An analysis of electrode patterns in capacitive touch screen panels

In the design of capacitive touch-screen panels, electrodes are patterned to improve touch sensitivity. In this paper, we analyze the relationship between electrode patterns and touch sensitivity. An approach is presented where simulations are used to measure the sensitivity of touch-screen panels based on capacitance changes for various electrode patterns. Touch sensitivity increases when the touch object is positioned in close proximity to fringing electric fields generated by the patterned electrodes. Three new electrode patterns are proposed to maximize field fringing in order to increase touch sensitivity by purely electrode patterning means. Simulations showed an increased touch sensitivity of up to 5.4%, as compared with the more conventional interlocking diamonds pattern. Here, we also report empirical findings for fabricated touch-screen panels. © 2005-2012 IEEE.

Growth mechanism of graphene on platinum: Surface catalysis and carbon segregation

A model of the graphene growth mechanism of chemical vapor deposition on platinum is proposed and verified by experiments. Surface catalysis and carbon segregation occur, respectively, at high and low temperatures in the process, representing the so-called balance and segregation regimes. Catalysis leads to self-limiting formation of large area monolayer graphene, whereas segregation results in multilayers, which evidently "grow from below." By controlling kinetic factors, dominantly monolayer graphene whose high quality has been confirmed by quantum Hall measurement can be deposited on platinum with hydrogen-rich environment, quench cooling, tiny but continuous methane flow and about 1000°C growth temperature. © 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.

Differential expression of thyroid-stimulating hormone beta subunit in gonads during sex reversal of orange-spotted and red-spotted groupers

We have cloned and characterized the full-length cDNA encoding thyroid-stimulating hormone beta-subunit (TSHbeta) from orange-spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides. It contains 913 nucleotides with an open reading frame encoding 146 amino acids with a 20 amino acid signal peptide. The grouper mature TSHbeta has 75, 70, 61, 59, 41, 42 and 40% identities to that of rainbow trout, Atlantic salmon, zebrafish, European eel, chicken. mouse and human, respectively. RT-PCR analysis indicated that the TSHbeta mRNA was expressed abundantly not only in pituitary but also in gonads. A more interesting finding is to reveal the differential TSHbeta expressions between the ovaries and the transitional gonads or testes in natural individuals of orange-spotted grouper and red-spotted grouper Epinephelus akaara, and in artificial sex reversal individuals of red-spotted grouper induced by MT feeding. In situ hybridization localization provided direct evidence that the TSHbeta was transcribed in the germ cells. In the growing oocytes, the TSHbeta transcripts were concentrated on the ooplasm periphery. In testicular tissues, the intensively expressed TSHbeta cells were found to be spermatogonia and spermatocytes in the spermatogenic cysts. This is the first report of a TSHbeta expressed in the gonads of any vertebrates in addition to the expected expression in the pituitary, and it expresses more transcripts in the gonads during sex reversal or testis than in the ovaries both in E. coioides and E. akaara. Importantly, the TSHbeta identification in germ cells allows us to further investigate the functional roles and the molecular mechanisms in gametogenesis of groupers, especially in sex reversal and in spermatogenesis. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Total and subcellular distribution of trace elements in the liver of a mother-fetus pair of Dall's porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli)

Total and subcellular hepatic Zn, Cu, Se, Mn, V, Hg, Cd, and Ag were determined in a mother-fetus pair of Dall's porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli). Except for higher fetal Cu concentration, all maternal elements were higher. Elements existed mostly in the cytosol of both animals except in the case of maternal Ag in the microsome and fetal Cu and Ag in the nuclei and mitochondria. In the maternal cytosol, Zn, Mn, Hg, and Ag were present in the high-molecular-weight substances (HMW); Se and V were present in the low-molecular-weight substances (LMW); Cu and Cd were mostly sequestered by metallothionein (MT). In the fetal cytosol, Zn, Se, Mn, Hg, Cd, and Ag were present in the HMW and V in the LMW, while Cu and Ag were mostly associated with MT. MT isoforms were characterized using the HPLC/ICP-MS. Two and four obvious peaks appeared in the maternal and fetal MT fractions, respectively. The highest elemental ion intensities were at a retention time of 7.8 min for the mother, and for the fetus the peak elemental ion intensities occurred at a retention time of 4.3 min, suggesting that different MT isoforms may be involved in elemental accumulation in maternal and fetal hepatocytosols. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

HORMONAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY IN FISH - HUMAN GROWTH-HORMONE GENE-FUNCTION IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED CARP

Transgenic common carp, Cyprinus carpio, produced by the microinjection of fertilized eggs with a linearized chimeric plasmid pMThGH, a human growth hormone (hGH) gene with a mouse metallothionein-I (MT) gene promoter in pBR322, were used to produce F1 and F2 transgenics. Following hypophysectomy of the transgenic F2 common carp, non-transgenic common carp and non-transgenic crucian carp, growth was monitored for up to 110 days. In addition, recombinant hGH was injected subcutaenously into a group of the non-transgenic crucian carp. Growth rate analyses indicated that (1) hypophysectomy of non-transgenic common carp and crucian carp results in the cessation of growth, (2) hGH administration can stimulate the growth of hypophysectomized crucian carp and (3) hypophysectomized hGH-transgenic common carp continue to grow in the absence of their own growth hormone, suggesting that the hGH-transgene is being expressed in tissues other than the pituitary.

Magnetic properties of ZnO-doped cobalt ferrite

The cobalt ferrites with chemical composition Co1+xZnxFe2-2xO4 (r=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4) were obtained with conventional solid reaction. The ZnO-doped samples have lower lattice constant than CoFe2O4 by adjusting Co ions to the octahedral sites. The results show that doping ZnO could extremely improve the magnetic properties. In comparison with pure CoFe2O4, the little ZnO-doped sample has higher permeability and much lower coercivity at the condition of a little decrease of magnetization saturation. Sample with x=0.1 shows evident magnetostrictive effect at the magnetic field of 30-60 mT while pure cobalt ferrite sample does not, though the saturation magnetostriction decreases. These indicate that ZnO-doping improves the magnetostrictive sensitivity of the cobalt ferrites and have potential applications in magnetoelectric devices and magnetic detector.

Magnetic properties of ZnO-doped cobalt ferrite

The cobalt ferrites with chemical composition Co1+xZnxFe2-2xO4 (r=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4) were obtained with conventional solid reaction. The ZnO-doped samples have lower lattice constant than CoFe2O4 by adjusting Co ions to the octahedral sites. The results show that doping ZnO could extremely improve the magnetic properties. In comparison with pure CoFe2O4, the little ZnO-doped sample has higher permeability and much lower coercivity at the condition of a little decrease of magnetization saturation. Sample with x=0.1 shows evident magnetostrictive effect at the magnetic field of 30-60 mT while pure cobalt ferrite sample does not, though the saturation magnetostriction decreases. These indicate that ZnO-doping improves the magnetostrictive sensitivity of the cobalt ferrites and have potential applications in magnetoelectric devices and magnetic detector.

VCSEL-based parallel optical transmission module

This paper describes the design process and performance of the optimized parallel optical transmission module. Based on 1x12 VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) array, we designed and fabricated the high speed parallel optical modules. Our parallel optical module contains a 1x12 VCSEL array, a 12 channel CMOS laser driver circuit, a high speed PCB (Printed Circuit Board), a MT fiber connector and a packaging housing. The L-I-V characteristics of the 850nm VCSEL was measured at the operating current 8mA, 3dB frequency bandwidth more than 3GHz and the optical output 1mW. The transmission rate of all 12 channels is 30Gbit/s, with a single channel 2.5Gbit/s. By adopting the integration of the 1x12 VCSEL array and the driver array, we make a high speed PCB (Printed Circuit Board) to provide the optoelectronic chip with the operating voltage and high speed signals current. The LVDS (Low-Voltage Differential Signals) was set as the input signal to achieve better high frequency performance. The active coupling was adopted with a MT connector (8 degrees slant fiber array). We used the Small Form Factor Pluggable (SFP) packaging. With the edge connector, the module could be inserted into the system dispense with bonding process.

