Análise experimental do consumo de um veículo flex operando com diferentes misturas de gasolina/etanol em tráfego urbano

This study is an analysis, on a trial basis, the fuel consumption of a Flex vehicle, operating with different mixtures of gasoline and ethanol in urban traffic, allowing more consistent results with the reality of the driver. Considering that most owners unaware of the possibility of mixing the fuel at the time of supply, thus enabling the choice of the most economically viable mixing gasoline / ethanol, resulting in lower costs and possibly a decrease in pollutant emission rates. Currently, there is a myth created by the people that supply ethanol only becomes viable if the value of not more than 70% of regular gasoline. However vehicles with this technology make it possible to operate with any percentage of mixture in the fuel tank, but today many of the owners of these vehicles do not use this feature effectively, because they ignore the possibility of mixing or the reason there is a deeper study regarding the optimal percentage of the mixture to provide a higher yield with a lower cost than proposed by the manufacturers.

Análise experimental do consumo de um veículo flex operando com diferentes misturas de gasolina/etanol em tráfego urbano

This study is an analysis, on a trial basis, the fuel consumption of a Flex vehicle, operating with different mixtures of gasoline and ethanol in urban traffic, allowing more consistent results with the reality of the driver. Considering that most owners unaware of the possibility of mixing the fuel at the time of supply, thus enabling the choice of the most economically viable mixing gasoline / ethanol, resulting in lower costs and possibly a decrease in pollutant emission rates. Currently, there is a myth created by the people that supply ethanol only becomes viable if the value of not more than 70% of regular gasoline. However vehicles with this technology make it possible to operate with any percentage of mixture in the fuel tank, but today many of the owners of these vehicles do not use this feature effectively, because they ignore the possibility of mixing or the reason there is a deeper study regarding the optimal percentage of the mixture to provide a higher yield with a lower cost than proposed by the manufacturers.

Eficiência e razão de hedge: uma análise dos mercados futuro brasileiros de boi, café, etanol, milho e soja

This research aims to investigate the Hedge Efficiency and Optimal Hedge Ratio for the future market of cattle, coffee, ethanol, corn and soybean. This paper uses the Optimal Hedge Ratio and Hedge Effectiveness through multivariate GARCH models with error correction, attempting to the possible phenomenon of Optimal Hedge Ratio differential during the crop and intercrop period. The Optimal Hedge Ratio must be bigger in the intercrop period due to the uncertainty related to a possible supply shock (LAZZARINI, 2010). Among the future contracts studied in this research, the coffee, ethanol and soybean contracts were not object of this phenomenon investigation, yet. Furthermore, the corn and ethanol contracts were not object of researches which deal with Dynamic Hedging Strategy. This paper distinguishes itself for including the GARCH model with error correction, which it was never considered when the possible Optimal Hedge Ratio differential during the crop and intercrop period were investigated. The commodities quotation were used as future price in the market future of BM&FBOVESPA and as spot market, the CEPEA index, in the period from May 2010 to June 2013 to cattle, coffee, ethanol and corn, and to August 2012 to soybean, with daily frequency. Similar results were achieved for all the commodities. There is a long term relationship among the spot market and future market, bicausality and the spot market and future market of cattle, coffee, ethanol and corn, and unicausality of the future price of soybean on spot price. The Optimal Hedge Ratio was estimated from three different strategies: linear regression by MQO, BEKK-GARCH diagonal model, and BEKK-GARCH diagonal with intercrop dummy. The MQO regression model, pointed out the Hedge inefficiency, taking into consideration that the Optimal Hedge presented was too low. The second model represents the strategy of dynamic hedge, which collected time variations in the Optimal Hedge. The last Hedge strategy did not detect Optimal Hedge Ratio differential between the crop and intercrop period, therefore, unlikely what they expected, the investor do not need increase his/her investment in the future market during the intercrop

El control y la resistencia en los procesos de trabajo: El caso de una empresa del sector forestal celulósico en Uruguay

Tradicionalmente, la cuestión de la resistencia ha recibido escasa atención académica, tal vez porque las manifestaciones colectivas, organizadas y públicas de protesta han sido poco frecuentes entre los trabajadores rurales del campo uruguayo. Lo que se propone aquí es introducir una nueva mirada en torno a las resistencias, que permita dar cuenta de los canales por los cuales se expresan las tensiones consustanciales al trabajo. Para esto se partió de una mirada relacional sobre las resistencias, entendidas en una permanente y conflictiva relación con las estrategias empresariales de control que se configuran en los procesos de trabajo. Dicho tema general fue abordado en el caso particular de los trabajadores de la fase agraria de la cadena forestal - celulósica en Uruguay.

