Desenvolvimento de um modelo de gestão do conhecimento para a melhoria do processo de desenvolvimento de produtos

The knowledge management has received major attention from product designers because many of the activities within this process have to be creative and, therefore, they depend basically on the knowledge of the people who are involved in the process. Moreover, Product Development Process (PDP) is one of the activities in which knowledge management manifests in the most critical form once it had the intense application of the knowledge. As a consequence, this thesis analyzes the knowledge management aiming to improve the PDP and it also proposes a theoretical model of knowledge management. This model uses five steps (creation, maintenance, dissemination, utilization and discard) through the verification of the occurrence of four types of knowledge conversion (socialization, externalization, combination and internalization) that it will improve the knowledge management in this process. The intellectual capital in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) managed efficiently and with the participation of all employees has become the mechanism of the creation and transference processes of knowledge, supporting and, consequently, improving the PDP. The expected results are an effective and efficient application of the proposed model for the creation of the knowledge base within an organization (organizational memory) aiming a better performance of the PDP. In this way, it was carried out an extensive analysis of the knowledge management (instrument of qualitative and subjective evaluation) within the Design department of a Brazilian company (SEBRAE/RN). This analysis aimed to know the state-of-the-art of the Design department regarding the use of knowledge management. This step was important in order to evaluate in the level of the evolution of the department related to the practical use of knowledge management before implementing the proposed theoretical model and its methodology. At the end of this work, based on the results of the diagnosis, a knowledge management system is suggested to facilitate the knowledge sharing within the organization, in order words, the Design department

Qualidade em serviços de saúde: uma contribuição à definição de um modelo paramétrico e padrão de qualidade do tempo agendado para consulta ambulatorial

The knowledge management has received major attention from product designers because many of the activities within this process have to be creative and, therefore, they depend basically on the knowledge of the people who are involved in the process. Moreover, Product Development Process (PDP) is one of the activities in which knowledge management manifests in the most critical form once it had the intense application of the knowledge. As a consequence, this thesis analyzes the knowledge management aiming to improve the PDP and it also proposes a theoretical model of knowledge management. This model uses five steps (creation, maintenance, dissemination, utilization and discard) through the verification of the occurrence of four types of knowledge conversion (socialization, externalization, combination and internalization) that it will improve the knowledge management in this process. The intellectual capital in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) managed efficiently and with the participation of all employees has become the mechanism of the creation and transference processes of knowledge, supporting and, consequently, improving the PDP. The expected results are an effective and efficient application of the proposed model for the creation of the knowledge base within an organization (organizational memory) aiming a better performance of the PDP. In this way, it was carried out an extensive analysis of the knowledge management (instrument of qualitative and subjective evaluation) within the Design department of a Brazilian company (SEBRAE/RN). This analysis aimed to know the state-of-the-art of the Design department regarding the use of knowledge management. This step was important in order to evaluate in the level of the evolution of the department related to the practical use of knowledge management before implementing the proposed theoretical model and its methodology. At the end of this work, based on the results of the diagnosis, a knowledge management system is suggested to facilitate the knowledge sharing within the organization, in order words, the Design department

Distribuição de cladóceros planctônicos (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) em um reservatório eutrófico raso (Paraná, Brasil)

This study focused the spatial and temporal distribution of the composition, abundance, and diversity of planktonic cladocerans from eutrophic, Iraí Reservoir, as well as their relationships with some biotic and abiotic variables. The tested hypothesis was that cladocerans present higher variation in a temporal than in a spatial scale. The samples were taken monthly in 6 stations, from March/02 to July/03. Twenty-four taxa were identified, distributed in 7 families, the richest families being Daphniidae (6 spp.), Chydoridae (6 spp.), and Bosminidae (5 spp.). The most frequent and abundant species were Bosmina hagmanni, Moina minuta, and Ceriodaphnia cornuta. The highest abundances were found in September/2002. Temporally, rainfall influenced organism's distribution, while spatially cladocerans were more affected by reservoir hydrodynamics and wind action. The low species richness could be a reflection of the trophic state of the reservoir, in which a dominance of Cyanobacteria was observed during that study period. Both scales showed high variation, but only the temporal scale showed significant difference to richness and abundance. Nearby the end of this study, higher stable values of species richness were recorded, which could suggest an increase in the water quality due to des-pollutions actions.

