Adequação do conteúdo do Plenarinho a seu público-alvo : 7 a 14 anos

Analisa o Plenarinho, um portal infantil da Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil, que visa contribuir para a formação cidadã de crianças de 7 a 14 anos. O principal desafio é a criação de produtos e conteúdos de modo que possam atrair este público.

Effects of wall temperature on boundary layer stability over a blunt cone at Mach 7.99

Effects of wall temperature on stabilities of hypersonic boundary layer over a 7-degree half-cone-angle blunt cone are studied by using both direct numerical simulation (DNS) and linear stability theory (LST) analysis. Four isothermal wall cases with Tw/T0= 0.5, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9, as well as an adiabatic wall case are considered. Results of both DNS and LST indicate that wall temperature has significant effects on the growth of disturbance waves. Cooling the surface accelerates unstable Mack II mode waves and decelerates the first mode (Tollmien–Schlichting mode) waves. LST results show that growth rate of the most unstable Mack II mode waves for the cases of cold wall Tw/T0=0.5 and 0.7 are about 45% and 25% larger than that for the adiabatic wall, respectively. Numerical results show that surface cooling modifies the profiles of rdut/dyn and temperature in the boundary layers, and thus changes the stability haracteristic of the boundary layers, and then effects on the growth of unstable waves. The results of DNS indicate that the disturbances with the frequency range from about 119.4 to 179.1 kHz, including the most unstable Mack modes, produce strong mode competition in the downstream region from about 11 to 100 nose radii. And adiabatic wall enhances the amplitudes of disturbance according to the results of DNS, although the LST indicates that the growth rate of the disturbance of cold wall is larger. That because the growth of the disturbance does not only depend on the development of the second unstable mode.

Preliminary economic evaluation of 10 metre (LOA) shallow draft vessel in daily fishery, off Imo River, Cross River State

Scientists from the Institute with the collaboration of Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO), Rome designed and built a 10-m (LOA) shallow draft vessel. The prototype vessel was tried at Uta-Ewa, Ikot Abasi, Cross River State. The paper deals with the preliminary economic analysis of the performance of prototype vessel. An analysis of the annual return has shown that 43.66% of the annual gross income was paid to labour; 15.91% was spent on repairs and replacements; 7.76% on fuel and lubricants; 24.38% on maintenance costs and the return of investment, 6.2%. This low return of investment is attributable to high percentage of labour costs as well as low fishing intensity

Die Ostsee-Fischereikommission setzt stärker auf biologische Vorsorge. Ergebnisse der Internationalen Ostsee-Fischereikommission (International Baltic Sea Fishery Commission - IBSFC) vom 7. bis 11. September 1998 in Warschau

Die Tagung setzte den während der vorigen Jahrestagung zu beobachtenden Kurs einer Schwerpunktverlagerung generell fort. Diese ist durch die stärkere Berücksichtigung des Vorsorgeansatzes im Fischereimanagement auf der Grundlage wissenschaftlicher Empfehlungen des ACFM (Management-Komitee für Fischerei) des ICES gekennzeichnet. Damit traten die in der Vergangenheit fischereipolitisch dominierten nationalen Managementinteressen weitestgehend in den Hintergrund und trugen somit zu einer sachlichen Tagungsatmosphäre bei. Wichtigste Tagungsthemen waren die Ausnutzung der nationalen Quoten für 1997 und 1998 (1. Halbjahr), die Festlegung der zulässigen Gesamtfangmengen (TAC) für die internationalen Fischereien 1999, aber auch Strategien zur Nutzung der lebenden Ressourcen der Ostsee unter den Bedingungen des Vorsorgeansatzes im Fischereimanagement. An den Beratungen nahmen Ländervertreter und Experten Estlands, der EU, Lettlands, Polens und der Russischen Föderation sowie Beobachter des ICES (Internationaler Rat für Meeresforschung) und der HELCOM (Helsinki-Kommission) teil.

