High-efficiency photovoltaics through mechanically stacked integration of solar cells based on the InP lattice constant

Solar Energy is a clean and abundant energy source that can help reduce reliance on fossil fuels around which questions still persist about their contribution to climate and long-term availability. Monolithic triple-junction solar cells are currently the state of the art photovoltaic devices with champion cell efficiencies exceeding 40%, but their ultimate efficiency is restricted by the current-matching constraint of series-connected cells. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the use of solar cells with lattice constants equal to InP in order to reduce the constraint of current matching in multi-junction solar cells. This was addressed by two approaches: Firstly, the formation of mechanically stacked solar cells (MSSC) was investigated through the addition of separate connections to individual cells that make up a multi-junction device. An electrical and optical modelling approach identified separately connected InGaAs bottom cells stacked under dual-junction GaAs based top cells as a route to high efficiency. An InGaAs solar cell was fabricated on an InP substrate with a measured 1-Sun conversion efficiency of 9.3%. A comparative study of adhesives found benzocyclobutene to be the most suitable for bonding component cells in a mechanically stacked configuration owing to its higher thermal conductivity and refractive index when compared to other candidate adhesives. A flip-chip process was developed to bond single-junction GaAs and InGaAs cells with a measured 4-terminal MSSC efficiency of 25.2% under 1-Sun conditions. Additionally, a novel InAlAs solar cell was identified, which can be used to provide an alternative to the well established GaAs solar cell. As wide bandgap InAlAs solar cells have not been extensively investigated for use in photovoltaics, single-junction cells were fabricated and their properties relevant to PV operation analysed. Minority carrier diffusion lengths in the micrometre range were extracted, confirming InAlAs as a suitable material for use in III-V solar cells, and a 1-Sun conversion efficiency of 6.6% measured for cells with 800 nm thick absorber layers. Given the cost and small diameter of commercially available InP wafers, InGaAs and InAlAs solar cells were fabricated on alternative substrates, namely GaAs. As a first demonstration the lattice constant of a GaAs substrate was graded to InP using an InxGa1-xAs metamorphic buffer layer onto which cells were grown. This was the first demonstration of an InAlAs solar cell on an alternative substrate and an initial step towards fabricating these cells on Si. The results presented offer a route to developing multi-junction solar cell devices based on the InP lattice parameter, thus extending the range of available bandgaps for high efficiency cells.

A critical realist examination of the inhibitors of double loop learning in an agile adoption

The original solution to the high failure rate of software development projects was the imposition of an engineering approach to software development, with processes aimed at providing a repeatable structure to maintain a consistency in the ‘production process’. Despite these attempts at addressing the crisis in software development, others have argued that the rigid processes of an engineering approach did not provide the solution. The Agile approach to software development strives to change how software is developed. It does this primarily by relying on empowered teams of developers who are trusted to manage the necessary tasks, and who accept that change is a necessary part of a development project. The use of, and interest in, Agile methods in software development projects has expanded greatly, yet this has been predominantly practitioner driven. There is a paucity of scientific research on Agile methods and how they are adopted and managed. This study aims at addressing this paucity by examining the adoption of Agile through a theoretical lens. The lens used in this research is that of double loop learning theory. The behaviours required in an Agile team are the same behaviours required in double loop learning; therefore, a transition to double loop learning is required for a successful Agile adoption. The theory of triple loop learning highlights that power factors (or power mechanisms in this research) can inhibit the attainment of double loop learning. This study identifies the negative behaviours - potential power mechanisms - that can inhibit the double loop learning inherent in an Agile adoption, to determine how the Agile processes and behaviours can create these power mechanisms, and how these power mechanisms impact on double loop learning and the Agile adoption. This is a critical realist study, which acknowledges that the real world is a complex one, hierarchically structured into layers. An a priori framework is created to represent these layers, which are categorised as: the Agile context, the power mechanisms, and double loop learning. The aim of the framework is to explain how the Agile processes and behaviours, through the teams of developers and project managers, can ultimately impact on the double loop learning behaviours required in an Agile adoption. Four case studies provide further refinement to the framework, with changes required due to observations which were often different to what existing literature would have predicted. The study concludes by explaining how the teams of developers, the individual developers, and the project managers, working with the Agile processes and required behaviours, can inhibit the double loop learning required in an Agile adoption. A solution is then proposed to mitigate these negative impacts. Additionally, two new research processes are introduced to add to the Information Systems research toolkit.

