2(4)-SEMA as a sensitive and offset compensated SLF sequence

Separated Local Field (SLF) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the determination of structure and dynamics of oriented systems such as membrane proteins oriented in lipid bilayers and liquid crystals. Of many SLF techniques available, Polarization Inversion Spin Exchange at Magic Angle (PISEMA) has found wide application due to its many favorable characteristics. However the pulse sequence suffers from its sensitivity to proton resonance frequency offset. Recently we have proposed a new sequence named 2(4)-SEMA (J. Chem. Phys. 132 (2010) 134301) that overcomes this problem of PISEMA. The present work demonstrates the advantage of 2(4)-SEMA as a highly sensitive SLF technique even for very large proton offset. 2(4)-SEMA has been designed for obtaining reliable dipolar couplings by switching the magic-angle spin-lock for protons over four quadrants as against the use of only two quadrants in PISEMA. It is observed that for on-resonance condition, 2(4)-SEMA gives rise to signal intensity comparable to or slightly higher than that from PISEMA. But under off-resonance conditions, intensities from 2(4)-SEMA are several fold higher than those from PISEMA. Comparison with another offset compensated pulse sequence, SAMPI4, also indicates a better intensity profile for 2(4)-SEMA. Experiments carried out on a single crystal of N-15 labeled N-acetyl-DL-valine and simulations have been used to study the relative performance of the pulse sequences considered. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Synthesis and electrical properties of the (PVA)(0.7)(Kl)(0.3)center dot xH(2)SO(4) (0 <= x <= 5) polymer electrolytes and their performance in a primary Zn/MnO2 battery

Solid acid polymer electrolytes (SAPE) were synthesised using polyvinyl alcohol, potassium iodide and sulphuric acid in different molar ratios by solution cast technique. The temperature dependent nature of electrical conductivity and the impedance of the polymer electrolytes were determined along with the associated activation energy. The electrical conductivity at room temperature was found to be strongly depended on the amorphous nature of the polymers and H2SO4 concentration. The ac (100 Hz to 10 MHz) and dc conductivities of the polymer electrolytes with different H2SO4 concentrations were analyzed. A maximum dc conductivity of 1.05 x 10(-3) S cm(-1) has been achieved at ambient temperature for electrolytes containing 5 M H2SO4. The frequency and temperature dependent dielectric and electrical modulus properties of the SAPE were studied. The charge transport in the present polymer electrolyte was obtained using Wagner's polarization technique, which demonstrated the charge transport to be mainly due to ions. Using these solid acid polymer electrolytes novel Zn/SAPE/MnO2 solid state batteries were fabricated and their discharge capacity was calculated. An open circuit voltage of 1.758V was obtained for 5 M H2SO4 based Zn/SAPE/MnO2 battery. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A New Improved Procedure for the Synthesis of 4-Formylcarane - Precursor to Sandatrile, a Novel Perfumery Chemical

Stereospecific synthesis of 4-formylcarane (2) has been achieved through hydroboration-carbonylation of DELTA-3-carene. Both the reactions are optimised using sodium borohydride. The method is utilised for the synthesis of sandatrile (3), a novel perfumery chemical.

An unusual axial co-ordination of phenolate oxygen to copper(II): crystal structure of chloro(2-[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl]-4-nitrophenolato)copper(II)

A tripod ligand possessing two pyridine moieties and a phenolato group as pendants forms a mononuclear complex with an axial copper(II)–phenolate co-ordination in a square-pyramidal environment.