移动数据库系统乐观事务处理策略

在移动数据库系统中 ,计算平台的移动性、频繁的断接性以及长事务等特性使得传统的事务处理模式不再适用 .为了解决移动数据库中的事务处理问题 ,提出了一种新的移动事务处理模型——乐观两阶段提交移动事务模型 ( O2 PC-MT) .该模型采用乐观并发控制与两阶段提交协议相结合的方法 ,对移动事务的长事务特性提供了灵活与有效的支持 ;此外 ,该模型允许移动计算机分多次发送事务操作 ,且在事务执行的过程中可以任意移动 ,从而提供了对交互式事务及随意移动性的支持 .实验结果表明 ,与基于两段锁协议及其变形的其它移动事务处理模型相比 ,O2 PC-MT提高了系统的事务吞吐率并改善了系统的总体性能

大规模移动对象位置信息处理及预测技术研究

随着定位技术和无线通信技术的普及，移动对象规模急剧增大，带来沉重 的通讯和存储开销。如何有效减少移动对象位置更新次数、稳定收集和存储移 动对象运动轨迹，是移动对象数据库领域的研究热点，论文面向大规模移动对 象位置信息处理及预测技术，在综合分析移动对象数据管理相关研究的基础 上，对移动对象的跟踪、负载控制和安全存储进行深入研究，论文的主要工作 及创新性成果如下： 第一，本研究定义了一种适用于移动对象位置预测的主导路径模式，给出 了从历史轨迹数据库中发现该模式的算法，并且从模式定义到挖掘过程中都充 分考虑了表达精度，不仅可表征移动对象未来运动方向，而且可描述对象在这 些运动方向上可能的旅行线路，这些特性使得主导路径模式可以有效应用于移 动对象跟踪场景。 第二，本研究提出了一个基于主导路径模式的移动对象跟踪算法，设计了 主导路径模式索引结构，根据移动对象近期移动轨迹寻找最近最长匹配的主导 路径模式，用于预测该对象在未来时间的旅行路线，进而减少移动对象位置更 新次数。 第三，本研究提出了一个基于数据属性的移动对象跟踪负载控制方法，针 对数据流突发引发的系统过载，给出了使用数据属性来估算数据重要性的轻量 级甩负载框架，保证了移动对象位置信息的平稳收集以及结果的精确性。 第四，本研究提出了一种基于纠删码的轨迹数据分布式安全存储方案，将 轨迹数据分块编码并存储在分布式环境中，不仅保证了数据的完整性和私密 性，而且支持在非中心架构下对数据实施访问控制策略。该方案充分利用网络 边缘的存储能力，来解决巨量轨迹数据的安全存储问题，具有较好扩展性、可 用性和安全性。 最后，本文介绍了用于验证本研究内容的移动对象跟踪和管理平台MOIR， 以及实时监控道路交通状态的数据流管理扩展模块MOIR/MT，为移动对象跟 踪和管理中发现问题和验证思路提供了直观参考。

Geomagnetic paleointensity dating of South China Sea sediments for the last 130 kyr

Relative paleointensity records from the northern South China Sea, northwest Pacific Ocean were studied in two gravity piston cores. Continuous mineral magnetic and paleomagnetic measurements were made using discrete sediment samples. Detailed rock magnetic parameters, such as thermomagnetic and high-field hysteresis data, indicate that pseudo-single domain magnetite in a narrow range of grain-size and concentration is the main contributor to the remanent magnetization. The uniform magnetic mineralogy meets the commonly accepted criteria for establishing relative paleointensity records. The relative paleointensity (RPI) curves were constructed by normalizing the natural remanent magnetization (NRM) with isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM), both in the 20-60 mT demagnetization state. Dating constraints have been provided by radiocarbon ages in the upper 400 cm of both cores. Furthermore, we have correlated our paleointensity records with NAPIS-75, S.Atlantic-1089, Sint-200 and NOPAPIS-250 to determine the chronological RPI framework for the South China Sea (SCS-PIS). Although some temporal offsets of paleointensity features between the different records have been recognized, their similar shape suggests that relative paleointensity on the 10(3)-10(4) year scale is globally coherent and can provide an age framework for sediments independent of delta O-18 ages.