Paradoxical worsening of tuberculosis in a heart-lung transplant recipient.

We report on a heart-lung transplant recipient who presented with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) 2.5 months after transplantation and then developed a paradoxical reaction after 4 months of adequate anti-TB treatment. She eventually recovered with anti-TB and high-dose steroid treatments. METHODS: Using sequential bronchoalveolar lavages, we assessed the inflammatory response in the lung and investigated the alveolar immune response against a Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen. RESULTS: The paradoxical reaction was characterized by a massive infiltration of the alveolar space by M. tuberculosis antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells and by the presence of a CD4(-)CD8(-) T lymphocyte subpopulation bearing phenotypic markers (CD16(+)/56(+)) classically associated with NK cells. CONCLUSION: This case report illustrates that even solid organ transplant recipients receiving intense triple-drug immune suppression may be able to develop a paradoxical reaction during TB treatment. Transplant physicians should be aware of this phenomenon in order to differentiate it from treatment failure.

Early versus delayed fixed dose combination abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine in patients with HIV and tuberculosis in Tanzania.

Fixed dose combination abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine (ABC/3TC/ZDV) among HIV-1 and tuberculosis (TB)-coinfected patients was evaluated and outcomes between early vs. delayed initiation were compared. In a randomized, pilot study conducted in the Kilimanjaro Region of Tanzania, HIV-infected inpatients with smear-positive TB and total lymphocyte count <1200/mm(3) were randomized to initiate ABC/3TC/ZDV either 2 (early) or 8 (delayed) weeks after commencing antituberculosis therapy and were followed for 104 weeks. Of 94 patients screened, 70 enrolled (41% female, median CD4 count 103 cells/mm(3)), and 33 in each group completed 104 weeks. Two deaths and 12 serious adverse events (SAEs) were observed in the early arm vs. one death, one clinical failure, and seven SAEs in the delayed arm (p = 0.6012 for time to first grade 3/4 event, SAE, or death). CD4 cell increases were +331 and +328 cells/mm(3), respectively. TB-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndromes (TB-IRIS) were not observed in any subject. Using intent-to-treat (ITT), missing = failure analyses, 74% (26/35) vs. 89% (31/35) randomized to early vs. delayed therapy had HIV RNA levels <400 copies/ml at 104 weeks (p = 0.2182) and 66% (23/35) vs. 74% (26/35), respectively, had HIV RNA levels <50 copies/ml (p = 0.6026). In an analysis in which switches from ABC/3TC/ZDV = failure, those receiving early therapy were less likely to be suppressed to <400 copies/ml [60% (21/35) vs. 86% (30/35), p = 0.030]. TB-IRIS was not observed among the 70 coinfected subjects beginning antiretroviral treatment. ABC/3TC/ZDV was well tolerated and resulted in steady immunologic improvement. Rates of virologic suppression were similar between early and delayed treatment strategies with triple nucleoside regimens when substitutions were allowed.

Outcomes After Total Ankle Replacement in Association With Ipsilateral Hindfoot Arthrodesis.

BACKGROUND: Ipsilateral hindfoot arthrodesis in combination with total ankle replacement (TAR) may diminish functional outcome and prosthesis survivorship compared to isolated TAR. We compared the outcome of isolated TAR to outcomes of TAR with ipsilateral hindfoot arthrodesis. METHODS: In a consecutive series of 404 primary TARs in 396 patients, 70 patients (17.3%) had a hindfoot fusion before, after, or at the time of TAR; the majority had either an isolated subtalar arthrodesis (n = 43, 62%) or triple arthrodesis (n = 15, 21%). The remaining 334 isolated TARs served as the control group. Mean patient follow-up was 3.2 years (range, 24-72 months). RESULTS: The SF-36 total, AOFAS Hindfoot-Ankle pain subscale, Foot and Ankle Disability Index, and Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment scores were significantly improved from preoperative measures, with no significant differences between the hindfoot arthrodesis and control groups. The AOFAS Hindfoot-Ankle total, function, and alignment scores were significantly improved for both groups, albeit the control group demonstrated significantly higher scores in all 3 scales. Furthermore, the control group demonstrated a significantly greater improvement in VAS pain score compared to the hindfoot arthrodesis group. Walking speed, sit-to-stand time, and 4-square step test time were significantly improved for both groups at each postoperative time point; however, the hindfoot arthrodesis group completed these tests significantly slower than the control group. There was no significant difference in terms of talar component subsidence between the fusion (2.6 mm) and control groups (2.0 mm). The failure rate in the hindfoot fusion group (10.0%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (2.4%; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this study represents the first series evaluating the clinical outcome of TARs performed with and without hindfoot fusion using implants available in the United States. At follow-up of 3.2 years, TAR performed with ipsilateral hindfoot arthrodesis resulted in significant improvements in pain and functional outcome; in contrast to prior studies, however, overall outcome was inferior to that of isolated TAR. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, prospective comparative series.

