892 resultados para revisão
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A crioterapia é prática comum na medicina esportiva, pela praticidade, facilidade de acesso e baixo custo, possuindo vantajoso uso na Saúde Pública. No entanto, os efeitos analgésicos do gelo tem pouca base objetiva e sistematizada em termos de técnicas, duração e frequência. O objetivo deste estudo foi sintetizar através da revisão sistemática (RS) as evidências relativas à efetividade da crioterapia para o tratamento das entorses de tornozelo de atletas. A RS é um método de pesquisa observacional e retrospectivo, pelo qual se tratam artigos, preferencialmente Ensaios Clínicos Aleatórios – ECA, como sujeitos da investigação, com rigorosos critérios de inclusão e exclusão e, quando possível, realiza-se uma macro estatística dos resultados – metaanálise. No presente RS, foram consultados cinco bancos de dados - Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Lilacs e PEDro para buscar ECA sobre crioterapia com os desfechos dor, edema, rigidez e função. Resultados: 289 estudos foram identificados inicialmente, dos quais nove com tratamentos isolados ou associados à crioterapia, porém apenas um preencheu aos critérios de inclusão, cujo N era 121 atletas, dos quais 64 receberam a crioterapia (funcional) e 57 no grupo controle (imobilização). Maior probabilidade para o evento dor foi observada no grupo controle, após 3 e 12 meses. A RS revelou uma lacuna em ECA dentro do tema, mas não encontrou efeito adverso na prática da crioterapia, sendo um princípio analgésico importante, sobretudo em lesões de tecidos moles.
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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz
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Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Superior de Ciências da Saúde Egas Moniz
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Poster apresentado no XXIV Congresso da Ordem dos Médicos Dentistas, 12-14 Novembro 2015, Lisboa.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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Mode of access: Internet.
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O Presente projeto de mestrado apresenta uma proposta de dissertação que visa resgatar/registrar uma parte das da história da eleição do General de Exército João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo. O Objetivo central desse trabalho é fazer uma revisão bibliográfica de parte da história da eleição presidencial ocorrida em 1978, buscando traçar uma relação das ações e as estratégicas pensadas e utilizadas na época na qual influenciaram outras eleições pós período eleitoral de 1978 e que já faziam parte da gama de ferramentas utilizadas pelos candidatos aos cargos de presidente do brasil.
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Bromeliads are an important microhabitat for the herpetofauna, for being widely used as refuge from predators and their leaf architecture allows humidity maintenance and relatively constant temperature inside, setting a favorable environment for amphibians and reptiles, especially in areas under hydric stress. However, studies addressing this relationship are still incipient and more concentrated in fitotelmatas bromeliad. For non-fitotelmatas rupicolous bromeliads of the gender Encholirium, which develops into rocky outcrops and contains species of semi-arid regions such as the Caatinga, animal-plant relationships are almost unknown. In this context, this study aimed to know the herpetological fauna inhabitant of macambiras bromeliads, Encholirium spectabile, analyzing occupation and use of these bromeliads by different taxa, and the behavioral ecology of the lizard Psychosaura agmosticha, seeking to identify factors associated with this strict relationship in Caatinga. An extensive review of the world literature on the subject “lizards in bromeliads” subsidized this study from the ecological perspective of this association. The field work was carried out at Fazenda Tanques, municipality of Santa Maria / RN, mesoregion of Agreste Potiguar. The observations and/or data collection in daytime and in the evening was conducted monthly during three consecutive days, from January 2011 to August 2012, totaling 450 hour.man of sampling effort. Sixteen species were registered: six lizards (Mabuyidae, Tropiduridae, Gekkonidae and Phyllodactylidae Families), six snakes (Boidae and Dipsadidae Families) and four of amphibians of Hylidae Family. The effect of the forest edge on the distribution of species along the outcrop was significant, with most species found in outcrop edges. Significant difference was found between some pairs of species concerning use of bromeliads, and almost total niche overlap in the use of microhabitat. 62.5% of the species are nocturnal and use these plants for sheltering, breeding and feeding. Regarding the relations between 4 the lizard Psychosaura agmosticha and macambiras bromeliads, behaviors of thermoregulation and foraging in the dry and wet seasons were recorded. Activity periods were concentrated between 7 and 10 am and between 3 and 5 pm in both seasons, showing a clear bimodal pattern. The species basically used the green leaves and there were no significant differences between males and females in the use of bromeliads. Positive associations were found between body temperature and temperatures of bromeliads and air. This species spent 1.95% ± 3.8 of the time moving (PTM) and moved on average 0:36 ± 2.1 seconds per minute (MPM), with significant differences between the wet and dry to PTM, and between the average time of stop and average duration of movements, being considered a sedentary forager. Psychosaura agmosticha, in the study area, is bromelicolous and uses macambiras primarily for thermoregulation and foraging. The results of this study elevate the rupicolous bromeliads Encholirium spectabile as key elements for the maintenance of amphibians and reptiles associated with it, and a clear advantageous association for the conservation of the groups involved.
