Diagnóstico antropogeomorfológico em bacia hidrográfica urbana: o caso do Córrego do Jardim São João, Araras (SP)

Man can transform the nature according to their needs through technique which enables agriculture, cattle raising, constructions of buildings for housing, transport routes, etc. This action has brought significant transformations to the environment, and relief is one of the most changed elements, mainly at urban areas, which concentrates most of the Brazilian population. In these areas geomorphologic systems have undergone alterations in their flow of matter and energy by the action of man. Thus, it is possible o understand the action of man as geomorphologic action, nowadays, the tecnógeno, since the human action can interfere qualitatively and quantitatively in the input and output of these systems. The anthropic geomorphology has contributed to the analyses of the effects due to the urbanization at the form and at the geomorphologic process in the urban watersheds, indicating the transformations at the shape of the relief and the alterations due to the acceleration of the flow of matter and energy. From these questions, this study had the main diagnose the anthropogenic changes of the relief at the basin of Corrego do Jardim São João, Araras (SP), comparing two scenes, 1997 and 2006, through geomorphological mapping evolutionary in the area. The geomorphological feature altered at the basin are directly linked to the use of soil, mainly at the urban use, which caused effects in the relief at the studied area, making possible to define periods of the urban evolution and impacts caused by the urbanization. Among the changes it was found the decrease of the topographic breaks and at the riverbed channels, as the increase of the accumulation of the plain and riverbed terrace. The elaboration of a letter of the legal restrictions of the basin make possible to evaluate some of the environmental urban problems that occur, which are due to the occupation of the relief in the areas of permanent preservation that brings significant impacts to...

Desenvolvimento da malha urbana de Guaratinguetá e propostas de intervenção

The work consists of the historical city of Guaratinguetá, as well as data on their quality of life, economic development and population, transportation in Brazil and the transportation system of the city serving as a basis to support the development of the urban network. The urban fabric of the city was raised with plants of the city in different years, documents obtained by the Museum and Hall of Frei Galvão Guaratinguetá well to check the form of land use and growth drivers of the city over time. We studied also the main access roads to the city by focusing on an approach that has been the subject of a proposed urban intervention. A direct interview was performed and recorded with one of those responsible for planning the urban fabric of the city in order to gather information on the historical development, the future possibilities of interventions in the urban as well as problems encountered and other curiosities. Through the study it was observed that the urban grid Guaratinguetá developing a planned since 1970 and that the highlights of most cities in the Paraíba Valley. The work is grounded in concepts of sustainable city and also in quantitative and qualitative data from sectors responsible

Projeto de Escola Infantil Sustentável em Bauru

The inclusion of sustainability practices in the construction is a growing trend. This propensity to sustainability takes place from the 1980’s due to the concern about the scarcity of natural resources and damages caused by the men to the environment. Another upward sector in the architecture business is the environmental psychology. The understanding of the environment and it’s planning and adaptation to meet the real user’s needs are essential factors to build an widely used and comfortable environment. An environment can only be considered complete when it meets the real user’s needs. Sustainability related themes as well as environmental psychology are highlighted in the discussions about the projects as fundamental factors to the environment’s quality. This work seeks the development of an kindergarten school, conceptually grounded in researches and analysis of school environments, playful projects and sustainability in the built environment, aiming its use in the city of Bauru. The project will be built from the understanding of the human behavior and in search of an sustainable architecture

Metodologia para determinação de volume de detenção em pequenas bacias urbanas: o caso do córrego Wenzel, Rio Claro/SP