Laminar Free Convection from a Vertically-Oriented Concentrated Photovoltaic Cell with Uniform Surface Heat Flux

This research project uses field measurements to investigate the cooling of a triple-junction, photovoltaic cell under natural convection when subjected to various amounts of insolation. The team built an experimental apparatus consisting of a mirror and Fresnel lens to concentrate light onto a triple-junction photovoltaic cell, mounted vertically on a copper heat sink. Measurements were taken year-round to provide a wide range of ambient conditions. A surface was then generated, in MATLAB, using Sparrow’s model for natural convection on a vertical plate under constant heat flux. This surface can be used to find the expected operating temperature of a cell at any location, given the ambient temperature and insolation. This research is an important contribution to the industry because it utilizes field data that represents how a cell would react under normal operation. It also extends the use of a well-known model from a one-sun environment to a multi-sun one.

The effectiveness of low-level laser therapy for nonspecific chronic low back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: In recent decades, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been widely used to relieve pain caused by different musculoskeletal disorders. Though widely used, its reported therapeutic outcomes are varied and conflicting. Results similarly conflict regarding its usage in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP). This study investigated the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for the treatment of NSCLBP by a systematic literature search with meta-analyses on selected studies. METHOD: MEDLINE, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science and Cochrane Library were systematically searched from January 2000 to November 2014. Included studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) written in English that compared LLLT with placebo treatment in NSCLBP patients. The efficacy effect size was estimated by the weighted mean difference (WMD). Standard random-effects meta-analysis was used, and inconsistency was evaluated by the I-squared index (I(2)). RESULTS: Of 221 studies, seven RCTs (one triple-blind, four double-blind, one single-blind, one not mentioning blinding, totaling 394 patients) met the criteria for inclusion. Based on five studies, the WMD in visual analog scale (VAS) pain outcome score after treatment was significantly lower in the LLLT group compared with placebo (WMD = -13.57 [95 % CI = -17.42, -9.72], I(2) = 0 %). No significant treatment effect was identified for disability scores or spinal range of motion outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that LLLT is an effective method for relieving pain in NSCLBP patients. However, there is still a lack of evidence supporting its effect on function.

Proper-motion binaries in the Hipparcos catalogue: comparison with radial velocity data

Context. This paper is the last in a series devoted to the analysis of the binary content of the Hipparcos Catalogue. Aims. The comparison of the proper motions constructed from positions spanning a short (Hipparcos) or long time (Tycho-2) makes it possible to uncover binaries with periods of the order of or somewhat larger than the short time span (in this case, the 3 yr duration of the Hipparcos mission), since the unrecognised orbital motion will then add to the proper motion. Methods. A list of candidate proper motion binaries is constructed from a carefully designed χ2 test evaluating the statistical significance of the difference between the Tycho-2 and Hipparcos proper motions for 103 134 stars in common between the two catalogues (excluding components of visual systems). Since similar lists of proper-motion binaries have already been constructed, the present paper focuses on the evaluation of the detection efficiency of proper-motion binaries, using different kinds of control data (mostly radial velocities). The detection rate for entries from the Ninth Catalogue of Spectroscopic Binary Orbits (SB9) is evaluated, as well as for stars like barium stars, which are known to be all binaries, and finally for spectroscopic binaries identified from radial velocity data in the Geneva-Copenhagen survey of F and G dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood. Results. Proper motion binaries are efficiently detected for systems with parallaxes in excess of ∼20 mas, and periods in the range 1000-30 000 d. The shortest periods in this range (1000-2000 d, i.e. once to twice the duration of the Hipparcos mission) may appear only as DMSA/G binaries (accelerated proper motion in the Hipparcos Double and Multiple System Annex). Proper motion binaries detected among SB9 systems having periods shorter than about 400 d hint at triple systems, the proper-motion binary involving a component with a longer orbital period. A list of 19 candidate triple systems is provided. Binaries suspected of having low-mass (brown-dwarf-like) companions are listed as well. Among the 37 barium stars with parallaxes larger than 5 mas, only 7 exhibit no evidence for duplicity whatsoever (be it spectroscopic or astrometric). Finally, the fraction of proper-motion binaries shows no significant variation among the various (regular) spectral classes, when due account is taken for the detection biases. © ESO 2007.

