899 resultados para Teste da natação forçada


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A transição do século XX para o século XXI trouxe consigo uma série de mudanças, em especial às organizações, que vivenciaram evoluções de ordem tecnológica impactantes em sua estrutura administrativa e econômica. As agências de publicidade, apesar de terem um enfoque voltado ao aspecto criativo, não deixam de ser organizações, e assim como as demais também vivenciam este ciclo de mudanças, que aparenta ser ininterrupto. A importância do planejamento estratégico e financeiro e do atendimento integrado aos clientes proporcionou às agências novas perspectivas de funcionamento, e nelas enquadram-se as fusões/aquisições. Agências internacionais optaram por participar do mercado publicitário brasileiro através de fusões/aquisições; estas ocorreram com agências de bastante expressão no mercado internacional, mas também com agências menos conhecidas, mas que demonstraram a realização de bons trabalhos no setor. Através deste estudo realizou-se uma análise a respeito do mercado de fusões e aquisições de agências de publicidade, em especial, sob a perspectiva financeira. Através da base de dados lançada no Software SPSS foi aplicado o Teste T. Constatou-se que as agências de publicidade no Brasil entre 1999 a 2009 não apresentaram diferenças de média em relação ao faturamento, independente de terem passado ou não pelo processo de fusão/aquisição. Este crescimento pouco representativo demonstra que as fusões/aquisições tendem a ocorrer por diversos motivos e não se restringem exclusivamente ao aspecto financeiro, a perspectiva de bom atendimento ao cliente, visando o planejamento estratégico no âmbito publicitário, tende a ser um deles.

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Introdução: A obesidade infantil apresenta incidência crescente e as possíveis comorbidades, como alteração da função respiratória, estão cada vez mais presente nessa faixa etária. O tecido adiposo impõe carga ao sistema respiratório o que leva a um padrão restritivo. Essa condição sofre alterações com as mudanças posturais, onde a gravidade influencia o padrão respiratório de acordo com o posicionamento adotado. Objetivo: Avaliar a distribuição dos volumes total e regional e o movimento tóracoabdominal de crianças e adolescentes que estão acima do peso nas posturas supino e sentado. Métodos: Cinqüenta e duas crianças/adolescentes (8-12 anos) divididas em três grupos: Grupo Obeso (GO=22); Grupo Sobrepeso (GSP=9); Grupo Controle (GC=21) foram avaliadas quanto às medidas antropométricas, teste de função pulmonar, exame das pressões respiratórias máxima e a pletismografia optoeletrônica em duas posturas, supino e sentado, durante a respiração tranquila. Resultados: As crianças que estão obesas apresentaram maiores valores em relação ao GSP e GC das seguintes variáveis espirométricas: volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (VEF1) (p<0.05) e capacidade vital forçada (CVF) (p<0.01). No exame de manovacuometria o GO apresentou um aumento na pressão inspiratória máxima (PImáx) (p<0.01) em comparação com os outros grupos. Quanto à distribuição do volume corrente, o GO possui uma maior contribuição do compartimento abdominal (AB) na postura supina (p<0.05) em relação ao GC e GSP, enquanto que na postura sentada os grupos não diferiram em relação à distribuição dos volumes. O GO apresentou maior assincronia na postura supina (p<0.05) e maior velocidade de encurtamento (p<0.05) em relação os outros grupos. Conclusão: A obesidade em crianças/adolescentes não provoca prejuízos na função pulmonar, incrementa a força muscular inspiratória, aumenta a participação do compartimento AB e a assincronia no MTA na postura em supino, conclui-se que a postura supina associada à obesidade provoca aumento da sobrecarga do diafragma, desfavorecendo o desempenho do sistema respiratório.