Diruthenium(III) compounds, Ru2O(O2CAr)2(MeCN)4(PPh3)2(ClO4)2.cntdot.H2O and Ru2O(O2CAr)4(PPh3)2, with an (Ru2(.mu.-O)(.mu.-O2CAr)22+) core as model systems for the diiron centers in hemerythrin

Diruthenium(II1) compounds, Ru20(02CAr)2(MeCN)4(PPh3)2(C104)(z1~) Hazn0d R U ~ O ( O ~ C A ~ ) ~(2() P(PA~r ~= )P~h,C6H4-p-OMe), were prepared by reacting R U ~ C I ( O ~ CaAnd~ P)P~h 3 in MeCN and characterized by analytical and spectral data. The molecular structures of 1 with Ar = Ph and of 2 with Ar = C&p-OMe were determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystal data for Ru~~(~~CP~)~(M~CN),(PP~(~la)):~ m(oCnIoc~lin,ic), n~/~cH, ~a O= 27.722 (3) A, b = 10.793 (2) A, c = 23.445 ( 2 )A , fi = 124.18 (l)', V = 5803 A3, and 2 = 4. Cr stal data for Ru~O(O~CC~H~-~-O(M2b~): )o~rth(orPhoPm~bi~c, )Pn~n a, a = 22.767 (5) A, b = 22.084 (7) A, c = 12.904 (3) 1, V = 6488 AS; and 2 = 4. Both 1 and 2 have an (Ruz0(02CAr)z2t1 core that is analogous to the diiron core present in the oxidized form of the nonheme respiratory protein hemerythrin. The Ru-Ru distances of 3.237 (1) and 3.199 ( I ) A observed in 1 and 2, respectively, are similar to the M-M distances known in other model systems. The essentially diamagnetic nature of 1 and 2 is due to the presence of two strongly interacting t22 Ru"' centers. The intense colors of 1 (blue) and 2 (purple) are due to the charge-transfer transition involving an ( R ~ ~ ( f i - 0m)o~ie~ty.) The presence of labile MeCN and carboxylato ancillary ligands in I and 2, respectively, makes these systems reactive toward amine and heterocyclic bases.

4-Azidomethyl-7-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromene-6-sulfonyl azide

In the title compound, C11H8N6O4S, the plane of the coumarin aromatic ring is twisted by 17.2 (2)degrees with respect to the plane of the azide group bound to the methylene substituent, whereas it is twisted by 83.2 (2)degrees to the plane of the azide attached to the sulfonyl group. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak C-H center dot center dot center dot O interactions, leading to the formation of dimers with R-2(2)(12) graph-set motifs. These dimers are further linked by weak S-O center dot center dot center dot pi and pi-pi contacts centroid-centroid distance = 3.765 (2) angstrom], leading to the formation of a layered structure.

(2E)-3-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)-1-(2-methyl-4-phenylquinolin-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-on e monohydrate

The title hydrate, C27H23NO2 center dot H2O, features an almost planar quinoline residue (r.m.s. deviation = 0.015 angstrom) with the benzene dihedral angle = 63.80 (7)degrees] and chalcone C-C-C-O torsion angle = -103.38 (18)degrees] substituents twisted significantly out of its plane. The configuration about the C=C bond 1.340 (2) angstrom] is E. In the crystal, molecules related by the 21 symmetry operation are linked along the b axis via water molecules that form O-H center dot center dot center dot O-c and O-H center dot center dot center dot N-q hydrogen bonds (c = carbonyl and q = quinoline). A C-H center dot center dot center dot O interaction also occurs.

Covalent attachment of two important dicopper(II) systems in a one-dimensional polymeric chain: An x-ray structure of [Cu2(en)2(OH)2·Cu2(O2CMe)4](PF6)2·0.5EtOH]α showing the shortest Cucdots, three dots, centeredCu Distance in the tetraacetato core

Reaction of Cu2(O2CMe)4(H2O)2 with 1,2-diaminoethane(en) in ethanol, followed by the addition of NH4PF6, led to the formation of a covalently linked 1D polymeric copper(II) title complex showing alternating [Cu2(en)2(OH)22+] and [Cu2(O2CMe)4] units in the chain and the shortest Cucdots, three dots, centeredCu separation of 2.558(2) Å in the tetraacetato core.

Kuinka kauas vääryyksien varjot ulottuvat?

