HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME (HPS) IN GUARIBA, SP, BRAZIL: REPORT OF 2 CASES

Human infections caused by a hantavirus were reported in different regions of the State of São Paulo (SP), Brazil during the first six months of 1998. Two cases of fatal pulmonary syndrome occurred in May of 1998 in the City of Guariba, located in the Northeastern Region of SP. Both patients worked in a corn storage barn infested by rodents. These patients, after 2 or 3 days of non-specific febrile illness, developed a severe interstitial pneumonia spreading widely in both lungs, causing respiratory failure and death. At autopsy both patients showed lung interstitial edema with immunoblast-like mononuclear cell infiltrates, consistent with a viral etiology. Hantavirus infection was diagnosed by ELISA in both cases and by RT-PCR in one of the patients. Aspects of the clinical presentation, physiopathology and differential diagnosis of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome are discussed.

História e património nos sítios web das câmaras municipais: a sugestão de boas prática e o evitar de maus procedimentos de divulgação

Trabalho de Projecto apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Práticas Culturais para Municípios

Chlorella sp. coagulation‐flocculation by inducing a modification on the pH broth medium

Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Bioenergia

Etiology of acute diarrhea among children in Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil

To study the main enteropathogens causing diarrhea in the region of Ribeirão Preto regarding serogroups and serotypes, the feces of 1836 children under 10 years old, from both sexes, attack of acute gastroenteritis, were analysed during a period of 4 years in Adolfo Lutz Institute - Ribeirão Preto, SP. The pathogens identified by standard methods were the following: Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp., Yersinia spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. Positive samples were 22.8% (419) with 1.7% association of pathogens. Larger isolates were mainly from children 0 to 11 months old. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) was most frequent (8.7%) with predominance of serogroup O119 (40.2%), followed by Shigella (6.2%), 63.6% of which S. sonnei.

O fantasma de Evans-Pritchard:diálogos da antropologia com a sua história

Etnográfica, V. 15, N. 2, pp. 337-360.

Occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts in raw water from the Atibaia river, Campinas, Brazil

Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia duodenalis are waterborne parasites that have caused several outbreaks of gastrointestinal disease associated with drinking water. Due to the lack of studies about the occurrence of these protozoa in water in the Southeast of Brazil, an investigation was conducted to verify the presence of cysts and oocysts in superficial raw water of the Atibaia River. The water samples were submitted to membrane filtration (3.0 mum) and elution was processed by (1) scraping and rinsing of membrane (RM method) and (2) acetone-dissolution (ADM method). Microbiologic and chemical parameters were analyzed. Aliquots of the pellets were examined by immunofluorescence (Merifluor, Meridian Diagnostics, Cincinnati, Ohio). All water samples were positive for Cryptosporidium and Giardia, in spite of the high turbidity. Higher recovery rates occurred in samples treated by the RM method than by the ADM technique. The goal for future work is the assessment of viability of cysts and oocysts to determine the public health significance of this finding.

A leitura nos debates da história cultural

pp. 185-204

Efeitos imediatos da técnica de mobilização com movimento aplicada na articulação tíbio-peroneal inferior na amplitude de dorsiflexão em indíviduos com história de entorse do tornozelo