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Background: stroke causes long-term impairments, limitation of activities and restriction in participation in daily life situations, especially for upper limb impairment (UL). Action Observation (AO) has been used for the rehabilitation of UL in these patients. It's a multisensory therapy which consists in observing a healthy subject performing a motor task, followed by physical practice. Objectives: assess whether the AO improves motor function of UL and dependence for activities of daily living (ADLs) of stroke patients or cause any adverse effects. Search methods: a search strategy was words and terms used for the identification of articles, in the following scientific basis Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; MEDLINE; PsycINFO; CINAHL and LILACS. In addition to manual search of the references of articles and search for theses and dissertations in Portal Capes and LILACS. The identification of the studies was conducted from October to December 2015, being the last search on December 3. Selection criteria: randomised controlled trials (RCT) involving adults with stroke who had deficits in upper limb function and used AO as an intervention. Data collection and analysis: the data extracted from the studies were used to analyze the risk of bias, the effect of the treatment and the quality of the body of evidence. Main results: 6 studies were included, totaling 270 patients. The primary outcome analyzed was the motor function of MS. Were combined in meta-analyzes studies comparing AO versus placebo or an active control, considering the immediate and long-term effect (n=241). Regarding the motor function of the arm (5 trials), the estimated effect for the therapy was not significant. However, when considering the hand function estimating the effect was favorable to the group that conducted the AO, in short (mean difference = 6.93, 95% CI 1.48 to 12.39; P = 0.01) and long-term (mean difference = 7.57; 95% CI 1.34 the 13.80; p = 0.02). Unable to perform the analysis for functional dependency. The studies showed a low or uncertain risk of bias, but the quality of evidence the body was considered low and very low quality. Authors’ conclusions: AO was effective in improving hand function of stroke patients. Despite the low quality evidence that the use of OA in clinical practice should not be discouraged. RCT new studies should be conducted with greater methodological rigor and larger samples, covering important outcomes such as functional dependence for ADLs.
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The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the effectiveness of topical treatments to minimize post-radiotherapy xerostomia. PubMed, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) and LILACS databases were searched without restriction on date or language until the 6thAugust, 2015. Key-wordsused for searching were radiotherapy, xerostomia and saliva. Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts, carried out data extraction and assessed risk of bias. The first search identified 429 articles. From these, 117 studies were selected for full-text reading, from which 18 were included in the qualitative synthesis. From the eighteen articles included, seven were non- controlled clinical trial, one article was controlled clinical trial and ten studies were randomized clinical trials (three clinical trials were placebo controlled and seven were crossover). By the assessment of the quality of the studies included, ten showed high risk of bias, four showed moderate risk of bias and four presented low risk of bias. All interventions were considered effective in treating xerostomia (mucin, polysaccharides, aloe vera, rape oil, linseed oil, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene oxide, pilocarpine and systems of care for xerostomia - gel, paste and mouthwash). Meta-analysis could not be performed due to heterogeneity between thestudiesand interventions. This systematic review showed that a single and general protocol for topical treatment of xerostomia post-radiotherapy does not exist and that follow-up visits should be performed to validate the individualized treatment plan.