Suomessa on viime vuosina keskusteltu 1900-luvun historiamme eräiden vaiheiden moraalisesta (uudelleen)arvioinnista. Tällöin on myös väitelty siitä, pitäisikö jonkin tahon esimerkiksi pyytää anteeksi mahdollisia tehtyjä vääryyksiä. Tässä artikkelissa tarkastellaan suomalaisnuorten ajatuksia historiallisista hyvityksistä, tulkitaan niitä suhteessa suomalaisnuorten historiatietoisuutta koskevaan aiempaan tutkimukseen sekä pohditaan lyhyesti havaintojen historiandidaktisia implikaatioita.

Incorporation of chelating 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) ligands at the equatorial sites of Cu2(μ-O2CMe)4(H2O)2: an x-ray structure of [Cu2(μ-O2CMe)2(H2O)(bipy)2](PF6)2

The asymmetric dicopper(II) title complex with a [Cu2(μ-O2CMe)22+ core was isolated from the reaction between Cu2(μ-O2CMe)4(H2O)2 and bipy in EtOH in the presence of NH4PF6 and has been characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis.

Asemakaavoitus Helsingin seudun kasvun hallinnassa

Many Finnish municipalities need to control their growth. In this research growth is understood as developments of land utilisation and also as a wide range of other changes that have mainly ap-peared as a result of a long term growth in population. The development growth control contains four areas: 1. adequate productivity of town planning, 2. stationing the growth to needs led and for sustainable developments, 3. quality of the developing environment, and 4. producing growth with communicative and transparent process. The aim of the research is to represent connection between town planning and development growth control. Research defines the role of town planning in the municipalities development growth control. In addition research focuses on links between town planning and development growth control in history, present and in the development work for the future. According to the hypothesis the extensive examination of town planning enables better growth control and promotes appropriate response to municipal changes regarding housing delivery. As an example there are five outskirt municipalities in the Helsinki region. They are called Kirkkonummi, Vihti, Nurmijärvi, Tuusula and Sipoo. The decision was to use examples based on a contingence theory. According to the theory there is no one correct way to operate. Therefore development should be based on individual municipal needs. In the research, municipality s needs were collected by 20 semi- structured interviews from municipal officials. In addition there were group interviews in Uusimaa Regional Council and in Uusimaa Regional Environmental Centre. There was also secondary material collected from official papers and statistics. Operationalisation was the analysis tool between empiric and literature reviews. The role of town planning has evolved during the 20th century from a more simple town plan level to operative stage in town planning hierarchy. Outskirt municipalities town planning was established during the 1960s. Since then one of the most important aims in the town planning has been to produce growth and building possibilities. Currently the challenge is to reach the satisfying rate of productivity and to meet increased housing demand. Other challenges include locating the appropriate geographical areas for growth; and the balance between required developments and planning permission decisions. Findings concluded that town planning should be more viable and it should have better ability to co-operate and operate in the changing operational environment. Municipality s ability to receive growth can increase and growth control can advance by planned and workable town planning. It is essential to take wide perspective of the each municipality's unique needs to improve productivity rather than to focus simply on productivity.

Annales Societatis zoologicae-botanicae Fennicae Vanamo tom. 4

Kielet latina, saksa ja suomi.

Insights into conformational and packing features in a series of aryl substituted ethyl-6-methyl-4-phenyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate

The supramolecular structures of eight aryl protected ethyl-6-methyl-4-phenyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine- 5-carboxylates have been analyzed to determine the role of different functional groups on the molecular geometry, conformational characteristics and the packing of these molecules in the crystal lattice. Out of these the para fluoro substituted compound on the aryl ring exhibits conformational polymorphism, due to the different conformation of the ester moiety. This behaviour has been characterized using both powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry performed on both these polymorphs. The compounds pack via the cooperative interplay of strong N-H center dot center dot center dot O=C intermolecular dimers and chains forming a sheet like structure. In addition, weak C-H center dot center dot center dot O=C and C-H center dot center dot center dot pi interactions impart additional stability to the crystal packing.