Pulse-shaping assisted multidimensional coherent electronic spectroscopy

Understanding nuclear and electronic dynamics of molecular systems has advanced considerably by probing their nonlinear responses with a suitable sequence of pulses. Moreover, the ability to control crucial parameters of the excitation pulses, such as duration, sequence, frequency, polarization, slowly varying envelope, or carrier phase, has led to a variety of advanced time-resolved spectroscopic methodologies. Recently, two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy with ultrashort pulses has become a more and more popular tool since it allows to obtain information on energy and coherence transfer phenomena, line broadening mechanisms, or the presence of quantum coherences in molecular complexes. Here, we present a high fidelity two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy setup designed for molecular systems in solution. It incorporates the versatility of pulse-shaping methods to achieve full control on the amplitude and phase of the individual exciting and probing pulses. Selective and precise amplitude- and phase-modulation is shown and applied to investigate electronic dynamics in several reference molecular systems.

An die Urwähler und Wähler Berlins! (Aus der Deutschen Reform): Es giebt Augenblicke im Leben der Nationen, wo die Pulse höher schlagen ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Die Märzrevolution ist weit über ihr Ziel hinausgegangen und die Oktroyierung einer Verfassung war notwendig, um die wirtschaftliche Zerrüttung des Landes zum Stillstand zu bringen. Allein Berlin hat der Streit um eine Verfassung 40 - 50 Millionen Taler gekostet. Die bevorstehenden Wahlen bieten die Chance, die erhebliche Unterrepräsentation der Vertreter gewerblicher Interessen, wie sie in der Nationalversammlung bestand, zu beenden. Aufruf an die Freunde der konstitutionellen Monarchie, nicht den 'Wühlern' und 'Anarchisten' das Feld zu überlassen

Identification and characterization of distinct classes of cAMP-pulse-induced genes in Dictyostelium discoideum development

The unicellular amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum embarks on a developmental program upon starvation. During development, extracellular oscillatory cAMP signaling orchestrates the chemotaxis-mediated aggregation of ∼105 amoebae and is required for optimal induction of so-called pulse-induced genes. This requirement for pulsatile CAMP reflects adaptation of the cAMP-receptor-mediated pathways that regulate these genes. Through examination of a collection of pulse-induced genes, we defined two distinct gene classes based on their induction kinetics and the impact of mutations that impair PKA signaling. The first class (represented by D2 and prtA) is highly dependent on PKA signaling, whereas the second class (represented by carA, gpaB, and acaA) is not. Analysis of expression kinetics revealed that these classes are sequentially expressed with the PKA-independent genes peaking in expression before the PKA-dependent class. Experiments with cycloheximide, an inhibitor of translation, demonstrated that the pulse induction of both classes depends on new protein synthesis early in development. carA and gpaB also exhibit pulse-independent, starvation-induced expression which, unlike their pulse induction, was found to be insensitive to cycloheximide added at the outset of starvation. This result indicates that the mechanism of starvation induction pre-exists in growing cells and is distinct from the pulse induction mechanism for these genes. In order to identify cis-acting elements that are critical for induction of carA, we constructed a GFP reporter controlled by a 914-base-pair portion of its promoter and verified that its expression was PKA-independent, pulse-inducible, and developmentally regulated like the endogenous carA gene. By a combination of truncation, internal deletion, and site-directed mutation, we defined several distinct functional elements within the carA promoter, including a 39-bp region required for pulse induction between base pairs -321 and -282 (relative to the transcription start site), a 131-bp region proximal to the start site that is sufficient for starvation induction, and two separate enhancer domains. Identification of factors that interact with these promoter elements and genetic approaches exploiting the GFP reporter described here should help complete our understanding of the mechanisms regulating these genes, including adaptation mechanisms that likely also govern chemotaxis of Dictyostelium and mammalian cells. ^

Concentrations of labile dissolved forms of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cu in waters of the Kara Sea and Ob and Yenisey estuaries

Concentrations of labile dissolved forms of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cu in waters of the Kara Sea and Ob and Yenisey estuaries measured on board during Cruise 49 of R/V Dmitry Mendeleev.

The distribution of zinc, cadmium, copper and iron in seawater of the Iceland-Faroe Ridge area

During the International ICES Expedition "Overflow '73" a total of 174 samples from 18 stations were collected by R. V. "Meteor" in the waters of the Iceland-Faroe Ridge area. They were filtered on board ship (through 0.4 mym "Nuclepore" filters), then stored in 500 cm**3 quartz bottles (at -20 °C) and analyzed in air-filtered laboratories on land for zinc and cadmium by means of the differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry technique and copper and iron by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. The overall averages of 1.9 myg Zn l**-1, 0.07 myg Cd l**-1, 0.5 myg Cu l**-1 and 0.9 myg Fe l**-1 are in good agreement with recent "baseline" studies of open-ocean waters. The mixture of low salinity water masses from the North Iceland Shelf/Arctic Intermediate Waters seem to maintain distinctly lower concentration of Cd, Cu and Fe than the waters from the North Atlantic and the Norwegian Sea where quite similar mean values are found. There is only little evidence for the assumption that overflow events on the ridge are influencing the concentrations of dissolved metals in the near-bottom layers.

La tríada social en Poman [Catamarca] : Valorización diferencial entre actores locales y trabajadores migrantes

La expansión de la frontera agropecuaria y el impulso de la olivicultura empresarial en el Departamento Pomán (Catamarca) desarrollada a partir de la década del noventa (favorecida por la Ley Nacional de Desarrollo Económico, Ley N°22021), ha generado concentración de la demanda de fuerza de trabajo, estimulando una intensa movilidad estacional de la población migrante transitoria desde la región y el país. Estas nuevas dinámicas socio-espaciales, ponen en evidencia contradicciones, complementariedades y cooperaciones entre el sistema de objeto y el sistema de acciones, impactando en el territorio mediante la ocupación y apropiación del lugar. De allí la necesidad de identificar los actores del sector público, privado, de la ciudadanía y trabajadores migrantes que intervienen en este singular proceso político, económico y social vigente en Pomán. La conformación de esta tríada social (procesos, lugares y actores), como propuesta teórico-metodológica, nos permite analizar, desde un plano micro, la confrontación de diversos actores (sector público, privado y trabajadores migrantes) con necesidades, identidades, significaciones y expectativas diversas, frente al fenómeno migratorio estacional. La demanda y oferta de mano de obra, favoreció la constitución de territorios migratorios, en donde se destacan importantes cambios vinculados a los aspectos morfológicos locales y en las necesidades de legitimar socialmente esta nueva materialidad, cargada de sentidos contradictorios. Desde este contexto se pueden observar las disputas, tensiones y nuevos arreglos que operan de manera novedosa en los procesos políticos, económicos y sociales a partir de los resultados de las acciones de los distintos actores en ese territorio. Queda de manifiesto la necesidad de participación de la comunidad mediante un triple proceso de construcción de sujetos, proyectos y territorios que tiendan hacia una transformación con inteligencia territorial