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This dissertation analyzed the existing work on travestility and transsexuality whose problematic research focused on issues related to health and / or health services. For this purpose, a Literature Review Systematized Descriptive in virtual databases was performed: Bank of Higher Education Personnel Improvement Coordination Thesis (CAPES), Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD), Scielo and PubMed, between the years 1997 and 2014 in Brazil. We used the search terms "transsexual," "transvestite" and "transgender", each associated with the search term "health", in Portuguese and English. Complementing this search, we used the Documentary Analysis methodology to assess pamphlets productions, institutional documents and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), which were incorporated into the discussion. 295 papers were identified, among theses, dissertations and scientific articles. Of these, 223 were excluded and 72 selected for analysis. Thus, it obtained five theses and dissertations 21 on the topic of travestility and 7 theses and dissertations 9 that deal with transsexuality. Among the selected papers, 16 deal with transsexuality and health, 5 address the issue of travestility and health and work, 9 refer to the term "transgender" and "health". Even though it is an emerging field of research, there is an apparent deviation of the speech, previously anchored in questions whose topics are related to confrontation, infection or illness by HIV / AIDS (level of specialized care) for discussions on the health care for transsexuals in the process (level of specialized care). Still, few papers have specific trans attention in primary care associated with a comprehensive health care, with the empowerment of individuals, respecting the power of life, which are configured as important issues for the Public Policy on Health today.
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Contextualização: Dada a prevalência de disfunções no ombro, os registos de avaliação segundo a perspetiva do utente constituem ferramentas úteis na seleção das estratégias de intervenção. A escolha do instrumento adequado deve-se basear em grande parte na força das suas propriedades psicométricas, contudo não existem estudos que analisem sistematicamente a qualidade destas medidas. Objetivo: Análise de estudos referente às propriedades psicométricas de instrumentos de autorresposta na funcionalidade do ombro. Metodologia: Revisão da literatura em inglês/português, nas bases de dados: PubMed, PEDro, Google Académico, B-On e RCAAP. Foram analisados estudos realizados até 2015. A qualidade metodológica e as propriedades psicométricas foram avaliadas e resumidas através de dois critérios padronizados, seguindo a ideologia COSMIN. Resultados: Nesta revisão foram incluídos 6 estudos. O Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand (DASH) e o Neck and Upper Limb Index (NULI-20) demonstram boas propriedades psicométricas e uma metodologia de fraca a excelente; o Shoulder Pain And Disability Index (SPADI) e o Weelchair User’s Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI) exibem boas propriedades psicométricas e qualidade metodológica fraca; tanto no Shoulder Rating Questionnaire (SRQ-PT) como no Upper Extremity Functional Index (UEFI) não foram avaliadas propriedades psicométricas relevantes, contudo as analisadas apresentam boas propriedades psicométricas e uma metodologia fraca. Conclusão: Devido às falhas na metodologia dos estudos incluídos, não é possível inferir qual o questionário mais apropriado à prática clínica. São necessários mais estudos de validação de instrumentos de autorresposta com melhor qualidade metodológica.
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O trabalho apresentado prende-se na necessidade de criação de Core Sets específicos para Crianças e Jovens, sendo que o objetivo deste representa a proposta de criação do mesmo, direcionado para a população infantojuvenil com Obesidade. Deste modo, desenvolveu-se uma Revisão Sistemática, parte integrante da 1ª fase da criação de um Core Set (CS). Para este efeito, foram recolhidos 570 artigos das bases de dadosMEDLINE/PubMed, ScienceDirect, b-on, PEDro, PROSPERO, dos quais 187 representam a amostra final de estudos incluídos, na qual a faixa etária da população está compreendida entre os 2 e os 19 anos, com Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC)≥ao percentil de 95 para a idade e género, publicados em Inglês no máximo há 10 anos. Dos 187 artigos, foram levantadas 1856 necessidades, das quais se ligaram 963 conceitos àClassificação Internacional da Funcionalidade e Incapacidade de Crianças e Jovens (CIF-CJ), identificando-se desta forma 109 categorias. Destas obteve-se 11,92% de categorias com saturação no domínio das Funções e Estruturas; 6,42% nas Atividades e Participação e 8,26% nos Fatores Contextuais, o que se traduz no total de 29 categorias possíveis de integração num futuroCS.