RESUMO: A entorse do tornozelo é uma das lesões músculo-esqueléticas mais comuns. A limitação da amplitude de dorsiflexão tem sido demonstrada como uma das consequências desta lesão, bem como um dos factores contribuintes para a recorrência. Vários estudos têm demonstrado que o membro lesado de indivíduos com história de entorse, apresenta uma falha posicional anterior do peróneo. Um estudo realizado em cadáveres revelou que um deslizamento póstero-superior ao nível da articulação tibioperoneal inferior pode contribuir para aumentar a amplitude de dorsiflexão. Está descrita uma técnica de terapia manual que realiza o deslizamento póstero-superior do maléolo lateral associada ao movimento activo de flexão dorsal (MWM). No entanto, não existe, até à data, nenhum estudo que investigue a efectividade desta MWM em indivíduos com limitação da FD e história de entorse unilateral do tornozelo. Desenho de estudo: Ensaio clínico aleatorizado e controlado por placebo, duplamente cego. Objectivos: Avaliar os efeitos imediatos da MWM na articulação tibio-peroneal inferior na amplitude de flexão dorsal e no deslizamento posterior do astrágalo em indivíduos com história de entorse unilateral do tornozelo e limitação da flexão dorsal. O protocolo experimental foi aplicado uma única vez e os seus efeitos comparados com uma intervenção placebo. Metodologia: Uma amostra de 30 indivíduos com história de entorse unilateral e limitação da amplitude de flexão dorsal foi aleatoriamente distribuído por dois grupos: grupo MWM e grupo placebo. Foram avaliados o deslizamento posterior do astrágalo e a avaliação da amplitude de flexão dorsal em carga. As avaliações foram realizadas imediatamente antes e após a intervenção. Resultados: Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os grupos na avaliação inicial (baseline). A realização da one-way ANCOVA revelou que, imediatamente após a intervenção, se verificou um aumento na amplitude de flexão dorsal no grupo MWM (aumento de 1.37 cm (DP, 0.97) significativamente superior ao grupo placebo (diminuição de 0.15cm (DP, 0.63) (P<.001). O deslizamento posterior do astrágalo aumentou 1.51º (DP, 1.77) no grupo MWM, no entanto este aumento não foi significativamente superior ao aumento de 0.76º (DP, 1.26) do grupo placebo (P=.113). Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que a MWM na articulação tibioperoneal inferior produziram um efeito significativo na amplitude de flexão dorsal embora o mesmo não se tenha verificado no deslizamento posterior do astrágalo. Estes resultados fornecem evidência preliminar para a efectividade da MWM como intervenção em indivíduos com história de entorse unilateral e limitação da amplitude de flexão dorsal.---------------ABSTRACT:Background: Ankle sprains are one of the most common musculo-skeletal injuries. Impaired dorsiflexion range of motion has been shown to be one of the consequences of this injury, as well as one of the contributing factors to recurrence. Several studies have shown the presence of an anterior positional fault of the fibula in injuried ankles. A cadaveric study revealed that a posterosuperior glide of the distal tibiofibular may contribute to improve dorsiflexion. There is a manual therapy technique which provides a posterosuperior glide of the lateral malleolus combined with dorsiflexion active movement (MWM). However, there was no study, until now, that investigated the effectiveness of this MWM in individuals with impaired dorsiflexion and history of unilateral ankle sprain. Design: Double-blind randomized placebo controlled trial. Objectives: To determine the immediate effects of a distal tibiofibular MWM in ankle dorsiflexion and talar posterior glide in patients with history of unilateral ankle sprain and limitation of dorsiflexion. The treatment technique was used as a single treatment against a placebo group. Methods: A sample of 30 subjects with a history of unilateral ankle sprain and limitation of dorsiflexion were randomized into two groups: distal tibiofibular MWM or a placebo group. The outcome measures used in this study were the posterior talar glide and weight-bearing (WB) ankle dorsiflexion range of motion. The measures were taken before and immediately after the intervention. Results: No significant differences were found in baseline measures between groups. A one-way ANCOVA revealed that, immediately after the intervention, there was an improvement in ankle dorsiflexion in the MWM group (increase of 1.37 cm (SD, 0.97) significantly superior to the placebo group (decrease of 0.15cm (SD, 0.63) (P<.001). Posterior talar glide increased by 1.51º (SD, 1.77) for the MWM group, which was more than 0.76º (SD, 1.25) for the placebo intervention although there wasn’t a significant difference between groups (P=.113). Conclusion: This investigation’s findings suggest that an inferior tibio-fibular MWM produced a significant effect on WB dorsiflexion range of motion and posterior talar glide. These results provide preliminary evidence for the efficacy of mobilisations with movement in the management of individuals with history of unilateral ankle sprain and limitation of dorsiflexion.

