Stickleback F2 generation transgenerational plasticity experiment: egg and body size data

Nongenetic inheritance mechanisms such as transgenerational plasticity (TGP) can buffer populations against rapid environmental change such as ocean warming. Yet, little is known about how long these effects persist and whether they are cumulative over generations. Here, we tested for adaptive TGP in response to simulated ocean warming across parental and grandparental generations of marine sticklebacks. Grandparents were acclimated for two months during reproductive conditioning, whereas parents experienced developmental acclimation, allowing us to compare the fitness consequences of short-term vs. prolonged exposure to elevated temperature across multiple generations. We found that reproductive output of F1 adults was primarily determined by maternal developmental temperature, but carry-over effects from grandparental acclimation environments resulted in cumulative negative effects of elevated temperature on hatching success. In very early stages of growth, F2 offspring reached larger sizes in their respective paternal and grandparental environment down the paternal line, suggesting that other factors than just the paternal genome may be transferred between generations. In later growth stages, maternal and maternal granddam environments strongly influenced offspring body size, but in opposing directions, indicating that the mechanism(s) underlying the transfer of environmental information may have differed between acute and developmental acclimation experienced by the two generations. Taken together, our results suggest that the fitness consequences of parental and grandparental TGP are highly context dependent, but will play an important role in mediating some of the impacts of rapid climate change in this system.

Eolian mass-accumulation rates and grain size at DSDP Sites 86-576 and 86-578

The mass-accumulation rate and grain size of the total eolian component of North Pacific pelagic clays at Deep Sea Drilling Project Sites 576 and 578 have been used to evaluate changes in eolian sedimentation and the intensity of atmospheric circulation that have occurred during the past 70 m.y. Eolian deposition, an indicator of source area aridity, was low in the Paleocene, Eocene, and Oligocene, apparently reflecting the humid environments of that time as well as the lack of glacial erosion products. A general increase in eoiian accumulation in the Miocene apparently reflects the relative increase in global aridity during the latter part of the Cenozoic. A dramatic increase in eolian accumulation rates in the Pliocene reflects the increased aridity and availability of glacial erosion products associated with Northern Hemisphere glaciation 2.5 m.y. ago. Eolian grain size, an indicator of wind intensity, suggests that Late Cretaceous wind strength was comparable to present-day wind strength. A sharp decrease in eolian grain size across the Paleocene/Eocene boundary is not readily interpreted, but may indicate a significant reduction in the intensity of atmospheric circulation at that time. Fine eolian grain size and low accumulation rates in the Eocene and early Oligocene are in agreement with low early Tertiary thermal gradients and less vigorous atmospheric circulation. Large increases in grain size during the Oligocene, mid-to-late Miocene, and Pliocene appear to be a response to steepening thermal gradients resulting from increasing polar isolation.

(Table 2) Facies and grain-size description for Mississippi Fan sediments of DSDP Leg 96

Eight lithologic facies recognized in the Mississippi Fan sediments drilled during DSDP Leg 96 are defined on the basis of lithology, sedimentary structures, composition, and texture. Of these, the calcareous biogenic sediments are of minor importance, volumetrically, as compared with the dominant resedimented terrigenous facies. Clay, mud, and silt are the most abundant sediments at all the sites drilled, with some sand and gravel in the midfan channel fill and an abundance of sand on the lower fan. Facies distribution and vertical sequences reflect the importance of sediment type and supply in controlling fan development. Sea-level changes and diapiric activity have also played an important role. Clay and sand fraction mineralogy closely mirror the dominant sediment source, namely, the Mississippi River system and adjacent continental shelf. Local and regional variation in composition on the fan mostly reflects facies differences.

Mesocosm experiment on warming and acidification effects on phytoplankton composition and cell size

While the isolated responses of marine phytoplankton to climate warming and to ocean acidification have been studies intensively, studies on the combined effect of both aspects of Global Change are still scarce. Therefore, we performed a mesocosm experiment with a factorial combination of temperature (9 and 15°C) and pCO2 (560 ppm and 1400 ppm) with a natural autumn plankton community from the western Baltic Sea. Temporal trajectories of total biomass and of the biomass of the most important higher taxa followed similar patterns in all treatments. When averaging over the entire time course, phytoplankton biomass decreased with warming and increased with CO2 under warm conditions. The contribution of the two dominant higher phytoplankton taxa (diatoms and cryptophytes) and of the 4 most important species (3 diatoms, 1 cryptophyte) did not respond to the experimental treatments. Taxonomic composition of phytoplankton showed only responses at the level of subdominant and rare species. Phytoplankton cell sizes increased with CO2 addition and decreased with warming. Both effects were stronger for larger species. Warming effects were stronger than CO2 effects and tended to counteract each other. Phytoplankton communities without calcifying species and exposed to short-term variation of COO2 seem to be rather resistant to ocean acidification.