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The role of steroids hormones on the behavior of vertebrates have been described as organizational and activational effects. These actions occur in different periods of the ontogenetic development as fetal, early post natal and during puberty (organizational effect) or modifying the expression of behavioral patterns during time life (activational effects). Studies on brain lateralization in hand use in human and non-human primates have shown that sexual hormones seems to participate in the process of handedness strength that begins in the puberal period and is stabilized at the adult age. The aim of this study was to investigate in adult male Callithrix jacchus if the strength of use of the hand in common marmoset adult male is stable (organizational effect) or androgens variations could affect its stability (activational effect). The preferential use of one hand in 14 common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus was studied in two contexts: (1) spontaneous holding food and directing the food to mouth (feeding episodes), and (2) forced reaching food tests where the animal have to reach the food through a hole within a cover plate with a central hole that allow the use of one hand only to reach the food. The records were made during 5 sessions/20 bouts each during baseline totalizing 100 episodes before two treatments. Firstly it was used GnRH antagonist: a single subcutaneous injection of 100µg de Cetrotide – acetate of cetrorrelix (Baxter Oncology GmbH, Germany) (n=10). Secondly, a single GnRH injection of 0.2mg of GnRH (Sigma – Aldrich) (n= 8) was used. After injections 20 successful attempts of hand use episodes was recorded in the 1st , 2 nd, 7th, 15th and 30 th days, totalizing in the whole period 100 episodes for each context, after both treatments. Fecal sampling to measure extracted fecal androgens was performed in all days of data collection across the length of the basal and during the experimental periods. Statistical analysis by mixed model, Tukey test to compare mean values after the two treatments, and Levene test to compare mean variance were used, all for p-value < 0.05. In basal phase 6 animals used preferentially the right hand, 5 the left and 3 were ambidextrous. Mean handedness index in basal phase were different from that after both treatment starting at 7th day. Mean variance of handedness index for spontaneous and forced activities does not differs before and after both treatments but the mean values for GnRH index were higher than that observed for its antagonist. These findings suggested that androgens have an activational effect on handedness in adult male C. jacchus

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

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Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by adipose tissue formation excess leading to an increase in body fat mass, of multifactorial origin, produced mainly by poor eating habits combined with a sedentary lifestyle. Data consider obesity as a serious disease that affects the world's population, ranking fifth in death rates. Faced with this situation, individuals seek, increasingly, means to lose weight with less physical effort and food. In 2009 and 2010 the drug liraglutide was lauched in order to reduce weight in individuals with diabetes mellitus type 2, thus avoiding the emergence of other diseases. The aggravating factor is that obese nondiabetic individuals are making use of this substance, even if its use is not authorized by ANVISA (Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency). Thus the objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of liraglutide for muscle or fat tissues and biochemical parameters in Swiss mice submitted to cafeteria diet and physical activity. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use - CEUA (nº003 Protocol / 2014). For this study 74 animals (Swiss mice) were used, divided as follows: in the initial phase of this study, we carried out a pilot study (n = 10) divided into a control group (PCON) (n = 5) and cafeteria group (PCAF) (n = 5), in order to evaluate a cafeteria diet which was both attractive to the animals and that could provide an increase in adipose tissue. After the induction of the diet, animals were euthanized and as a result, the animals in the PCAF group showed an intra-abdominal adiposity 0.74 ± 0.05 g, taken as the parameter for increasing fat in animals. Subsequently the study base was conducted for this research where animals were used (n = 64) divided into 2 groups: the Cafeteria Study Base Group (EBCAF) divided as follows: cafeteria + exercise + liraglutide (CEL) (n = 8), cafeteria + exercise + saline (CES) (n = 8), cafeteria + liraglutide (CL) (n = 8) and cafeteria + saline (CS) (n = 8). The Chow Study Base group (EBR) was divided into: exercise + liraglutide (EL) (n = 8), exercise + saline + (ES) (n = 8), liraglutide (L) (n = 8) and saline solution (SS) (n = 8). All animals went through the submission process to the cafeteria diet, followed by exercise protocol through swimming and treatment with the test substance intraperitoneally (200 mg / mL / kg). After the treatments, the animals were euthanized and had the following parameters evaluated: the muscle tissue mass, adipose tissue mass and biochemical parameters. It was observed that the processing done with the exercise-associated liraglutide reduced adipose tissue mass significantly (0.32 ± 0.05 g) compared to the saline group (0.53 ± 0.07 g). There were no changes in the muscle tissue of the group which was treated and exercised (1.39 ± 0.03 g) compared to the saline group (1.33 ± 0.03 g). Regarding biochemical parameters it was evident that there were changes in these parameters. Interesting to note that, although blood glucose values have been changed, the animals did not become diabetic. Thus, it appears that physical activity together with liraglutide is eficcient to the loss of intraabdominal adipose tissue and the maintenance of lean body mass thereby generating a satisfactory result in the pursuit of quality of life and disease prevention.