Eficiência e razão de hedge: uma análise dos mercados futuro brasileiros de boi, café, etanol, milho e soja

This research aims to investigate the Hedge Efficiency and Optimal Hedge Ratio for the future market of cattle, coffee, ethanol, corn and soybean. This paper uses the Optimal Hedge Ratio and Hedge Effectiveness through multivariate GARCH models with error correction, attempting to the possible phenomenon of Optimal Hedge Ratio differential during the crop and intercrop period. The Optimal Hedge Ratio must be bigger in the intercrop period due to the uncertainty related to a possible supply shock (LAZZARINI, 2010). Among the future contracts studied in this research, the coffee, ethanol and soybean contracts were not object of this phenomenon investigation, yet. Furthermore, the corn and ethanol contracts were not object of researches which deal with Dynamic Hedging Strategy. This paper distinguishes itself for including the GARCH model with error correction, which it was never considered when the possible Optimal Hedge Ratio differential during the crop and intercrop period were investigated. The commodities quotation were used as future price in the market future of BM&FBOVESPA and as spot market, the CEPEA index, in the period from May 2010 to June 2013 to cattle, coffee, ethanol and corn, and to August 2012 to soybean, with daily frequency. Similar results were achieved for all the commodities. There is a long term relationship among the spot market and future market, bicausality and the spot market and future market of cattle, coffee, ethanol and corn, and unicausality of the future price of soybean on spot price. The Optimal Hedge Ratio was estimated from three different strategies: linear regression by MQO, BEKK-GARCH diagonal model, and BEKK-GARCH diagonal with intercrop dummy. The MQO regression model, pointed out the Hedge inefficiency, taking into consideration that the Optimal Hedge presented was too low. The second model represents the strategy of dynamic hedge, which collected time variations in the Optimal Hedge. The last Hedge strategy did not detect Optimal Hedge Ratio differential between the crop and intercrop period, therefore, unlikely what they expected, the investor do not need increase his/her investment in the future market during the intercrop

Etanol dá em árvore? pode dar. Pesquisas buscam aprimorar processos para obter o biocombustível de espécies florestais.

2015

Financiarización, cadenas globales de valor e inversión extranjera en la producción de etanol en Brasil a partir de la liberalización de la agroindustria: una interpretación marxista del período de 1990 a 2010

La temática abordada en esta tesis es la participación del capital extranjero en la producción de etanol (alcohol carburante) en Brasil. El recorte temporal elegido parte del inicio de la implementación abierta del recetario neoliberal en el país, para terminar en el 2010, momento en que los impactos más profundos de la crisis global empezaron a sentirse en el gigante sudamericano. El etanol de caña de azúcar se encuentra en el cruce de varias dimensiones críticas para las formaciones sociales contemporáneas. Por un lado, es un bien energético, en un contexto mundial de gran volatilidad del suministro de combustibles líquidos de origen fósil. Como tal, además, se presenta como alternativa más limpia en términos medioambientales, respecto a los derivados de petróleo. Por fin, su origen agrario le pone en relación directa con la cuestión del uso de la tierra, preocupaciones por la soberanía alimentaria y el empleo rural. La liberalización supuso una ruptura histórica del patrón de actuación del Estado en la agroindustria de caña de azúcar en Brasil. Esa retracción supuso el consiguiente ímpetu para la centralización de capitales, y, a partir del establecimiento de una larga coyuntura de elevación de precios del petróleo, implicó una entrada inédita de capital extranjero en esa actividad. La perspectiva que adoptamos para la investigación se inscribe en la tradición sistémica, dialéctica e histórica. Eso implicó reconstruir un marco holístico que llegara al nivel de concreción de cadenas productivas. Se han reinterpretado los avances teóricos en el campo conocido como “cadenas productivas globales”, rescatando su origen en la escuela de los sistemas-mundo, y volviendo a reforzar la centralidad de seguir el valor a lo largo de una cadena productiva mercantil: los flujos de valor o las transacciones entre sus nodos componentes, y el movimiento del valor-capital, o de concentración, centralización y formas de propiedad de los capitales individuales que componen los distintos nodos desde la financiación hasta el consumo final de este carburante...

Atributos de qualidade de caquis ?Rama Forte? armazenados em AM e destanizados com etanol e CO2.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação dos atributos de qualidade do caqui ?Rama Forte? armazenados em atmosfera modificada (AM) e posteriormente destanizados com etanol ou dióxido de carbono (CO2). Caquis ?Rama Forte? foram colhidos em 18/04/2016, selecionados e armazenados a 1°C durante 30 dias.