With the accelerated urbanization process of Brazil from the 50s, there was a disorderly occupation of spaces and consequent soil sealing. Unlike this growth, the support capacity of urban environments has not evolved in the same way, generating negative environmental impacts to the citizens. Among these impacts are the effects of flooding. In order to minimize the negative effects of extreme precipitation over cities, the government invests in corrective measures, like compensatory techniques on urban drainage, which have as a basic principle the retention and infiltration of the rainfall, dampening the peak flow and runoff. An example of applying these techniques in urban areas are the detention basins, commonly called large pools. The hydraulic design of these structures is dependent of complex data and variables, and projects involving small areas generally use simplified methods for defining the reservoirs volume of the storage (Tassi, 2005). One of these methods is presented in this study, which relates to the percentage of soil sealing to the specific storage volume (m³/ha) in combination by applying the hydrological model of the Rational Method and analyzing regional rainfall and soil occupation over the basin. Within this context, the basin of the Wenzel stream, which is located amidst the urban area of Rio Claro/SP, also presents the problems related to human occupation in its valley. Thus, by the method presented has been adjusted a curve correlating the percentage of impermeable area and the specific volume of a detention basin. For the current situation of Wenzel Basin with 82% of impermeable area, and return period of 10 years, the specific volume is 262.1 m³/ha. The presented method is consistent with the results of other studies in the area, and the expression obtained allows estimating the volume of storage required to match hydrograph pre and post-occupancy. It presents itself as a useful tool in the planning stage of...

Tecnologias, conceitos e propostas de materiais de construção sustentável do Centro de Vivências da UNESP, Rio Claro/SP

Due to the great impact caused by construction, the university has a major role in the development of alternative projects and studies aimed at sustainable development. This project presents the advantages and importance of building in a sustainable manner from the beginning to end of the Center of Experiences at UNESP, Rio Claro / SP. It will be presented alternative building materials that have high environmental performance and that bring the least negative impacts as possible. Providing a Center of Experiences through a sustainable building is in need of the university to renovate the new trends of society in which the construction is in harmony with the environment in which it is inserted. This sustainable building will serve as a model for students and residents of Rio Claro, since the building itself will serve as a way of learning to the audience goer, as well as for the other campuses of UNESP. Thus, this project will serve as a guide for decision makers facing the huge amount of building materials available in the market

Avaliação do método de classificação baseada no objeto em imagens de alta resolução espacial aplicado para o monitoramento de faixa de dutos: estudo de caso no entorno da refinaria de Capuava em Mauá - SP

The metropolitan region of São Paulo is the most populous of the country, this happens because of its great importance in the national economy and the job opportunities that are offered to the population. These factors result in intense population growth and urban expansion, reaching some non-habitable places of the metropolis, as areas of pipelines, which are very important for the transportation of natural gas, oil and its derivatives. Before the population growth of the region, these sites were unoccupied, do not presenting problems for the population. However, with the disorderly occupation is generated great anthropogenic pressure on the pipeline stitches, causing risks to people who are around them. Therefore it is extremely important to monitor the strip of pipelines through products and techniques of remote sensing and geoprocessing, enabling, through high spatial resolution images, identification of objects or phenomena that occur on Earth's surface that can alter the functioning and safety of pipelines. Therefore, this study aims to monitor a stretch of the area of the pipeline mesh GASPAL/OSVAT and Capuava Refinery (RECAP), located on the outskirts of the metropolitan area of São Paulo in the city of Mauá, who suffer great human pressure, proving thus the techniques of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) as effective tools for monitoring phenomena occurred in urban areas of great complexity. The monitoring was done by object-based classification applied in orbital images Ikonos II and RapidEye, of high spatial resolution and, image processing, detection of objects, segmentation, classification and editing were developed through the eCognition and ArcGis softwares. To determine the statistical accuracy of the mapping of the land cover of the stretch of pipeline in Maua, the results were analyzed by error matrix... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Concepção e implementação de um serviço baseado em localização na plataforma ANDROID/GOOGLE

The mobile application proposed in this undergraduate project, classified as a Location-Based Service and named Traveller, was developed to support users of mobile phones equipped with GPS in unknown locations by providing information about weather, location of users and stores in urban areas. The mobile devices whose this project is intended are those equipped with Android. The programming language Java was selected and the Eclipse development environment was used along with the toolkit for developing Android (ADT - Android Development Tools)

Zoneamento acústico urbano e mapeamento de níveis sonoros na zona central de Rio Claro (SP): diretrizes para o gerenciamento do ruído integrado ao planejamento ambiental urbano