Prevalence of putative periodontopathogens from periodontal patients and healthy subjects in São Paulo, SP, Brazil

A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. forsythus, P. gingivalis, C. rectus, E. corrodens, P. intermedia, F. nucleatum, and T. denticola were identified from subgingival plaque from 50 periodontal patients and 50 healthy subjects. PCR products from each species showed a specific band and could be used to identify periodontal organisms from clinical specimens. Identical negative or positive results between PCR and culture occurred in 66% (A. actinomycetemcomitans) to 93% (F. nucleatum) of the samples. PCR detection odds ratio values for A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. forsythus, C. rectus, E. corrodens, P. intermedia, and T. denticola were significantly associated with disease having a higher OR values for B. forsythus (2.97, 95% CI 1.88 - 4.70). Cultures showed that A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. forsythus and P. intermedia were associated with periodontitis, however, P. gingivalis, C. rectus, E. corrodens and F. nucleatum were not significantly associated with the disease.

Frequency of serum anti-cysticercus antibodies in the population of a rural Brazilian community (Cássia dos Coqueiros, SP) determined by ELISA and immunoblotting using Taenia crassiceps antigens

Considering the impact of cysticercosis on public health, especially the neurologic form of the disease, neurocysticercosis (NC), we studied the frequency of positivity of anti-Taenia solium cysticercus antibodies in serum samples from 1,863 inhabitants of Cássia dos Coqueiros, SP, a municipal district located 80 km from Ribeirão Preto, an area considered endemic for cysticercosis. The 1,863 samples were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using an antigenic extract from Taenia crassiceps vesicular fluid (Tcra). The reactive and inconclusive ELISA samples were tested by immunoblotting. Of the 459 samples submitted to immunoblotting, 40 were strongly immunoreactive to the immunodominant 18 and 14 kD peptides. Considering the use of immunoblotting as confirmatory due to its high specificity, the anti-cysticercus serum prevalence in this population was 2.1%.

Evaluation of Etest and macrodilution broth method for antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida sp strains isolated from oral cavities of AIDS patients

A comparison of the Etest and the reference broth macrodilution susceptibility test for fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B was performed with 59 of Candida species isolated from the oral cavities of AIDS patients. The Etest method was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions, and the reference method was performed according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards document M27-A guidelines. Our data showed that there was a good correlation between the MICs obtained by the Etest and broth dilution methods. When only the MIC results at ± 2 dilutions for both methods were considered, the agreement rates were 90.4% for itraconazole, ketoconazole and amphotericin B and 84.6% for fluconazole of the C. albicans tested. In contrast, to the reference method, the Etest method classified as susceptible three fluconazole-resistant isolates and one itraconazole-resistant isolate, representing four very major errors. These results indicate that Etest could be considered useful for antifungal sensitivity evaluation of yeasts in clinical laboratories.

A leitura nos debates da história cultural

pp. 185-204

Human toxocariasis: a seroepidemiological survey in the municipality of Campinas (SP), Brazil

The occurrence of human Toxocara infection was evaluated in three neighborhoods of the periphery of the Campinas municipality (Jardim Santa Mônica, Jardim São Marcos and Jardim Campineiro) in 1999. Forty residences and 138 residents were randomly selected by drawing lots and were submitted to a seroepidemiological survey, which included blood collection for the immunoenzymatic detection (ELISA) of anti-Toxocara antibodies and a blood count, and the application of a semi-structured questionnaire for the evaluation of epidemiological data. Significant levels of anti-Toxocara antibodies were detected in 23.9% of the 1999 samples. No significant difference in the frequency of infection according to age was observed. Environmental contamination with Toxocara eggs was observed in 12.3 and 14.0% of 57 soil samples collected in the same region in December 1998 and July 1999, respectively. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression of the data obtained from the questionnaires and of the results of the serological tests, suggest a significant influence of socioeconomic variables on the frequency of human infection with Toxocara under the conditions prevalent in the study area.

Human bertiellosis in Goiás, Brazil: a case report on human infection by Bertiella sp. (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae)

The authors report on a new case of human Bertiellosis in a 2-year old female patient who was born in Goiânia-Goiás (Brazil) and has had history of permanent dwelling in an area frequently visited by simians in Mato Grosso (Brazil). At the time of diagnosis the patient showed inappetence, abdominal pain, and loss of weight. Eggs and proglottids were found in her stool and were identified as Bertiella sp. The objective of this report is to register the third case of human Bertiellosis in Brazil, characterizing one more case of helminthic zoonosis.

História e tradição. O liberalismo de o Padre Amaro

pp. 63-76