Beryllium-10, mineralogy and grain size distribution of DSDP Hole 68-502B (Table 1)

We present a high-resolution 10Be profile from deep sea sediments (sampled from Hole 502B in the Caribbean sea) that strongly resembles the 10Be record in ice core profiles, particularly the Vostok core from Antarctica. This high-resolution profile revealed occurrences of enhanced 10Be concentrations at about 23-24, 37-39 and 60-65 ka. The excellent match between these peaks appearing in a georeservoir profile other than in polar ice, strengthens the implications that can be inferred from 10Be and provide global markers for chronological correlation of climatic events. The position at low latitude of the studied sediment section is, unlike the case with the high latitude polar regions, excellent for exposing causes of modulation in 10Be production. We interpret the source of the pattern and enhancements, particularly the 37-39 ka peak, of 10Be to be global and do not strictly relate to climatic conditions and/or production rates specific to the polar regions.

Distribution of calcareous nannofossils in the Miocene interval of DSDP Hole 94-608 in the north Atlantic (Fig. 1)

DSDP North Atlantic Site 608 yielded an excellent Miocene pelagic section which affords a further opportunity for elucidating the chronology of the calcareous nannofossil succession in the framework of magnetostratigraphic control. Most of the conventional (zonal) markers have been documented for this site and some of the earlier results are confirmed and refined. In addition several unconventional and less known markers have been added. The first two are the highest (last) occurrence of Sphenolithus delphix and Sphenolithus capricornutus at 23.6 Ma, which is immediately above the Oligocene-Miocene boundary as identified by the last occurrence of Reticulofenestra bisecta at 23.7 Ma. The next unconventional datum is the highest (last) occurrence of Ilselithina fusa at 22.8 Ma, which is also the highest (last) occurrence of Helicosphaera recta. Calcidiscus tropicus' lowest (first) occurrence is at 19.5 Ma, which is also the lowest occurrence of Sphenolithus belemnos, and Calcidiscus leptoporus' lowest (first) occurrence coincides with that of Sphenolithus heteromorphus at 18.5 Ma. Sphenolithus dissimilis' highest (last) occurrence is at 18.2 Ma and the Calcidiscus premacintyrei lowest (first) and highest (last) occurrences are, respectively, at 17.7 and 11.7 Ma. Discoaster braarudii occurs from 11.6 to 11.3 Ma and its highest (last) occurrence corresponds to that of Cyclicargolithus floridanus. Minylitha convallis occurs from 9.0 to 6.9 Ma. Within the range of Minylitha, at 8.0 Ma, a major shift occurs in reticulofenestrid placoliths from dominantly large (Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus) and medium size (Reticulofenestra minutula) species below to significant numbers of very small species (Dictyococcites productus and Gephyrocapsa) above. This is interpreted to be a major, though perhaps seasonal, change of productivity of the North Atlantic at Site 608. A new genus and species Cryptococcolithus takayamae, is described and a variety, Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus var. amplus is identified.

The Inter-American Foundation and the small and micro-enterprise sector /

Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-71).

Interaction of waves and currents /

This report presents an overview of wave-current interacion, including comprehensive review of references to significant U.S. and foreign literature available through December 1981. Specific topics under review are the effects of horizontally and vertically varying currents on waves, wave refraction by currents, dissipation and turbulence, small- and medium-scale currents, caustics and focusing, and wave breaking. The results of the review are then examined for engineering applications. The most appropriate general-purpose computer program to include wave-current interaction is the Dutch Rijkswaterstaat program CREDIZ, which is based on a parabolic wave equation. Further applications include wave and current forces on structures and possibly sediment transport. The report concludes with a brief state-of-the-art review of wave-current interaction and a list of topics needing further research and development.

Empirical crash injury modeling and vehicle-size mix. Technical report.

Mode of access: Internet.

Location of manufacturing plants by industry, county, and employment size: 1954. Based on a special tabulation of the 1954 census of manufacturers.

pt. 1. Food and kindred products; tobacco manufactures.--pt. 2. Textile mill products; apparel and related products; leather and leather goods.--pt. 3. Lumber and wood products; furniture and fixtures.--pt. 4. Pulp, paper, and products; printing and publishing.--pt. 5. Chemical and products: petroleum and coal products; rubber products.--pt. 6. Stone, clay, and glass products; miscellaneous manufactures.--pt. 7. Primary metal industries; fabricated metal products.--pt. 8. Machinery, except electrical; electrical machinery.--pt. 9. Transportation equipment; instruments and related products.

A practical treatise upon angling with small and great rode : shewing the different flies, and baits through the various seasons of the year : to which is adjoined fishing in ponds /

In the photocopy, some leaves show two pages of the original.

Adobe days; being the truthful narrative of the events in the life of a California girl on a sheep ranch and in El pueblo de Nuestra Señora de los Angeles while it was yet a small and humble town; together with an account of how three young men from Maine in eighteen hundred and fifty-three drove sheep and cattle across the plains, mountains and deserts from Illinois to the Pacific coast; and the strange prophecy of Admiral Thatcher about San Pedro harbor,

Mode of access: Internet.

The practical cook, English and foreign : containing a great variety of old receipts, improved and re-modelled, and many original receipts in English, French, German, Russian, Spanish, Polish, Dutch, American, Swiss, and Indian cookery ; with copious directions for the choice of all provisions, the laying out a table, giving small and large dinners, and the management of a cellar /

Includes index.