Considering the growing degradation of the urban environmental quality resulting from the progressive sound pollution increase, as well as the consequent harmful effects about the human health, the present study had its central objective the argument and management tools implementation of the urban noise that can be integrated to the environmental planning in the city of Rio Claro (SP). Therefore, normative and bibliographical revisions were developed, that made feasible the directives of control argument and prevention of the urban noise, as well as the technical procedures of sound levels and evaluation’s definition and especially about the criteria applicable for the elaboration of an urban acoustic zoning methodology. Among the main results obtained detach: (1) the applicable legislation to the management of urban noise’s synthesis and argument; (2) the methodology of urban acoustic zoning development and (3) its implementation to determined areas of Rio Claro (SP) with the (4) respective cartography representation; (5) the mapping of sound levels in the central zone of Rio Claro (SP), (6) the obtaining and analysis of noise describers (LAeq, Lmáx, L10, L50, L90, Lmin and TNI) and the subsequent (7) acoustic maps elaboration for the main describers.

Avaliação das taxas de erosão química e física na bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão Jacutinga (SP)

Currently with the growing technological advancement and global, new areas are being devastated, and as a result, the erosion became more frequent causing loss of soil, infiltration capacity of the surface and weathering of rocks. In this way, environmental studies are increasingly frequent to understand the environment in which we live, but also to avoid any degradation of the same and of finite natural resources, which are essential for human life. From this, this work has as main goal, analyzing the rates of chemical and mechanical erosive watershed of Ribeirão Jacutinga, at its mouth, in the city of Rio Claro, supporting environmental studies and sustainable development today. Order to reach these values were measured and total dissolved solids in suspension in the stream during the months from January to July 2012. As results included higher rates of both physical and chemical weathering in the rainy months, especially january

A questão do desenvolvimento: um estudo de abordagens recentes

This paper examines different ways to perceive and understand the development. More precisely, it seeks to do so by authors who have alternative views about the economic variables as a development objective. The study deals with three different approaches, emphasizing the instruments and the public policy objectives of development that they propose. To do so, relies on original texts of important authors who have recently contributed to the production of different concepts related to the topic. Also use authors who comment them or clarify aspects of their approaches, as well as indexes and maps that show the important aspect of measurement present of these approaches. More specifically, the authors are Ha-Joon Chang, to highlight the important role of the state and history, Amartya Sen, to extend the concept of development and, finally, Herman Daly, to show the importance, increasingly the subject of environmental problems and sustainable development. Each chapter focuses on a recently published work of these authors that represents a major review of its aspects

População e áreas de risco: o caso das inundações na área central de São José do Rio Preto-SP

The problem of flooding in urban areas exist in many cities and their causes are as varied as the areas of occupancy or Valley weatherproofing Fund areas of infiltration in the drainage basin. The anthropic activity come triggering changes and impacts on the environment for a long time, and there is a growing need to come up with solutions and strategies that minimize and reverse the effects caused these risk areas. Thus, the present work will address the case study in São José do Rio Preto-SP that is an exception, since the area that is considered of risk lies in the Centre, unlike most lying on the outskirts. This will also analyze the processes of urban expansion and the situations of social and environmental vulnerability, including their interrelations in urban scale. The physical study of the area will serve as an important basis for the work, but it will focus mainly on the population and the problems which this is being in hazardous areas. We will not join a single methodology, wharever, we will follow our knowledge to adapt what we feel that fits better, every time. The importance of this study is that in addition to identifying the problems which the local population suffers with floods, lists measures that minimize the environmental impacts arising through the fostering of public policies

A pegada ecológica: uma avaliação da metodologia através do estudo de caso da cidade de Rio Claro (SP)

Sociedades sustentáveis pressupõem o uso de recursos naturais na medida em que o limite de capacidade de suporte dos sistemas naturais não seja ultrapassado. Neste contexto, o uso de indicadores de sustentabilidade se coloca no importante papel de operacionalização do conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável. O método da Pegada Ecológica utiliza a conversão dos fluxos de matéria e energia utilizadas por uma população em áreas biologicamente produtivas para a provisão dos mesmos. No presente estudo, será feita uma aplicação deste método para a cidade de Rio Claro, contabilizando-se os principais itens e serviços consumidos pela população. Pretende-se inferir sobre a sustentabilidade na cidade, através da comparação entre a área apropriada para obtenção dos recursos consumidos e o próprio limite da área do município

