The Birmingham Urban Climate Laboratory: an open meteorological test bed and challenges of the smart city

Existing urban meteorological networks have an important role to play as test beds for inexpensive and more sustainable measurement techniques that are now becoming possible in our increasingly smart cities. The Birmingham Urban Climate Laboratory (BUCL) is a near-real-time, high-resolution urban meteorological network (UMN) of automatic weather stations and inexpensive, nonstandard air temperature sensors. The network has recently been implemented with an initial focus on monitoring urban heat, infrastructure, and health applications. A number of UMNs exist worldwide; however, BUCL is novel in its density, the low-cost nature of the sensors, and the use of proprietary Wi-Fi networks. This paper provides an overview of the logistical aspects of implementing a UMN test bed at such a density, including selecting appropriate urban sites; testing and calibrating low-cost, nonstandard equipment; implementing strict quality-assurance/quality-control mechanisms (including metadata); and utilizing preexisting Wi-Fi networks to transmit data. Also included are visualizations of data collected by the network, including data from the July 2013 U.K. heatwave as well as highlighting potential applications. The paper is an open invitation to use the facility as a test bed for evaluating models and/or other nonstandard observation techniques such as those generated via crowdsourcing techniques.

Research methods in TESOL and digital literacies

One of the biggest challenges of integrating research in TESOL with research in digital literacies is that the research methodologies of these two traditions have developed out of different ontological and episte- mological assumptions about what is being researched (the object of study), where the research is located (the research site), and who is being researched (the research participants).

INFLUENCE OF INTERIMPLANT DISTANCES AND PLACEMENT DEPTH ON PAPILLA FORMATION AND CRESTAL RESORPTION: A CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC STUDY IN DOGS

Among the factors that contribute to the papilla formation and crestal bone preservation between contiguous implants, this animal study clinically and radiographically evaluated the interimplant distances (IDs) of 2 and 3 mm and the placement depths of Morse cone connection implants restored with platform switch. Bilateral mandibular premolars of 6 dogs were extracted, and after 12 weeks, the implants were placed. Four experimental groups were constituted: subcrestally with ID of 2 mm (2 SCL) and 3 mm (3 SCL) and crestally with ID of 2 mm (2 CL) and 3 mm (3 CL). Metallic crowns were immediately installed with a distance of 3 mm between the contact point and the bone crest. Eight weeks later, clinical measurements were performed to evaluate papilla formation, and radiographic images were taken to analyze the crestal bone remodeling. The subcrestal groups achieved better levels of papillae formation when compared with the crestal groups, with a significant difference between the 3 SCL and 3 CL groups (P = .026). Radiographically, the crestal bone preservation was also better in the subcrestal groups, with statistically significant differences between the 2SCL and 2CL groups (P = .002) and between the 3SCL and 3CL groups (P = .008). With the present conditions, it could be concluded that subcrestal implant placement had a positive impact on papilla formation and crestal bone preservation, which could favor the esthetic of anterior regions. However, the IDs of 2 and 3 mm did not show significantly different results.

Gene Mapping of 18S and 5S rDNA Genes in the Karyotype of the Three-Spot Gourami Trichogaster trichopterus (Perciformes, Osphronemidae)

Ornamental fish culture is important as an economic activity and for biodiversity conservation as well. The species of the genus Trichogaster (Perciformes, Osphronemidae), popularly known as three-spot gourami, are among the several commercial species raised around the world. In the present work, eight specimens of Thrichogaster trichopterus from aquarium trade facilities were analyzed. The karyotype was composed of 23 pairs of subtelo/acrocentric chromosomes. Fluorescent in situ hybridization allowed identifying the 18S ribosomal gene at telomeric region on long arms of the largest acrocentric pair. On the other hand, the 5S rRNA gene is located at a proximal region on a pair of medium-sized chromosomes. Such information is extremely useful in face of the risks of introduction and the development of ornamental fish trade, once many fish species can be identified only by genetic studies.