Expo 58 :katalysator en vitrine voor het Belgische bouwbedrijf. Expo 58 :catalyseur et vitrine du secteur de la construction en Belgique

L’impact des expositions universelles sur le secteur de la construction du pays d’accueil est triple :elles sont l’occasion de faire la démonstration de la qualité des produits et projets de l’industrie locale ;elles stimulent les investissements dans l’infrastructure nouvelle et les bâtiments autour du site de l’exposition ;et elles représentent un défi prestigieux à relever, celui d’édifier en peu de temps des pavillons d’exception et de les montrer à un public international. L’Expo 58 a attiré 41,5 millions de visiteurs avec ses quelque 250 nouveaux bâtiments. Seuls sept entrepreneurs non belges ont participé aux travaux. Pour le monde belge de la construction, cette première exposition universelle après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale a marqué un moment charnière :elle a dressé un état des lieux de la période de reconstruction et a inauguré une phase de grands travaux de modernisation de l’infrastructure du pays. Mais elle peut aussi être vue comme un franchissement du creux économique de courte durée entre le Miracle belge (1947) et les golden sixties. Les premières initiatives remontent en effet à 1946, époque caractérisée par une réalité économique et politique bien différente de celle de la fin des années cinquante. En 1957-8, le secteur belge de la construction arrivait à peine à faire face à la demande, en particulier en raison de risques de pénurie dans la sidérurgie et d’un manque de main-d’œuvre qualifiée. Les pouvoirs publics ont ainsi échelonné la construction de logements sociaux de manière à la répartir avec les efforts consentis pour l’exposition universelle.

Eficiencia agronómica de fósforo : efecto de fuentes líquidas y sólidas en suelos con presencia de calcáreo de Entre Ríos

La respuesta a la fertilización fosfatada es generalizada en la región pampeana argentina. Los fertilizantes, al ser aplicados al suelo, se disuelven y reaccionan con constituyentes del suelo y con compuestos del fertilizante, dando fosfatos menos solubles. Las fuentes de P utilizadas también determinan las reacciones producidas, lo que podría influir en la disponibilidad de P para las plantas. En Entre Ríos existen sectores dentro de los lotes donde el pH es alcalino y la presencia de carbonato de calcio es importante, pudiendo afectar la disponibilidad de P, tanto en suelos del orden Molisol como Vertisol. Para evaluar el efecto de distintas fuentes de P se realizaron ensayos de campo, invernadero y laboratorio; incluyendo análisis de suelos y mediciones en el cultivo de trigo. En el suelo Vertisol (con alrededor de 10 por ciento de carbonato de calcio) el P extraído con extractantes suaves (P Bray I y Pmia) fue menor con una fuente de reacción alcalina (fosfato di amónico - FDA), correspondiéndose con mayor cantidad de P unido al calcio. En el suelo Molisol (con 3 por ciento de carbonato) las diferencias inducidas por fuentes no fueron significativas al evaluar los valores de Bray I y Mehlich III frente al agregado de P. Sin embargo, al igual que en el suelo Vertisol, el Pmia fue mayor cuando se utilizaron las fuentes súper fosfato triple (SFT) y polifosfato de amonio (PFA) frente a FDA, y esta última presentó mayor P unido al Ca. Para ambos suelos, no se observaron ventajas en el crecimiento, rendimiento y eficiencia agronómica del cultivo de trigo por el uso de alguna fuente en particular; pero el P absorbido por el cultivo, la concentración de P en tejido y la eficiencia de recuperación del P del fertilizante fue mayor cuando se agregó P con las fuentes SFT y PFA. Estos resultados sugieren que la reacción que produce el fertilizante al disolverse en el suelo con alta presencia de carbonato de calcio libre es la que condiciona la cantidad de P que queda en la solución del suelo.

