Defining the art of grammar: Ancient perceptions of γραμματική and grammatical

The subject of this dissertation, which belongs to the field of Classical Philology, are the definitions of the art of grammar found in Greek and Latin sources from the Classical era to the second century CE. Definitions survive from grammarians, philosophers, and general scholars. I have examined these definitions from two main points of view: how they are formed, and how they reflect the development of the art itself. Defining formed part of dialectic, in practice also of rhetoric, and was perceived as important from the Classical era onwards. Definitions of grammar seem to have become established as part of preliminary discussions, located at the beginning of grammatical manuals (tékhnai, artes). These discussions included certain principal notions of the art; in addition to the definition, a list of the parts of the art was also typically included. These lists were formed by two different methods: division (diaíresis, divisio) and partition (merismós, partitio). Many of the grammarians may actually have been unfamiliar with these methods, unlike the two most important scholars of the Late Republic, Varro and Cicero. Significant attention was devoted to the question whether the art of grammar is based on lógos or empeiría. This epistemological question had its roots in medical theories, which were prominent in Alexandria. In the history of the concept of grammatiké or grammatica, three stages become evident. In the Classical era, the Greek term is used to refer to a very concrete art of letters (grámmata); from the Hellenistic era onwards it refers to the art developed by the Alexandrian scholars, a matter of textual and literary criticism. Towards the end of the Hellenistic era, the grammarian also becomes involved with the question of correct language, which gradually begins to appear in the definitions as well.

RADAR Roadmap: The application of EPrints for the continued development of RADAR at The Glasgow School of Art

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Toward a-state-of-the-art IR copyright management system: a needs assessment

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Fedora 4 as a Shared Linked Data repository for the Art Institute of Chicago Collections

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Varareittisuunnitelma Pohjois-Pohjanmaan ELY-keskuksen alueen länsiosan kantateille : Kantatiet 58, 63, 86 ja 88

Pääteillä esiintyvien häiriöiden, kuten onnettomuuksien, tietöiden, tapahtumien ja poikkeuksellisten ruuhkatilanteiden varalle tarvitaan varareittejä, joille liikenne voidaan häiriön sattuessa ohjata joko kokonaan tai osittain. Varareitit ja niiden opastus tulee olla ennalta suunniteltuja, jolloin niiden käyttöönotto sujuu häiriötilanteessa mahdollisimman vaivattomasti eri viranomaisten yhteistyönä. Häiriötilanteiden hallinnassa paitsi suunnitellut varareitit ja niiden liikenteen ohjaus, myös tiivis yhteistyö eri viranomaisten välillä on oleellista tilanteen sujuvan hoitamisen kannalta. Tässä raportissa on esitetty Pohjois-Pohjanmaan länsiosan kantateille liikenteen häiriötilanteissa käytettävät varareitit, häiriöpaikalla tapahtuvan liikenteenohjauksen periaatekuva sekä varareittien liikenteenohjaussuunnitelmat. Suunnittelualueella on, kuten pääsääntöisesti koko Suomen tieverkolla, varsin vähän lyhyitä ja aina kaikelle liikenteelle soveltuvia varareittejä. Tämän vuoksi suunnitelmassa määritettiin varsinkin raskaan liikenteen tarpeita ajatellen myös pidempiä varareittejä. Pidemmille varareiteille liikennettä ohjattaessa korostuu tiedotuksen ja liikenteenohjauskaluston tärkeys. Varareitin aktivoinnissa ja liikenteenohjauksen järjestämisessä korostuu yhteistyö liikenneviraston tieliikennekeskuksen kanssa. ELYkeskus vastaa kustannuksista, urakoitsijan kanssa tehdyn sopimuksen mukaisesti, jotka syntyvät urakoitsijan toiminnasta häiriöhallintatilanteen purkamisessa.

Waste Management in Commercial Activity: State-of-the-Art and the Potential Innovation in the Urban Areas of Hanoi, Vietnam

As the rapid development of the society as well as the lifestyle, the generation of commercial waste is getting more complicated to control. The situation of packaging waste and food waste – the main fractions of commercial waste in different countries in Europe and Asia is analyzed in order to evaluate and suggest necessary improvements for the existing waste management system in the city of Hanoi, Vietnam. From all waste generation sources of the city, a total amount of approximately 4000 tons of mixed waste is transported to the composting facility and the disposal site, which emits a huge amount of 1,6Mt of GHG emission to the environment. Recycling activity is taking place spontaneously by the informal pickers, leads to the difficulty in managing the whole system and uncertainty of the overall data. With a relative calculation, resulting in only approximately 0,17Mt CO2 equivalent emission, incinerator is suggested to be the solution of the problem with overloaded landfill and raising energy demand within the inhabitants.