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Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by adipose tissue formation excess leading to an increase in body fat mass, of multifactorial origin, produced mainly by poor eating habits combined with a sedentary lifestyle. Data consider obesity as a serious disease that affects the world's population, ranking fifth in death rates. Faced with this situation, individuals seek, increasingly, means to lose weight with less physical effort and food. In 2009 and 2010 the drug liraglutide was lauched in order to reduce weight in individuals with diabetes mellitus type 2, thus avoiding the emergence of other diseases. The aggravating factor is that obese nondiabetic individuals are making use of this substance, even if its use is not authorized by ANVISA (Brazilian Health Surveillance Agency). Thus the objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of liraglutide for muscle or fat tissues and biochemical parameters in Swiss mice submitted to cafeteria diet and physical activity. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use - CEUA (nº003 Protocol / 2014). For this study 74 animals (Swiss mice) were used, divided as follows: in the initial phase of this study, we carried out a pilot study (n = 10) divided into a control group (PCON) (n = 5) and cafeteria group (PCAF) (n = 5), in order to evaluate a cafeteria diet which was both attractive to the animals and that could provide an increase in adipose tissue. After the induction of the diet, animals were euthanized and as a result, the animals in the PCAF group showed an intra-abdominal adiposity 0.74 ± 0.05 g, taken as the parameter for increasing fat in animals. Subsequently the study base was conducted for this research where animals were used (n = 64) divided into 2 groups: the Cafeteria Study Base Group (EBCAF) divided as follows: cafeteria + exercise + liraglutide (CEL) (n = 8), cafeteria + exercise + saline (CES) (n = 8), cafeteria + liraglutide (CL) (n = 8) and cafeteria + saline (CS) (n = 8). The Chow Study Base group (EBR) was divided into: exercise + liraglutide (EL) (n = 8), exercise + saline + (ES) (n = 8), liraglutide (L) (n = 8) and saline solution (SS) (n = 8). All animals went through the submission process to the cafeteria diet, followed by exercise protocol through swimming and treatment with the test substance intraperitoneally (200 mg / mL / kg). After the treatments, the animals were euthanized and had the following parameters evaluated: the muscle tissue mass, adipose tissue mass and biochemical parameters. It was observed that the processing done with the exercise-associated liraglutide reduced adipose tissue mass significantly (0.32 ± 0.05 g) compared to the saline group (0.53 ± 0.07 g). There were no changes in the muscle tissue of the group which was treated and exercised (1.39 ± 0.03 g) compared to the saline group (1.33 ± 0.03 g). Regarding biochemical parameters it was evident that there were changes in these parameters. Interesting to note that, although blood glucose values have been changed, the animals did not become diabetic. Thus, it appears that physical activity together with liraglutide is eficcient to the loss of intraabdominal adipose tissue and the maintenance of lean body mass thereby generating a satisfactory result in the pursuit of quality of life and disease prevention.

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This work presents an experimental investigation of thermal hydraulic performance of the nanofluid composed by graphene nanoparticles dispersed in a mixture of water and ethylene glycol at a ratio of 70:30% by volume. The tests were carried out under forced convection inside a circular tube with uniform heat flux on the wall for the laminar-turbulent transition regime. The mass flow rate ranged from 40 to 70 g/s corresponding to Reynolds numbers between 3000 and 7500. The heat flux was maintained constant at values of 11, 16 and 21 kW/m², as well as the inlet temperature of 15, 20 and 25°C. Three samples were produced with the nanofluid volumetric concentration of 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15%. Thermophysical properties were experimentaly measured for all samples that were critically compared and discussed with theoretical models most commonly used in the literature. Initially, experiments with distilled water confirmed the validity of the experimental equipment for the thermo-hydraulic tests. Therefore, nanofluid samples that showed the highest thermal conductivity, corresponding to the volumetric concentrations of 0.15% and 0.10%, were subjected to the tests. The thermal-hydraulic performance for both samples was unsatisfactory. The heat transfer coefficients for convection of nanofluids reduced 21% in average, for the sample with = 0.15% and 26% and for =0.10%. The pressure drop of the samples was higher than the base fluid. Finally, the pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient by convection of both samples were also compared to theoretical models. The models used for pressure drop showed an excellent agreement with experimental results, which is remarkable considering the transitional flow.