2,3'-联吡啶还原合成毒藜碱、安那他品和异毒藜碱

本论文从2，3'-联吡啶出发，利用两个吡啶环上氮的反应活性差异，选择性合成了单烷基盐1-甲基-2，3，-联吡啶盐、1-甲基-1，一氧-2，3，-联吡啶盐和1'-甲基／节基2，3气联吡啶盐，还原单烷基盐合成了天然生物碱毒黎碱、安那他品和异毒黎碱及其衍生物：对异毒黎碱的合成由还原N，-节基盐后脱节基简化为一步实现还原和脱节基直接得到异毒黎碱。通过用（R）-BINOL和（S）-BINOL对N，-节基异毒黎碱拆分得到了旋光纯的N，-节基异毒黎碱和异毒黎碱，-N，-节基异毒黎碱的旋光度［a］D20：-61．50（c＝2．0，乙醇），卜异毒黎碱的旋光度fa］D20：-14．4"（c-1．0，乙醇）；将C关异毒黎碱用（RMTPA和（s）MT队衍生为Mosher酞胺，应用Mosllel方法确定了C）异毒黎碱手性中心的绝对构型为R型，即（R）-C）异毒黎碱，同时发现，由（R）一MTPA合成的Mosller酞胺中顺式旋转异构体占优。而通常在环胺的Mosller酞胺中，是反式旋转异构体占优。这一例外被MollteCarlo模型模拟计算结果解释：稀溶液中C卜异毒黎碱的Moshel－酞胺，顺式构型能量上比反式更有利。不对称合成天然生物碱更具有挑战性。对异毒黎碱还原合成中的呱l淀烯类中间体，用BINAP-灿催化体系进行了催化不对称还原的合成研究，氢化N'-节基-1，，4，，5，，6，-四氢一2，3，一联吡陡时得到了最高为21．5％的对映体选择性，而对N'-节基一1，，2'，5'，6，-四氢-2，3'一联吡陡的氢化则只得到了不超过10．0％的对映体选择性。

激光热透镜光度分析方法研究

实验部分的报告Ⅰ、Ⅱ为TLS方法原理性的实验。报告Ⅰ中，采用He-Ne激光器单光束热透镜实验装置，以Zr(IV)为工作对象，讨论了盐酸酸度、水溶性有机溶剂丙酮、乙醇等对Zr(IV)-偶氮胂Ⅲ络合物的吸光度、稳定性、TLS信号强度等影响，及L-C距、激光工作电流、探测头光孔径、切光调制频率等各实验参量对TLS信号的影响。在最佳工作条件下，对Zr(IV)的分析检出限达到21ng/mt，线性工作范围0.02 ～ 0.8 μg/mt。对铜基合金中锆的含量做了测定，结果符合样品标定的含量范围，测量的相对标准偏差为8.4%。遗憾的是所选择的样品中的Zr含量较高。报告Ⅱ在Ⅰ的基础上，用同一实验装置对Co(III)-PAN/氯仿体系进行了单吸收池、双吸收池的TLS方法的对比，利用激光热透镜效应在激光束腰前后两个共焦距位置上会聚性和发散性的反对称性十分方便地实现了扣除背景的目的。单池和双池对Co(III)的最低可测浓度分别达到5ng/mt和2ng/mt。在氯仿介质中使用zmw He-Ne激光器，增强因子E值达到10。