Laser action from 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-2,6-diethyl-8-n-propyl pyrromethene-BF2

We measured spectroscopic and laser action properties of a novel 8-position substituted pyrromethene-BF2, namely 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-2,6-diethyl-8-n-propyl pyrromethene-BF2 complex. The laser action was performed with the corresponding dye solution in ethanol, which was placed in a Littman-type laser cavity pumped by the second harmonic of a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The spectroscopic measurements clearly indicated that the corresponding dye solution in ethanol exhibited intense absorption in the visible spectral region with large fluorescence quantum yield. It possesses rather low triplet-triplet absorption in the spectral region 460-550 nm and almost negligible triplet-triplet absorption in the lasing spectral region. As a consequence, it lases nearly as efficiently as commercially available benchmark laser dyes such as Rhodamine-6G and outperformed them in wavelength tunability in our laser cavity and pump geometry. (C) 2002 Optical Society of America.

Kadete eta jubenil futbolarien arteko ezberdintasunak jauzi, azelerazio eta norabide aldaketa gaitasunetan

Helburua: Ikerketa honen helburu nagusia kadete eta jubenil futbolarien arteko ezberdintasunak analizatzea izan zen azelerazio, norabide aldaketa, jauzi bertikal eta jauzi horizontal gaitasunetan. Metodoak: Lagina Romo Futbol Club-aren 34 futbol jokalarik osatu zuten, denak gizonezkoak (16,03 ± 1,22 urte, 1,73 ± 0,07 m, 66,86 ± 7,65 kg, 22,21 ± 1,91 kg.m-2). Lagina bi taldetan banatu egin zen, lehiatzen zuten kategoria kontutan hartuta. 1.taldeak (KAD) Kadeteen Euskal Ligan jokatzen zuen (15,12 ± 0,70 urte, 1,71 ± 0,07 m, 63,06 ± 6,66 kg, 21,48 ± 1,56 kg.m-2), 2.taldeak (JUB) Jubenilen Nazional Ligan egiten zuen bitartean (16,94 ± 0,90 urte, 1,76 ± 0,07 m, 70,65 ± 6,77 kg, 22,93 ± 2,00 kg.m-2). Testak bi egun ezberdinetan burutu egin ziren eta jokalariek ez zuten intentsitate altuko jarduerarik egin frogen aurreko bi egunetan. 1.egunean, asteartea, jokalari guztien datu antropometrikoak hartu ziren eta azelerazio gaitasuna, norabide aldaketa gaitasuna (CODA) eta jauzi horizontala (HJ) neurtzeko testak burutu ziren. 2.egunean, osteguna, salto bertikalari (VJ) dagozkion frogak eraman ziren aurrera. Emaitzak: Azelerazio gaitasunean ezberdintasun esanguratsuak eskuratu ziren kadeteen eta jubenilen artean. Hala ere, MAT testan lortutako emaitzak antzekoak izan ziren bi taldeetan. Ezberdintasun esanguratsuak eskuratu ziren elastizitate indizean (IE) eta efektuaren tamaina altua edo moderatua izan zen VCMJ eta CMJAS frogetan. Ezberdintasun esanguratsuak aurkitu ziren bai HCMJ jauzian zein H3BT jauzian jokalari kadete eta jubenilen artean. Konklusioa: Ikerketa honetan kategorien arteko ezberdintasunak aurkitu ziren (kadete eta jubenil) azelerazio gaitasunean, baina ez norabide aldaketa gaitasunean. Jauzi gaitasunari dagokionez, jokalari jubenilek jauzi horizontal gaitasun handiagoa eskuratu zuten. Hala ere, ezberdintasun hauek ez ziren ikusi jauzi bertikal mota guztietan. Kontra mugimendurik gabeko jauzi bertikal testan (VSJ), emaitzak antzekoak izan ziren adin ezberdinetako jokalarien artean. Emaitza hauei erreparatuz, interesgarria izan daiteke azelerazio (5 eta 15 m), luzatze-laburtze ziklodun jauzi bertikal (VCMJ eta VCMJAS) eta jauzi horizontal (HCMJ eta H3BT) testak erabiltzea errendimendua analizatzeko futbolari gazteetan.