Comparação entre um modelo teórico e o real, no investimento em construção de estradas de uso florestal, relacionado com o volume de madeira transportado

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Experiência interacional homem-processo saúde doença: A saúde inabalável e a materialidade da doença

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

Concepção e simulação de uma chaminé solar

The present work intends to study some fluid dynamic and heat transfer aspects of a solar chimney, aiming at a preliminary design of a facility. Some definitions and concepts of this system are presented. The simulation was performed based on a theoretical model validated with measurements of a prototype in Manzanares, Spain. Using the same theoretical model and some considerations, dimensions on a small scale are applied, making the model more interesting from its constructive aspect. The results show the behavior of the air velocity inside the chimney and illustrate some values of two preselected turbines. This technology looks promising in Brazilian territory due to high levels of solar radiation

Consideraciones críticas sobre el modelo de Alexander V. Chayanov

Este trabajo presenta un estado de la cuestión sobre la obra del economista ruso Alexander Chayanov y su crítica. El objetivo es analizar La organización de la unidad económica campesina (1924) desde una perspectiva que contemple tanto las intenciones del autor y la arquitectura de su obra como la crítica pasada y presente de sus lectores. Comenzando por los aspectos metodológicos, se propone revisar el modelo teórico básico y su funcionamiento real. Se entiende que el aislamiento del campesinado de su medio social más amplio es el método utilizado por el autor para construir un modelo conceptual de tipo puro. Sin embargo, su obra no se reduce a este objetivo. Al tratarse de una teoría práctica, Chayanov busca probar el funcionamiento real del modelo dejando caer los supuestos iniciales para insertar a los campesinos en el marco más amplio de la economía de mercado, introduciendo elementos ausentes en la simplificación inicial: la situación de mercado, los salarios y las inversiones de capital. El análisis conduce a sostener que la operación metodológica que el autor realiza para construir la teoría socava su capacidad explicativa. Se reflexiona, finalmente, sobre las virtudes y limitaciones de la obra desde una perspectiva histórica

Consideraciones críticas sobre el modelo de Alexander V. Chayanov

Este trabajo presenta un estado de la cuestión sobre la obra del economista ruso Alexander Chayanov y su crítica. El objetivo es analizar La organización de la unidad económica campesina (1924) desde una perspectiva que contemple tanto las intenciones del autor y la arquitectura de su obra como la crítica pasada y presente de sus lectores. Comenzando por los aspectos metodológicos, se propone revisar el modelo teórico básico y su funcionamiento real. Se entiende que el aislamiento del campesinado de su medio social más amplio es el método utilizado por el autor para construir un modelo conceptual de tipo puro. Sin embargo, su obra no se reduce a este objetivo. Al tratarse de una teoría práctica, Chayanov busca probar el funcionamiento real del modelo dejando caer los supuestos iniciales para insertar a los campesinos en el marco más amplio de la economía de mercado, introduciendo elementos ausentes en la simplificación inicial: la situación de mercado, los salarios y las inversiones de capital. El análisis conduce a sostener que la operación metodológica que el autor realiza para construir la teoría socava su capacidad explicativa. Se reflexiona, finalmente, sobre las virtudes y limitaciones de la obra desde una perspectiva histórica

Consideraciones críticas sobre el modelo de Alexander V. Chayanov

Este trabajo presenta un estado de la cuestión sobre la obra del economista ruso Alexander Chayanov y su crítica. El objetivo es analizar La organización de la unidad económica campesina (1924) desde una perspectiva que contemple tanto las intenciones del autor y la arquitectura de su obra como la crítica pasada y presente de sus lectores. Comenzando por los aspectos metodológicos, se propone revisar el modelo teórico básico y su funcionamiento real. Se entiende que el aislamiento del campesinado de su medio social más amplio es el método utilizado por el autor para construir un modelo conceptual de tipo puro. Sin embargo, su obra no se reduce a este objetivo. Al tratarse de una teoría práctica, Chayanov busca probar el funcionamiento real del modelo dejando caer los supuestos iniciales para insertar a los campesinos en el marco más amplio de la economía de mercado, introduciendo elementos ausentes en la simplificación inicial: la situación de mercado, los salarios y las inversiones de capital. El análisis conduce a sostener que la operación metodológica que el autor realiza para construir la teoría socava su capacidad explicativa. Se reflexiona, finalmente, sobre las virtudes y limitaciones de la obra desde una perspectiva histórica

