992 resultados para Zero Length Column
Resumo:
Effective cavity length method is introduced to vertical cavity surface emitting laser for characterizing some properties, including reflectivity FWHM, mode wavelength and threshold gain. Some experiment results are demonstrated, showing the agreement of theoretical analysis with experiment.
Resumo:
A zero-pole cancellation transimpedance amplifier (TIA) has been realized in 0.35 μm RF CMOS tech nology for Gigabit Ethernet applications. The TIA exploits a zero-pole cancellation configuration to isolate the input parasitic capacitance including photodiode capacitance from bandwidth deterioration. Simulation results show that the proposed TIA has a bandwidth of 1.9 GHz and a transimpedance gain of 65 dB·Ω for 1.5 pF photodiode capaci tance, with a gain-bandwidth product of 3.4 THz·Ω. Even with 2 pF photodiode capacitance, the bandwidth exhibits a decline of only 300 MHz, confirming the mechanism of the zero-pole cancellation configuration. The input resis tance is 50 Ω, and the average input noise current spectral density is 9.7 pA/(Hz)~(1/2). Testing results shows that the eye diagram at 1 Gb/s is wide open. The chip dissipates 17 mW under a single 3.3 V supply.
Resumo:
砷是毒性最强的元素之一,水体中砷的污染己经引起人们广泛的关注。我国的新疆、内蒙、山西和台湾等省和地区地下水砷含量严重超标。全球共有5,000多万人遭受高砷饮用水的威胁,其中中国有1,500多万,是饮用水砷污染最严重的国家之一。WHO推荐饮用水砷的最高允许浓度从原来的50 µg•L-1已降至10 µg•L-1。更为严格的砷卫生标准的颁布,对作为饮用水源的地下水中的砷去除工艺提出了更高的要求。吸附法除砷比膜法、混凝法和离子交换法更安全、简便,是砷去除工艺中最有效的方法之一。 首先,本研究通过优化制备条件(包括炭种类的选择、炭的粒径大小、还原剂的浓度及滴定速率、反应温度、铁盐的种类及浓度、分散剂的比例及浓度),制备了负载型纳米铁。考虑到砷的去除效率、工程应用的可行性以及经济性,最优的制备条件如下:选用粒径为20~40目煤质炭,在室温、一定的分散剂比例及浓度,0.2 M KBH4滴速为20 d•min-1时所制备的Fe/炭为82.0 mg•g-1;纳米铁在活性炭孔内呈针状,其直径为30~500 nm,长度为1,000~2,000 nm。绝大多数的铁都负载到活性炭内部,这在处理水时铁不流失很重要。 其次,利用制备的负载型纳米铁作吸附载体,进行了饮用水中As(Ⅴ)的吸附去除实验。研究了该吸附剂对As(Ⅴ)的吸附等温线、动力学以及影响动力学的各种因素(包括As(Ⅴ)的不同初始浓度、吸附剂用量、pH值、共存离子和不同温度)、pH值、共存离子等环境条件对As(Ⅴ)去除的影响;以及吸附剂的再生及再生后的吸附效率等。研究发现在前12 h内吸附较快,72 h时达到了平衡。用Langmuir 吸附等温式估算出As(Ⅴ)的吸附量为12.0 mg•g-1。该吸附剂在pH 6.5, (25±2)℃, As(Ⅴ)初始浓度为2 mg•L-1,吸附剂用量为1.0 g•L-1时,As(Ⅴ)的去除率为75.2%;当把吸附剂的用量增加到1.5 g•L-1时,As(Ⅴ)的去除率可达99.9%以上。吸附剂可以用0.1M的NaOH浸泡12 h后即可再生,再生效率较高。常见的阴离子中PO43-、SiO32-对As(Ⅲ)的去除抑制较大,而SO42-、CO32-、C2O42-等离子对砷的去除影响较小。Fe2+对As(Ⅲ)的吸附抑制作用较大而其它阳离子影响不大。吸附剂可用0.1 M NaOH 有效再生,并且具有良好的机械性能。实验室初步实验数据表明,该吸附剂对饮用水除砷具有较好的应用前景。 第三,利用实验室制备的负载型纳米铁对饮用水中As(Ⅲ)的吸附去除也进行了研究。考察了吸附等温线、动力学以及影响动力学的各种因素、pH值、共存离子等环境条件对As(Ⅲ)去除的影响;以及吸附剂的再生及再生后的吸附效率等。研究发现,该吸附剂在pH 6.5, (25±2)℃, As(Ⅲ)初始浓度为2 mg•L-1,吸附剂用量为1.0 g•L-1时, 对As(Ⅲ)的去除率为99.8%;其吸附容量为1.996mg•g-1。吸附过程中部分As(Ⅲ)被氧化。与As(Ⅴ)的吸附相比,该吸附剂对As(Ⅲ)的效率比较高-而常见的其它除砷吸附剂如载铁纤维棉等,对As(Ⅴ)的效率比As(Ⅲ)高,为有效去除As(Ⅲ),常常需要专门加上氧化这一过程。 最后,利用负载型纳米铁对饮用水中As(Ⅲ) 的氧化性能进行考察,发现该吸附剂不但能够有效吸附去除饮用水中的砷,而且还能把As(Ⅲ)有效地氧化为As(Ⅴ)。经过对吸附剂的构成组分分析发现,活性炭表面因富含多种官能团而对三价砷的氧化作用最大;其次是纳米铁也能把As(Ⅲ)氧化为As(Ⅴ)。
Resumo:
There still exists controversy on the sign and magnitude of the Tolman's length and the Tolman's gap. Further experimental, computational and theoretical investigations on them are needed to solve this problem. In 2006, Blokhuis and Kuipers obtained a rigorous relationship between the Tolman's length and other thermodynamic quantities for the single-component liquid-vapour system. In the present paper, we derive two general relationships between the Tolman's length and other thermodynamic quantities for the single-component liquid vapour system. The relationship derived by Blokhuis and Kuipers and an earlier result turn out to be two special cases of our results.