Electron paramagnetic resonance and the thermoluminescence emission mechanism of the 280 degrees C peak in natural andalusite crystal

Samples of natural andalusite (Al(2)SiO(5)) crystal have been investigated in terms of thermoluminescence (TL) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements. The TL glow curves of samples previously annealed at 600 degrees C for 30 min and subsequently gamma-irradiated gave rise to four glow peaks at 150, 210, 280 and 350 degrees C. The EPR spectra of natural samples heat-treated at 600 degrees C for 30 min show signals at g = 5.94 and 2.014 that do not change after gamma irradiation and thermal treatments. However, it was observed that the appearance of a paramagnetic center at g=1.882 for the samples annealed at 600 degrees C for 30 min followed gamma irradiation. This line was attributed to Ti(3+) centers. The EPR signals observed at g=5.94 and 2.014 are due to Fe(3+). Correlations between EPR and TL results of these crystals show that the EPR line at g=1.882 and the TL peak at 280 degrees C can be attributed to the same defect center. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Pseudolikelihood equations for Potts MRF model parameter estimation on higher order neighborhood systems

This letter presents pseudolikelihood equations for the estimation of the Potts Markov random field model parameter on higher order neighborhood systems. The derived equation for second-order systems is a significantly reduced version of a recent result found in the literature (from 67 to 22 terms). Also, with the proposed method, a completely original equation for Potts model parameter estimation in third-order systems was obtained. These equations allow the modeling of less restrictive contextual systems for a large number of applications in a computationally feasible way. Experiments with both simulated and real remote sensing images provided good results.

Inferring Contagion in Regulatory Networks

Several gene regulatory network models containing concepts of directionality at the edges have been proposed. However, only a few reports have an interpretable definition of directionality. Here, differently from the standard causality concept defined by Pearl, we introduce the concept of contagion in order to infer directionality at the edges, i.e., asymmetries in gene expression dependences of regulatory networks. Moreover, we present a bootstrap algorithm in order to test the contagion concept. This technique was applied in simulated data and, also, in an actual large sample of biological data. Literature review has confirmed some genes identified by contagion as actually belonging to the TP53 pathway.

Bioreduction of alpha-chloroacetophenone by whole cells of marine fungi

The asymmetric reduction of 2-chloro-1-phenylethanone (1) by seven strains of marine fungi was evaluated and afforded (S)-(-)-2-chloro-1-phenylethanol with, in the best case, an enantiomeric excess of 50% and an isolated yield of 60%. The ability of marine fungi to catalyse the reduction was directly dependent on growth in artificial sea water-based medium containing a high concentration of Cl(-) (1.2 M). When fungi were grown in the absence of artificial sea water, no reduction of 1 by whole cells was observed. The biocatalytic reduction of 1 was more efficient at neutral rather than acidic pH values and in the absence of glucose as co-substrate.

Ungdomars fysiska aktivitet och dess betydelse för prestationen i skolan

This study where designed to investigate if there are any positive relationship between the extent of physical activity during adolescent's leisure time and the academic performance, and also if there are any negative relationship between the academic performance and the time spent in front of the television or computers. Another part of the study tried to find out if physical activity has a direct and immediate influence on the performance in school. 91 pupils (51 girls and 40 boys) in the 8:th year of the Swedish primary school, from three different schools participated in the study. All 91 pupils first responded to a questionnaire concerning there activities in leisure time. They where then tested in a mathematical test and the results where compared with the extent of physical activity and TV/computer time they had stated in the questionnaire. 53 of the pupils also participated in the part of the study where direct and immediate influences of physical activity where tested. They where tested in two different but similar mathematical tests. Before the first test all pupils had a walk for about 3 km. The second test where accomplished whiteout preceding walk.Pupils who spend one hour or less/week on physical activity had significant lower mean score on the mathematical test then the pupils who spend more than one hour/week on physical activities, (Mann-Whitney U-test: Z= -2,486, p= 0,0129). Boys who spent 10,5 hours or less/week in front of the TV/computer had significant higher mean score than the boys who spent more than 10,5 hours/week in front of the TV/computer. No significant differences in the results of the two different tests, one white and one whiteout preceding walk, were observed.

Estudo de solos subtropicais visando o emprego na construção de habitações de baixo custo

Esta pesquisa visa o estudo de características físicas e mecânicas de solos subtropicais, para aplicação na construção de habitações de baixo custo, abordando-se principalmente a técnica de construção com paredes monolíticas compactadas. A opçao pelo estudo do solo, realizado sem a adição de estabilizantes fisico-químicos, baseia-se no fato de que a mesma nem sempre é necessária, embora seja vital em alguns casos. Através da revisão de literatura, são ressaltadas as propriedades dos solos consideradas importantes para construção deste tipo de moradia, bem como os fatores envolvidos na durabilidade da mesma. Foi realizado o estudo de jazidas de solos, pertencentes a algumas das unidades geotécnicas da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre, levando-se sempre em conta este tipo de aplicação. Para tanto, são realizados ensaios laboratoriais de caracterização física dos solos, bem como de comportamento mecânico, testando-se resistência à compressão simples e à erosão, e absorção por capilaridade. Além disso, é feita a análise qualitativa da durabilidade de blocos compactados frente a exposição ao tempo. Estes blocos visam simular a condição de pequenos segmentos de paredes. Os resultados obtidos são analisados e comparados com as recomendações da prática deste tipo de construção, avaliando-se a validade das mesmas para o caso de solos tropicais e subtropicais