N-(间硝基苯磺酰)-6-甲基吲哚体外抗HIV 活性及作用机制研究

本论文对12个N-（取代苯磺酰）吲哚类化合物体外抗HIV活性进行了初步筛选，并选择其中活性最好的化合物N-（间硝基苯磺酰）-6-甲基吲哚，对其抗HIV 活性及作用机制进行深入研究。一、体外检测了12个N-（取代苯磺酰）吲哚类化合物对C8166和MT-4细胞的毒性、对HIV-1IIIB 感染C8166后诱导的合胞体形成的抑制及对HIV-1IIIB感染MT-4 细胞后的保护作用。结果发现多个化合物具有抑制HIV-1复制活性，特别是化合物N-（间硝基苯磺酰）-6-甲基吲哚，其对HIV-1IIIB诱导的合胞体形成的EC50和TI （Therapy index）值分别为0.26 μg/ml和543.78；对HIV-1IIIB急性感染的MT-4细胞也有很好的保护作用（TI值为104.23)。二、选择活性最强的化合物N-（间硝基苯磺酰）-6-甲基吲哚进行深入的抗 HIV活性研究。在细胞水平上，通过观察致感染细胞病变和HIV-1 p24抗原表达抑制实验（ELISA方法），采用3类多株HIV病毒株（实验株、临床分离株、耐药株）和3类多种细胞（人T淋巴细胞传代株、HIV-1慢性感染人T淋巴细胞株、人外周血单个核细胞）对化合物进行体外抗HIV活性进行系统评价，实验结果表明，化合物对不同来源的HIV-1病毒株都显示出很好抗HIV活性。同时，我们也研究了化合物抗HIV-2活性，发现该化合物并不能抑制HIV-2在C8166细胞中复制。三、在细胞毒性实验上，我们检测了N-（间硝基苯磺酰）-6-甲基吲哚对不同的细胞系和人外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）毒性作用，结果显示化合物的细胞毒性较低。四、在作用机制和靶点研究上，检测了化合物对感染与未感染细胞之间融合的抑制、对HIV-1急性感染C8166细胞及对HIV-1慢性感染H9细胞（H9/HIV-1IIIB）中病毒复制的阻断作用。结果显示，N-（间硝基苯磺酰）-6-甲基吲哚对急性感染细胞有很好抑制作用（EC50为0.52 μg/ml）；但对感染与未感染细胞的融合（EC50为 46.40 μg/ml）和慢性感染H9细胞中病毒的复制没有抑制作用（EC50大于100 μg/ml）。提示化合物作用于HIV侵入细胞后到HIV DNA整合前这一阶段。其后对HIV-1逆转录酶活性的抑制情况进行了分析，发现N-（间硝基苯磺酰） -6-甲基吲哚对HIV-1逆转录酶（RT）有很好抑制作用。五、构效关系分析。我们对12 个N-（取代苯磺酰）吲哚类化合物进行了初步的构效关系研究，发现在N-benzenesulfonyl 环上连接一个吸电子基团(nitro group)比供电子基团(methyl group)有更强的抗HIV 活性，但当在indoles 环上连接吸电子基团(nitro group)，抗HIV 活性反而受到抑制。以上实验数据显示N-（间硝基苯磺酰）-6-甲基吲哚是一个安全有效的抗 HIV-1 候选化合物，具有进一步研究价值。

云南龙马山黑白仰鼻猴（Rhinopithecus bieti）的食性、生境利用及保护

从 2003 年12 月至2005 年1 月，我在黑白仰鼻猴（Rhinopithecus bieti）分 布区的南端（26.23o N, 99.25o E，海拔2700-3600 m）运用直接观察法与食物遗迹 法收集了龙马山群（大约80 只）的生境利用和食性数据。通过种内及种间比较， 评估该种的食性与栖息地特化程度。 龙马山群春季偏好落叶阔叶树的嫩芽与花；春末夏初偏好竹笋；秋季偏好果 实；冬季偏好壳斗科的种子。全年的食用植物共计27 科52 属97 种，多于中部 和北部猴群利用的种数。与疣猴亚科其他成员的食谱相比，这个数目仍然偏大。 龙马山群的生境利用方式可归纳如下：(1)家域被山脊分割为5 个相对独立 的斑块，斑块之间走廊状况差；(2)进入地图方格（250 m x 250 m）数与观察天 数的关联曲线呈台阶状上升，在120 个观察日前后达到渐近线；(3)年家域面积 约为9.56 km2，个体密度约8.5 只 / km2；(4)冬季与春季生境利用模式相似；(5) 夏季仅充分利用1 个斑块；(6)平均利用海拔高度为3023.75m。 考虑到（1）北端（西藏小昌都）猴群的食用植物种数为20，而中部（云南 维西塔城）是59 种；（2）地衣类的取食时间（树冠或以树冠为主的扫描观察） 在北端是82.1％，而中部是60％；（3）龙马山群具高度生境选择性，全部家域 在针阔混交林范围内。由此可以得出结论，黑白仰鼻猴的食性，以及相应的生境 需求并没有特化。北方猴群当前的食物与生境的‘不寻常’状态，或多或少是无 可奈何的生态适应。 与位于西藏芒康县的米拉卡群比较，龙马山群所受到的人类干扰主要是生境 的破坏与丧失，而米拉卡群面临的主要为偷猎。尽快建立保护区，禁止烧山毁林， 实施巡护制度，杜绝偷猎是龙马山群避免灭绝的唯一出路。