REFLEXOS INDIVIDUAIS DO USO PESSOAL E EXCESSIVO DE COMUNICADORES INSTANTÂNEOS NO AMBIENTE DE TRABALHO

A Internet está inserida no cotidiano do indivíduo, e torna-se cada vez mais acessível por meio de diferentes tipos de dispositivos. Com isto, diversos estudos foram realizados com o intuito de avaliar os reflexos do seu uso excessivo na vida pessoal, acadêmica e profissional. Esta dissertação buscou identificar se a perda de concentração e o isolamento social são alguns dos reflexos individuais que o uso pessoal e excessivo de aplicativos de comunicação instantânea podem resultar no ambiente de trabalho. Entre as variáveis selecionadas para avaliar os aspectos do uso excessivo de comunicadores instantâneos tem-se a distração digital, o controle reduzido de impulso, o conforto social e a solidão. Através de uma abordagem de investigação quantitativa, utilizaram-se escalas aplicadas a uma amostra de 283 pessoas. Os dados foram analisados por meio de técnicas estatísticas multivariadas como a Análise Fatorial Exploratória e para auferir a relação entre as variáveis, a Regressão Linear Múltipla. Os resultados deste estudo confirmam que o uso excessivo de comunicadores instantâneos está positivamente relacionado com a perda de concentração, e a variável distração digital exerce uma influência maior do que o controle reduzido de impulso. De acordo com os resultados, não se podem afirmar que a solidão e o conforto social exercem relações com aumento do isolamento social, devido à ausência do relacionamento entre os construtos.

Sistemas de gestão integrados como indutor para a sustentabilidade: uma análise do impacto no desempenho das organizações baseado no Triple Bottom Line.

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o impacto dos Sistemas de Gestão Integrados (SGI) no desempenho organizacional sob a óptica do Triple Bottom Line (TBL), verificando se esta implementação auxilia a empresa a se tornar mais sustentável. A abordagem multi-método utilizada está dividida em três partes. A primeira compreende uma revisão sistemática da literatura, tendo como base a abordagem bibliométrica. A base de dados escolhida para a seleção dos artigos que compõem a amostra foi a ISI Web of Knowledge (Web of Science). As análises conduzidas sugerem lacunas na literatura a serem pesquisadas de modo a relacionar a integração dos sistemas de gestão como meio para as organizações tornarem-se mais sustentáveis, auxiliando assim na elaboração de um modelo teórico e das hipóteses de pesquisa. Os resultados parciais obtidos ressaltam a lacuna na literatura de estudos nessa área, principalmente que contemplem a dimensão social do Triple Bottom Line. Lacunas na literatura foram identificadas também no que se refere à análise do impacto da adoção dessas abordagens normativas no desempenho organizacional. A segunda etapa da metodologia é composta por estudos de casos múltiplos em empresas de diferentes setores e que tenham implantado sistemas de gestão de maneira integrada. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a certificação auxilia no desenvolvimento de ações sustentáveis, resultando em impactos econômicos, ambientais e sociais positivos. Nesta etapa, testou-se o modelo e as hipóteses levantadas na abordagem bibliométrica. A terceira etapa da metodologia é composta por análises estatísticas de dados secundários extraídos da revista Exame ?Maiores e Melhores\'. Os dados do ano de 2014 das empresas foram tratados por meio do software MINITAB 17 ®. Por meio do teste de mediana de mood, as amostras foram testadas e apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas para o desempenho das empresas em diferentes setores. De maneira geral, as empresas com SGI apresentam melhor desempenho econômico do que as demais. Com a mesma base de dados, utilizando o modelo de equações estruturais e o software Smart PLS 2.0, criou-se um diagrama de caminhos analisando os constructos (SGI) com variáveis de desempenho (Endividamento, Lucratividade, Patrimônio, Crescimento e Retorno). O modelo de equações estruturais testado apresentou força para a relação entre SGI com Endividamento, Lucratividade, Patrimônio e Crescimento. As diferentes metodologias apresentadas contribuíram para responder a hipótese e afirmar com base na amostra deste trabalho que o SGI leva as empresas a terem melhor desempenho econômico, ambiental e social (baseado no TBL).