Estimativa do potencial produtivo da soja e variabilidade espacial de área de produção

A busca de rendimentos elevados na cultura da soja, pressupõe o entendimento dos fatores responsáveis pela variabilidade dos parâmetros de planta que contribuem para o rendimento, e o desenvolvimento de metodologias para a avaliação destes parâmetros, em condições de lavoura. Como objetivos, o presente trabalho procurou estudar metodologias para a determinação do potencial de rendimento da soja durante a ontogenia, e avaliar a variabilidade existente em comunidades, por técnicas de geoestatística. Experimentos foram realizados na Estação Experimental Agronômica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (EEA/UFRGS), localizada em Eldorado do Sul, RS, no período de 1996 a 2001. Parte do trabalho enfocou a determinação do potencial de rendimento da soja durante a ontogenia. Para que se possa elevar o rendimento é necessário entender o comportamento do potencial. Para tanto, utilizou-se metodologias baseadas na quantificação das estruturas reprodutivas da soja, com acompanhamento temporal de cultivares diferenciadas, durante a ontogenia. Outra etapa experimental constou da análise espacial e temporal da produção de grãos e seus componentes, em uma comunidade de plantas de soja, manejada como uma lavoura comercial. Nesta última utilizou-se, além de técnicas estatísticas usualmente empregadas na experimentação agrícola, procedimentos de geoestatística para a caracterização da variabilidade espacial e temporal presentes na área O trabalho demonstrou a existência de padrões similares entre cultivares e anos, para o potencial de rendimento e sua perda durante a ontogenia. Também evidenciou que é possível determinar a variabilidade espacial e temporal de comunidades de soja, mesmo trabalhando-se em nível de planta, e a capacidade das técnicas geoestatísticas em auxiliar na visualização de tal variabilidade. As técnicas empregadas podem servir de base para estudos aplicados, onde sua utilização pode ser uma ferramenta importante no manejo de áreas onde se busca maior precisão na agricultura, para aumentar o rendimento de grãos.

A cultura nacional e as negociações internacionais : um comparativo entre executivos brasileiros e italianos

Esta dissertação aborda o tema da negociação comercial internacional e a influência da cultura nacional. Justifica-se a importância deste estudo pelo aumento da competitividade internacional, não somente no aspecto comercial, mas também no que se refere à competitividade pessoal. Este tema proporciona à academia e às empresas, especialmente aos negociadores, relevantes aspectos teóricos e demonstra uma realidade prática, apresentando importantes considerações à devida preparação da negociação. No atual contexto, conhecer as diferenças culturais, respeitando-as e possuir informações sobre o possível comportamento do interlocutor tornam-se um diferencial estratégico para a empresa e para o negociador e, como conseqüência, minimiza o choque cultural, proporcionando melhores resultados na negociação.Para responder às questões desta pesquisa, o objetivo geral consiste em analisar a existência de diferenças culturais entre executivos brasileiros e italianos nas negociações comerciais internacionais. Esta é uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório - descritivo, com uma abordagem multimétodo: o qualitativo e o quantitativo. O primeiro consiste em entrevistas em profundidade, que proporcionaram importantes contribuições à formulação do instrumento de pesquisa: o questionário, sendo que através deste foram coletadas as informações da etapa quantitativa. A aplicação do questionário deu-se no sul do Brasil, nos estados do Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina e Paraná e no norte da Itália, nas regiões do Vêneto, da Lombardia e de Trento, totalizando uma amostra de 200 respondentes (100 executivos em cada país). A presente pesquisa está estruturada seguindo a ordem teórica, ou seja, a negociação comercial internacional, a cultura nacional e os valores pessoais. De forma geral, os resultados obtidos demonstram as diferenças culturais na negociação comercial internacional, proporcionando um “retrato” das características culturais do executivo italiano e brasileiro, segundo as dimensões culturais propostas por Hofstede (1997), e os valores pessoais, identificados pela Escala de Valores de Rokeach (RVS) (1973).

Proposta para integrar a cadeia de suprimentos de uma montadora de produtos para conforto térmico e seus varejistas especializados

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