7 fs超快强激光驱动Ar原子产生支持单个阿秒脉冲的高次谐波连续谱

采用脉冲宽度为7 fs，脉冲能量为0．4mJ的超快强激光脉冲与气体盒子中Ar原子作用获得了高次谐波截止区连续谱，并发现当驱动激光稳定在不同的载波包络相位时，高次谐波的谱结构、谱调制深度和连续谱的带宽都有很大区别。在某些载波包络相位时获得了平滑的连续谱，调制深度小于17％，连续带宽达10eV，从而支持时域上获得变换极限500as的单个阿秒脉冲。

Serie Vídeos tutoriales para fonética. Video 7. Praat: doing phonetics by computer (Parte 3: Propiedades acústicas de los sonidos del habla observables en espectros)

Esta es una colección de 10 vídeos tutoriales que pueden ser empleados como material educativo en los cursos de fonética básica en el ámbito universitario. Los vídeos 1-3 tratan aspectos relacionados con la grabación: el tipo de micrófonos que se emplean, las clases de espacios en las que se suelen llevar a cabo la captura de señales de audio y las grabadoras que se suelen emplear. El vídeo 4 explora técnicas de captura y observación de datos de flujo y presión en fonética aerodinámica. Los vídeos 5-10 presentan información sobre los principales usos que se le brindan al programa Praat (Boersma y Weenink, 2014) en los estudios actuales de fonética acústica, desde la clase de información sobre modos de articulación de las consonantes que se puede identificar en oscilogramas hasta la creación de señales sonoras sintetizadas por medio de unos procedimientos que tiene el programa para tal propósito, los cuales son susceptibles de ser empleados en experimentos de percepción auditiva.

Synthesis of (±)-7,8-epoxy-4-basmen-6-one by a transannular cyclization strategy

The first synthesis of the cembranoid natural product (±)-7,8-epoxy-4-basmen-6- one (1) is described. Key steps of the synthetic route include the cationic cyclization of the acid chloride from 15 to provide the macrocycle 16, and the photochemical transannular radical cyclization of the ester 41 to form the tricyclic product 50. Product 50 was transformed into 1 in ten steps. Transition-state molecular modeling studies were found to provide accurate predictions of the structural and stereochemical outcomes of cyclization reactions explored experimentally in the development of the synthetic route to 1. These investigations should prove valuable in the development of transannular cyclization as a strategy for synthetic simplification.

Goi mailako errugbi talde batean aurredenboraldiaren efektuak zineantropometria, gorputz osaera eta somatotipoan

Ikerketa lan honen helburu nagusia, Espainiako maila gorenean jokatzen aritzen den Getxo Errugbi taldeko jokalarien estruktura biotipologikoa eta somatotipoa aztertzea eta aurre-denboraldian zehar, hau da, 10 astetan zehar gorputz egituran jasandako aldaketak baloratzea izan da. Bestalde, aurrelarien eta atzelarien arteko desberdintasunak eta postuaren arabera aurre-denboraldiak duen eragina sumatzearen helburua ere izan du ikerketa honek. Horretarako, aurre-denboraldiaren hasieran, ekainaren 18an eta amaieran, abuztuaren 27an, elite mailako diren 30 jokalariren datu antropometrikoak neurtu izan ziren. Datu antropometrikoak altuera, pisua, larruazaleko tolesturak, hezur diametroak eta gorputz adarren perimetroak izan ziren. 30 jokalarien ekaineko batez besteko adina, esperientzia, altuera, pisua, gorputz masa indizea eta gantz ehunekoa hurrengokoak izan ziren hurrenez hurren; 25,7 ?? 5,7 urte, 14,3 ?? 6,1 urte, 181,5 ?? 6,8 cm, 91,2 ?? 17,7 kg, 27,6 ?? 4,6 GMI eta 13,48 ?? 3,66 gantz %. Metodologiari dagokionez, kirolari bakoitzaren somatotipoa Heath-Carter metodoaren bidez kalkulatua izan da eta gantz ehunekoa eta gantz masa 4 gunetako Jackson/Pollock gantz kalibre metodoaren bidez kalkulatu izan dira.

Multiwavelength observations of the black hole candidate 1E 1740.7-2942

Observations of the Galactic center region black hole candidate 1E 1740.7-2942 have been carried out using the Caltech Gamma-Ray Imaging Payload (GRIP), the Röntgensatellit (ROSAT) and the Very Large Array (VLA). These multiwavelength observations have helped to establish the association between a bright emitter of hard X-rays and soft γ-rays, the compact core of a double radio jet source, and the X-ray source, 1E 1740.7-2942. They have also provided information on the X-ray and hard X-ray spectrum.