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A Vincristina (VCR) é um quimioterápico amplamente utilizado na clínica. Entre os efeitos colaterais descritos, devido a sua toxicidade, estao às alteraçoes do equilíbrio e na coordenaçao motora. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito do exercício aeróbico prévio (6 semanas de nataçao, 1h/dia, 5 dias/semana, sobrecarga de 5 do peso corporal) em aspectos comportamentais de ratos Wistar tratados com o quimioterápico Vincristina. A administraçao da Vincristina foi realizada com dose única semanal de 0,5mg/kg, durante duas semanas, com dose acumulada de 1mg/kg, via intraperitoneal. Um dia e 7 dias depois de cada dose os ratos foram avaliados com testes de equilíbrio (Rotarod), de exploraçao (Campo Aberto) e de força muscular (Grip-Test). Observou-se uma diminuiçao significativa do equilíbrio corporal e do comportamento exploratório nos ratos expostos à vincristina com proteçao significativa do exercício físico. Nao houve diminuiçao significativa da força muscular nos ratos tratados com VCR, porém o exercício por si só aumentou a força muscular e a distancia percorrida pelos ratos que fizeram nataçao. Portanto, o exercício físico mostrou-se protetor contra a perda de equilíbrio e diminuiçao da exploraçao observada nos ratos expostos ao quimioterápico

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A Vincristina (VCR) é um quimioterápico amplamente utilizado na clínica. Entre os efeitos colaterais descritos, devido a sua toxicidade, estao às alteraçoes do equilíbrio e na coordenaçao motora. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito do exercício aeróbico prévio (6 semanas de nataçao, 1h/dia, 5 dias/semana, sobrecarga de 5 do peso corporal) em aspectos comportamentais de ratos Wistar tratados com o quimioterápico Vincristina. A administraçao da Vincristina foi realizada com dose única semanal de 0,5mg/kg, durante duas semanas, com dose acumulada de 1mg/kg, via intraperitoneal. Um dia e 7 dias depois de cada dose os ratos foram avaliados com testes de equilíbrio (Rotarod), de exploraçao (Campo Aberto) e de força muscular (Grip-Test). Observou-se uma diminuiçao significativa do equilíbrio corporal e do comportamento exploratório nos ratos expostos à vincristina com proteçao significativa do exercício físico. Nao houve diminuiçao significativa da força muscular nos ratos tratados com VCR, porém o exercício por si só aumentou a força muscular e a distancia percorrida pelos ratos que fizeram nataçao. Portanto, o exercício físico mostrou-se protetor contra a perda de equilíbrio e diminuiçao da exploraçao observada nos ratos expostos ao quimioterápico

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A Vincristina (VCR) é um quimioterápico amplamente utilizado na clínica. Entre os efeitos colaterais descritos, devido a sua toxicidade, estao às alteraçoes do equilíbrio e na coordenaçao motora. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito do exercício aeróbico prévio (6 semanas de nataçao, 1h/dia, 5 dias/semana, sobrecarga de 5 do peso corporal) em aspectos comportamentais de ratos Wistar tratados com o quimioterápico Vincristina. A administraçao da Vincristina foi realizada com dose única semanal de 0,5mg/kg, durante duas semanas, com dose acumulada de 1mg/kg, via intraperitoneal. Um dia e 7 dias depois de cada dose os ratos foram avaliados com testes de equilíbrio (Rotarod), de exploraçao (Campo Aberto) e de força muscular (Grip-Test). Observou-se uma diminuiçao significativa do equilíbrio corporal e do comportamento exploratório nos ratos expostos à vincristina com proteçao significativa do exercício físico. Nao houve diminuiçao significativa da força muscular nos ratos tratados com VCR, porém o exercício por si só aumentou a força muscular e a distancia percorrida pelos ratos que fizeram nataçao. Portanto, o exercício físico mostrou-se protetor contra a perda de equilíbrio e diminuiçao da exploraçao observada nos ratos expostos ao quimioterápico

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ALVES, Janaína da Silva. Análise comparativa e teste empírico da validade dos modelos CAPM tradicional e condicional: o caso das ações da Petrobrás. Revista Ciências Administrativas, Fotaleza, v. 13, n. 1, p.147-157, ago. 2007.