Alternativas sustentáveis para a circulação urbana – estudo de caso: as cidades de Guaratinguetá e Lorena

La circulation urbaine dans les villes brésiliennes a été marquée par l'influence directe de l'automobile. Grâce aux possibilités découlant de l'automobile, les villes se développent de plus en plus désordonnées et exigent la création de nouveaux moyens pour maintenir le flux du trafic. Cependant, la création de nouvelles routes est venu de collaborer avec les embouteillages, parce que plus les routes ont été construites, plus elles ont généré le besoin de transport. La question du développement durable a commencé à être traités de 1987 et alors, les premières idées pour résoudre, entre autres, le problème de la circulation urbaine. Une des solutions suggérées par les études est l'utilisation de transports non-motorisés. Ainsi, le vélo est devenu le grand pari pour un transport plus durable. Au Brésil, le vélo est largement utilisé, mais n'est pas considéré comme un réel moyen de transport, qui conduit à de mauvais investissements et incitations. Par conséquent, des mesures sont nécessaires pour encourager le transport à vélo pour se obtenir, avec d'autres mesures, un transport plus durable. Enfin, l'étude de cas dans deux villes, Guaratinguetá et Lorena, montre l'influence de l'automobile dans la formation de ces deux villes, qui a fini par nuire les autres modes de transport qui auraient pu être mieux utilisés

Centro de educação, cultura e lazer

O presente Trabalho Final de Graduação apresenta um projeto que se baseou no programa oferecido pelo Centro Educacional Unificado – CEU, equipamento público criado em 2001 pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação da Prefeitura de São Paulo destinado a áreas periféricas da cidade de São Paulo. E também no programa oferecido pelo SESI – Serviço Social da Indústria, entidade de direito privado criado em 1946 pela CNI – Confederação Nacional da Indústria. Formulado para funcionar como um espaço de sociabilização da vida urbana e com o intuito de oferecer EDUCAÇÃO, CULTURA E LAZER para o desenvolvimento integral de crianças, jovens e adultos das comunidades do entorno. O programa desenvolvido para o CENTRO DE EDUCAÇÃO, CULTURA E LAZER, conta com um Bloco Cultural o qual apresenta espaços como: Biblioteca, Teatro, Refeitório, Administração, Salas de atividades diversas e a Creche; o Bloco Educacional Abriga um Centro de Educação Infantil (CEI), uma Escola Municipal de Educação Infantil (EMEI), uma Escola Municipal de Ensino Fundamental (EMEF) e Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). E por fim, uma Praça de Esporte e Lazer equipada com Ginásio Poliesportivo coberto, quadras descobertas, piscinas e playground, sendo estes espaços abertos aos finais de semana com a finalidade de proporcionar opções de recreação em beneficio de toda comunidade. A escolha do local para a implantação deste projeto foi a cidade de Ribeirão Preto (localizada a nordeste do Estado de São Paulo), no bairro Jardim Jamil Seme Cury, conjunto habitacional criado para receber moradores vindos de uma comunidade carente que se localizava no entorno do aeroporto Leite Lopes, o qual passa por discussões para a inserção de um Terminal Internacional de Cargas, e consequentemente necessita ampliar sua área de abrangência

Diagnóstico ambiental do município de Ipeúna: subsídios para o planejamento do turismo

This study sought to address the tourism system in its various strands, compared to socioeconomic and environmental issues. Contextualizing the theme of sustainable tourism, or ecotourism, the reality of the city of Ipeúna, there is the incipient state of efforts in this activity because, predominantly, its territory is occupied by the monoculture of cane sugar and pastures, which damages the maintenance of vegetation fragments, as well as degrading areas that often could take a value tour. Through environmental planning, was intended to raise major issues of interface tourism / environment in order to seek alternatives to the implementation and development of tourism in Ipeúna. As a result, it presents an environmental diagnosis of the study area through which to assess the current status of tourist attractions in relation to environmental and socio-economic dynamics of the city.