Caracterización funcional de la estepa magallánica y su transición a matorral de Mata Negra (Patagonia austral) a partir de imágenes de resolución espacial intermedia

La PPNA es indicadora de la biomasa disponible y se relaciona con la capacidad de carga de los sistemas pastoriles extensivos. Es posible estimarla a partir de índices de vegetación obtenidos de sensores remotos. El objetivo de esta tesis fue caracterizar funcional y estructuralmente una estepa graminosa (Estepa Magallánica Seca-EMS) y una arbustiva ((Matorral de Mata Negra-MMN) de la Patagonia Austral. En 18 sitios se midió cobertura vegetal (2004 y 2010) y biomasa por estratos (2004 y 2005). Se obtuvieron 8 índices de vegetación a partir de imágenes MODIS (resolución 16 días, 250m, 2003-2010). Se caracterizaron las comunidades vegetales (PCA). Se extrajeron los índices en áreas de 3x3 pixeles y correlacionaron con la biomasa y cobertura medidas a campo. Ambas áreas están dominadas por especies perennes con una cobertura de 66 por ciento En MMN la mitad de este valor corresponde a arbustos. La biomasa aérea total fue de aproximadamente 1000 Kg MS/ha en EMS y el triple en MMN, en ambos casos un 33 por ciento corresponde a material verde. Los índices presentan patrones temporales similares entre áreas, con un máximo a fines de octubre, aunque NDVI y RVI mostraron un segundo pico en abril. El MMN posee mayor biomasa pero los índices fueron 20 por ciento menores que EMS. El NDVI caracterizó mejor la vegetación de la EMS, con correlaciones de 0,69, 0,43 y 0,48 con la fracción verde de biomasa total, intercoironal y coironal, respectivamente. Reflejó además el crecimiento otoñal característico de ambientes con régimen isohigro, limitados por temperatura y humedad. Por el contrario, en el MMN, los índices espectrales y los indicadores de biomasa no correlacionaron. Los valores de regresión obtenidos indican que la evaluación de biomasa disponible a partir de sensores remotos es solo posible en uno de los ecosistemas y muestran que para estimar la receptividad, seria necesaria una calibración local de los índices, dado que la estructura de la vegetación modifica los valores espectrales.

La simbiosis con endófitos del género Neotyphodium y su impacto en la interacción del pasto hospedante con otros hongos

En los pastizales naturales se encuentran muchas especies de gramíneas asociadas a endófitos asexuales del género Neotyphodium. La persistencia de la simbiosis en las comunidades ha sido asociada a los beneficios que el endófito le confiere al hospedante frente a situaciones de herbivoría y estrés abiótico. El objetivo general de esta tesis es evaluar el impacto de la presencia del endófito sobre el desarrollo de otros hongos que forman asociaciones patogénicas con el mismo pasto hospedante y estudiar de qué manera esta triple interacción se relaciona con el resto de la comunidad y el ambiente abiótico. Como sistema de estudio se utilizó a la gramínea anual Lolium multiflorum, su endófito Neotyphodium occultans y hongos con estrategias de vida contrastantes que colonizan distintos tejidos en distintos estadios del hospedante y generan cambios diversos en su demografía y ecología. La hipótesis general de esta tesis es que la presencia de endófitos altera tanto de manera directa como indirecta la interacción entre la planta hospedante y la comunidad de patógenos, y que estos cambios impactan sobre la permanencia de la simbiosis y su interacción con el resto de la comunidad vegetal. A través de un meta-análisis y experimentos manipulativos en laboratorio, invernáculo y a campo demostramos que el mutualismo reduce la infección por diversos hongos patógenos a través de mecanismos tanto fisiológicos como ecológicos, e impacta sobre otras especies de pastos. La conclusión general de esta tesis es que esta triple interacción está lejos de ser simple como fue planteado en sus inicios. Esta interacción es compleja e incluye a otros organismos de la comunidad, tanto como mediadores de la infección o como beneficiarios de los efectos de la simbiosis.

