specialized taxa, as well as from surface-detritivores towards subsurface-detritivores was observed. This is typical for an ecological succession following the facilitation and inhibition succession model. Similarity between experimental and non-manipulated communities from 2003 was significantly highest after three years of succession. In the following years similarity decreased, probably due to elevated temperatures, which prevented the fjord-system from freezing. Some organisms numerically important in the non-manipulated community (e.g., the polychaete Dipolydora quadrilobata) did not colonies the substrate during the experiment. This suggests that the community had not fully matured within the first three years. Later, the settlement was probably impeded by consequences of warming temperatures. This demonstrates the long-lasting effects of severe disturbances on Arctic macrozoobenthic communities. Furthermore, environmental changes, such as rising temperatures coupled with enhanced food availability due to an increasing frequency of ice-free days per year, may have a stronger effect on succession than exposure time.

Lo Rat-penat : calendari llemosí...: Año 1878

Microfilme. Valencia: BV, ca. 1990

Calendario de "El Mercantil Valenciano" para el reino de Valencia correspondiente al año...: Año 1878

Microfilme. Valencia: BV, ca. 1990

The evolution of man: a popular exposition of the principal points of human ontogney phylogeny / From the German of Ernst Haeckel.

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The evolution of man: a popular exposition of the principal points of human ontogeny and phylogeny. From the German of Ernst Haeckel.

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The evolution of man: a popular exposition of the principal points of human ontogeny and phylogeny. From the German of Ernst Haeckel.

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Den Norske Nordhavs-expedition, 1876-1878.

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1875-1878: Samuel T. Mitchell

Principal In Office: 1875-1878

La cartografía de las Memorias Generales de Repoblación de 1878: bosquejos y croquis dasográficos y agronómicos

Las Memorias Generales de Repoblación surgen con las disposiciones que desarrollan la Ley de 11 de julio de 1877 sobre repoblación, fomento y mejora de los montes públicos. Elaboradas por el personal de los distritos forestales, se envían al Ministerio de Fomento entre 1878 y 1884. Además de contener los objetivos y las actuaciones repobladoras propuestas por cada distrito, también reflejan, desde el punto de vista de los ingenieros del ramo, la situación de los montes españoles e incluyen en ocasiones, dentro de esta lógica descriptiva, una cartografía básica de contenido forestal, agronómico y geológico. Ésta es conocida en unos pocos casos a través de los originales publicados a mayor escala; pero en otros no se tenía constancia de su existencia más que por referencias documentales. Unos y otros ejemplos se enmarcan dentro del esfuerzo cartográfico español que caracteriza la segunda mitad del siglo XIX.

Report of the New Jersey State Commission appointed to devise a plan for the encouragement of manufactures of ornamental and textile fabrics. 1878

Samuel C. Brown, Thomas N. Dale, Robert H. Thurston, commission.

Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres ... précédée d'une introduction offrant la détermination des caractères essentiels de l'animal, sa distinction du végétal et des autres corps naturels, enfin, l'exposition des principes fondamentaux de la zoologie.

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Reports on the results of dredging under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz in the Gulf of Mexico (1877-78), in the Caribbean Sea (1878-79), and along the Atlantic Coast of the United States (1880) by the U.S. Coast Survey steamer "Blake".

v.19:no.2 (1897)