The Galactic center region was observed by GRIP during balloon flights from Alice Springs, NT, Australia on 1988 April 12 and 1989 April 3. These observations revealed that 1E 1740.7-2942 was the strongest source of hard X-rays within ~10° of the Galactic center. The source spectrum from each flight is well fit by a single power law in the energy range 35-200 keV. The best-fit photon indices and 100 keV normalizations are: γ = (2.05 ± 0.15) and K_(100) = (8.5 ± 0.5) x 10^(-5) cm^(-2) s^(-1) keV^(-1) and γ = (2.2 ± 0.3) and K_(100) = (7.0 ± 0.7) x 10^(-5) cm^(-2) s^(-1) keV^(-1) for the 1988 and 1989 observations respectively. No flux above 200 keV was detected during either observation. These values are consistent with a constant spectrum and indicate that 1E 1740.7-2942 was in its normal hard X-ray emission state. A search on one hour time scales showed no evidence for variability.

The ROSAT HRI observed 1E 1740.7-2942 during the period 1991 March 20-24. An improved source location has been derived from this observation. The best fit coordinates (J2000) are: Right Ascension = 17^h43^m54^s.9, Declination = -29°44'45".3, with a 90% confidence error circle of radius 8".5. The PSPC observation was split between periods from 1992 September 28- October 4 and 1993 March 23-28. A thermal bremsstrahlung model fit to the data yields a column density of N_H = 1.12^(+1.51)_(0.18) x cm^(-2) , consistent with earlier X- ray measurements.

We observed the region of the Einstein IPC error circle for 1E 1740.7-2942 with the VLA at 1.5 and 4.9 GHz on 1989 March 2. The 4.9 GHz observation revealed two sources. Source 'A', which is the core of a double aligned radio jet source (Mirabel et al. 1992), lies within our ROSAT error circle, further strengthening its identification with 1E 1740.7-2942.

Searches for new symmetries in pp collisions with the razor kinematic variables at √s = 7 TeV

The construction and LHC phenomenology of the razor variables M_R, an event-by-event indicator of the heavy particle mass scale, and R, a dimensionless variable related to the transverse momentum imbalance of events and missing transverse energy, are presented.  The variables are used  in the analysis of the first proton-proton collisions dataset at CMS  (35 pb^-1) in a search for superpartners of the quarks and gluons, targeting indirect hints of dark matter candidates in the context of supersymmetric theoretical frameworks. The analysis produced the highest sensitivity results for SUSY to date and extended the LHC reach far beyond the previous Tevatron results.  A generalized inclusive search is subsequently presented for new heavy particle pairs produced in √s = 7 TeV proton-proton collisions at the LHC using 4.7±0.1 fb^-1 of integrated luminosity from the second LHC run of 2011.  The selected events are analyzed in the 2D razor-space of M_R and R and the analysis is performed in 12 tiers of all-hadronic, single and double leptons final states in the presence and absence of b-quarks, probing the third generation sector using the event heavy-flavor content.   The search is sensitive to generic supersymmetry models with minimal assumptions about the superpartner decay chains. No excess is observed in the number or shape of event yields relative to Standard Model predictions. Exclusion limits are derived in the CMSSM framework with  gluino masses up to 800 GeV and squark masses up to 1.35 TeV excluded at 95% confidence level, depending on the model parameters. The results are also interpreted for a collection of simplified models, in which gluinos are excluded with masses as large as 1.1 TeV, for small neutralino masses, and the first-two generation squarks, stops and sbottoms are excluded for masses up to about 800, 425 and 400 GeV, respectively.

With the discovery of a new boson by the CMS and ATLAS experiments in the γ-γ and 4 lepton final states, the identity of the putative Higgs candidate must be established through the measurements of its properties. The spin and quantum numbers are of particular importance, and we describe a method for measuring the J^PC of this particle using the observed signal events in the H to ZZ^* to 4 lepton channel developed before the discovery. Adaptations of the razor kinematic variables are introduced for the H to WW^* to 2 lepton/2 neutrino channel, improving the resonance mass resolution and increasing the discovery significance. The prospects for incorporating this channel in an examination of the new boson J^PC is discussed, with indications that this it could provide complementary information to the H to ZZ^* to 4 lepton final state, particularly for measuring CP-violation in these decays.