Bioética y catolicismo: dificultades en torno a la constitución de una identidad colectiva

Para 1994, las preocupaciones sobre los avances científicos en términos de biomedicina como la manipulación genética, la reproducción asistida, la anticoncepción y el aborto llevaron al Papa Juan Pablo II a instituir formalmente a la Pontificia Academia para la Vida con el objetivo de defender y promover la vida mediante el estudio y monitoreo de los avances médicos y el derecho. En Argentina, para fines de la década del noventa, algunos movimientos católicos iniciaron la formación de laicos en bioética, apoyando la idea de que son ellos, especialmente los profesionales de la salud, quienes deben difundir los postulados doctrinarios en el territorio, allí donde se encuentran los bautizados. Este trabajo intentará dar cuenta de las estrategias de producción identitarias por parte de algunos líderes católicos bioéticos de un grupo que se dedica a formar laicos en bioética, durante el año 2008.

Los newagers: el efecto colibrí. Artífices de menús especializados, tejedores de circuitos en la red, y polinizadores de culturas híbridas

En este artículo se describe la trayectoria de búsqueda espiritual de un agente nodal en la red espiritual alternativa comúnmente conocida como New Age para atender el impacto de su trayectoria en la hibridación de una espiritualidad neoindia. Se proponen tres procesos a tenerse en cuenta para una metodología del estudio del impacto de hibridación cultural que genera el New Age: 1) Su condición de diseñador de menús creyentes individualizados hechos con retazos de distintas tradiciones religiosas (Champion y Hervieu-Lèger 1990); 2) su agencia como “agente nodal” para tejer articulaciones, alianzas y conexiones en la red: entre otros agentes nodos, entre diversos circuitos y otros campos sociales especializados; y 3) su competencia de “polinizador” (Soares 2009) de culturas y religiones. El argumento de este trabajo destaca que los buscadores espirituales en su andar no sólo recogen fragmentos culturales de distintas tradiciones para armar menús personalizados de creencias, sino que además son transmisores de significados que contribuyen a hibridar las culturas por donde van pasando. Muchas de las cuales coinciden con comunidades étnicas valoradas por su relación con la naturaleza, su ancestralidad y su exotismo a los ojos de los occidentales.

Meditationes sancti evangelii 86

Arkit: A-B4.

Casus vulneris cum fractura olecrani et ruptura ancyloseos verae complicati; quem venia exper. fac. med. praeside Joh. Agap. Törngren, m. d. chir. [et] art. obst. professore p. [et] o. Pro gradu medico publicae submittit censurae Andreas Jacobus Hjertman, stip. publ. Obstrob. [!] In audit. med. die XXVI Octob. MDCCCXVI, h. a. & p. m. s

Dedikaatio: Carolus Mannerheim.

Developing novel one-step processes for obtaining food-grade O/W emulsions from pressurized fluid extracts: processes description, state of the art and perspectives

Abstract In this work, a novel on-line process for production of food-grade emulsions containing oily extracts, i.e. oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions, in only one step is presented. This process has been called ESFE, Emulsions from Supercritical Fluid Extraction. With this process, emulsions containing supercritical fluid extracts can be obtained directly from plant materials. The aim in the conception of this process is to propose a new rapid way to obtain emulsions from supercritical fluid extracts. Nowadays the conventional emulsion formulation method is a two-step procedure, i.e. first supercritical fluid extraction for obtaining an extract; secondly emulsion formulation using another device. Other variation of the process was tested and successfully validated originating a new acronymed process: EPFE (Emulsions from Pressurized Fluid Extractions). Both processes exploit the supercritical CO2-essential oils miscibility, in addition, EPFE process exploits the emulsification properties of saponin-rich pressurized aqueous plant extracts. The feasibility of this latter process was demonstrated using Pfaffia glomerata roots as source of saponin-rich extract, water as extracting solvent and clove essential oil, directly extracted using supercritical CO2, as a model dispersed phase. In addition, examples of pressurized fluid-based coupled processes applied for adding value to food bioactive compounds developed in the past five years are reviewed.

Catalogus librorum & instrumentorum chirurgicorum b. m. viri Josephi Pippingsköld, m. d. profess. chirurg. [et] art. obstetr. ad Imp. Acad. Aboëns. nec non imp. coll. med. assessoris, sub hasta d. Oct. XXX & sqq. a. MDCCCXVI

Julkaisuvuosi nimekkeestä.