Caracterización funcional de la estepa magallánica y su transición a matorral de Mata Negra (Patagonia austral)a partir de imágenes de resolución espacial intermedia

La PPNA es indicadora de la biomasa disponible y se relaciona con la capacidad de carga de los sistemas pastoriles extensivos. Es posible estimarla a partir de índices de vegetación obtenidos de sensores remotos. El objetivo de esta tesis fue caracterizar funcional y estructuralmente una estepa graminosa (Estepa Magallánica Seca-EMS)y una arbustiva ((Matorral de Mata Negra-MMN)de la Patagonia Austral. En 18 sitios se midió cobertura vegetal (2004 y 2010)y biomasa por estratos (2004 y 2005). Se obtuvieron 8 índices de vegetación a partir de imágenes MODIS (resolución 16 días, 250m, 2003-2010). Se caracterizaron las comunidades vegetales (PCA). Se extrajeron los índices en áreas de 3x3 pixeles y correlacionaron con la biomasa y cobertura medidas a campo. Ambas áreas están dominadas por especies perennes con una cobertura de 66 por ciento En MMN la mitad de este valor corresponde a arbustos. La biomasa aérea total fue de aproximadamente 1000 Kg MS/ha en EMS y el triple en MMN, en ambos casos un 33 por ciento corresponde a material verde. Los índices presentan patrones temporales similares entre áreas, con un máximo a fines de octubre, aunque NDVI y RVI mostraron un segundo pico en abril. El MMN posee mayor biomasa pero los índices fueron 20 por ciento menores que EMS. El NDVI caracterizó mejor la vegetación de la EMS, con correlaciones de 0,69, 0,43 y 0,48 con la fracción verde de biomasa total, intercoironal y coironal, respectivamente. Reflejó además el crecimiento otoñal característico de ambientes con régimen isohigro, limitados por temperatura y humedad. Por el contrario, en el MMN, los índices espectrales y los indicadores de biomasa no correlacionaron. Los valores de regresión obtenidos indican que la evaluación de biomasa disponible a partir de sensores remotos es solo posible en uno de los ecosistemas y muestran que para estimar la receptividad, seria necesaria una calibración local de los índices, dado que la estructura de la vegetación modifica los valores espectrales.

Evaluación de la calidad en cerdos vivos (PIGLOG 105) y en la canal (FAT-O-MEATER)

p.135-139

Eficiencia agronómica de fósforo : efecto de fuentes líquidas y sólidas en suelos con presencia de calcáreo de Entre Ríos

La respuesta a la fertilización fosfatada es generalizada en la región pampeana argentina. Los fertilizantes, al ser aplicados al suelo, se disuelven y reaccionan con constituyentes del suelo y con compuestos del fertilizante, dando fosfatos menos solubles. Las fuentes de P utilizadas también determinan las reacciones producidas, lo que podría influir en la disponibilidad de P para las plantas. En Entre Ríos existen sectores dentro de los lotes donde el pH es alcalino y la presencia de carbonato de calcio es importante, pudiendo afectar la disponibilidad de P, tanto en suelos del orden Molisol como Vertisol. Para evaluar el efecto de distintas fuentes de P se realizaron ensayos de campo, invernadero y laboratorio; incluyendo análisis de suelos y mediciones en el cultivo de trigo. En el suelo Vertisol (con alrededor de 10 por ciento de carbonato de calcio)el P extraído con extractantes suaves (P Bray I y Pmia)fue menor con una fuente de reacción alcalina (fosfato di amónico - FDA), correspondiéndose con mayor cantidad de P unido al calcio. En el suelo Molisol (con 3 por ciento de carbonato)las diferencias inducidas por fuentes no fueron significativas al evaluar los valores de Bray I y Mehlich III frente al agregado de P. Sin embargo, al igual que en el suelo Vertisol, el Pmia fue mayor cuando se utilizaron las fuentes súper fosfato triple (SFT)y polifosfato de amonio (PFA)frente a FDA, y esta última presentó mayor P unido al Ca. Para ambos suelos, no se observaron ventajas en el crecimiento, rendimiento y eficiencia agronómica del cultivo de trigo por el uso de alguna fuente en particular; pero el P absorbido por el cultivo, la concentración de P en tejido y la eficiencia de recuperación del P del fertilizante fue mayor cuando se agregó P con las fuentes SFT y PFA. Estos resultados sugieren que la reacción que produce el fertilizante al disolverse en el suelo con alta presencia de carbonato de calcio libre es la que condiciona la cantidad de P que queda en la solución del suelo.