Statistics of single-electron signals in electron-multiplying charge-coupled devices

Electron-multiplying charge coupled devices promise to revolutionize ultrasensitive optical imaging. The authors present a simple methodology allowing reliable measurement of camera characteristics and statistics of single-electron events, compare the measurements to a simple theoretical model, and report camera performance in a truly photon-counting regime that eliminates the excess noise related to fluctuations of the multiplication gain.

Vibration analysis of submerged rectangular microplates with distributed mass loading

This paper investigates the vibration characteristics of the coupling system of a microscale fluid-loaded rectangular isotropic plate attached to a uniformly distributed mass. Previous literature has, respectively, studied the changes in the plate vibration induced by an acoustic field or by the attached mass loading. This paper investigates the issue of involving these two types of loading simultaneously. Based on Lamb's assumption of the fluid-loaded structure and the Rayleigh–Ritz energy method, this paper presents an analytical solution for the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the coupling system. Numerical results for microplates with different types of boundary conditions have also been obtained and compared with experimental and numerical results from previous literature. The theoretical model and novel analytical solution are of particular interest in the design of microplate-based biosensing devices.

Fatores que influenciam a predisposição dos usuários em aderir a uma política de segurança da informação

The information constitutes one of the most valuable strategic assets for the organization. However, the organizational environment in which it is inserted is very complex and heterogeneous, making emerging issues relevant to the Governance of information technology (IT) and Information Security. Academic Studies and market surveys indicate that the origin of most accidents with the information assets is the behavior of people organization itself rather than external attacks. Taking as a basis the promotion of a culture of safety among users and ensuring the protection of information in their properties of confidentiality, integrity and availability, organizations must establish its Information Security Policy (PSI). This policy is to formalise the guidelines in relation to the security of corporate information resources, in order to avoid that the asset vulnerabilities are exploited by threats and can bring negative consequences to the business. But, for the PSI being effective, it is required that the user have readiness to accept and follow the procedures and safety standards. In the light of this context, the present study aims to investigate what are the motivators extrinsic and intrinsic that affect the willingness of the user to be in accordance with the organization's security policies. The theoretical framework addresses issues related to IT Governance, Information Security, Theory of deterrence, Motivation and Behavior Pro-social. It was created a theoretical model based on the studies of Herath and Rao (2009) and D'Arcy, Hovav and Galletta (2009) that are based on General Deterrence Theory and propose the following influencing factors in compliance with the Policy: Severity of Punishment, Certainty of Detection, Peer Behaviour, Normative Beliefs, Perceived Effectiveness and Moral Commitment. The research used a quantitative approach, descriptive. The data were collected through a questionnaire with 18 variables with a Likert scale of five points representing the influencing factors proposed by the theory. The sample was composed of 391 students entering the courses from the Center for Applied Social Sciences of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. For the data analysis, were adopted the techniques of Exploratory Factor Analysis, Analysis of Cluster hierarchical and nonhierarchical, Logistic Regression and Multiple Linear Regression. As main results, it is noteworthy that the factor severity of punishment is what contributes the most to the theoretical model and also influences the division of the sample between users more predisposed and less prone. As practical implication, the research model applied allows organizations to provide users less prone and, with them, to carry out actions of awareness and training directed and write Security Policies more effective.

Não-extensividade no contexto da atividade magnética solar: o problema da assimetria hemisférica

Solar activity indicators, each as sunspot numbers, sunspot area and flares, over the Sun’s photosphere are not considered to be symmetric between the northern and southern hemispheres of the Sun. This behavior is also known as the North-South Asymmetry of the different solar indices. Among the different conclusions obtained by several authors, we can point that the N-S asymmetry is a real and systematic phenomenon and is not due to random variability. In the present work, the probability distributions from the Marshall Space Flight Centre (MSFC) database are investigated using a statistical tool arises from well-known Non-Extensive Statistical Mechanics proposed by C. Tsallis in 1988. We present our results and discuss their physical implications with the help of theoretical model and observations. We obtained that there is a strong dependence between the nonextensive entropic parameter q and long-term solar variability presents in the sunspot area data. Among the most important results, we highlight that the asymmetry index q reveals the dominance of the North against the South. This behavior has been discussed and confirmed by several authors, but in no time they have given such behavior to a statistical model property. Thus, we conclude that this parameter can be considered as an effective measure for diagnosing long-term variations of solar dynamo. Finally, our dissertation opens a new approach for investigating time series in astrophysics from the perspective of non-extensivity.