A Home at School: Building Stronger Indigenous People through Cultural Resurgence in an Urban Ontario Public School Context.

In this thesis, I work through the educational narratives of young Aboriginal women and men as I explore the relationship between cultural programming and student engagement. My analysis is structured through a collaborative Indigenous research project. My overarching task is to explore how a cultural support program, the Native Youth Advancement with Education Hamilton (NYA WEH) Program, offered at Sir John A. Macdonald Secondary School, located in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, attempts to re-imagine Aboriginal education in ways that directly challenge the residential school legacy. In particular, I work to illuminate how particular forms of Aboriginal education are connected to the graduation rates of Aboriginal youth. I argue that the ways in which the NYA WEH Program navigates Native Studies curriculum, relationships, and notions of culture and tradition are significant to the engagement of Aboriginal youth. This research develops theoretical connections between the contemporary experience of Aboriginal social inequality and educational initiatives which attempt to reverse that legacy. By placing the NYA WEH Program narratives side-by-side with literature supporting Aboriginal education for Self-determination, I work to learn how to best support and encourage Aboriginal student engagement in secondary schools across Ontario.

Insights Into the Remembered Educational Experiences of Male Caribbean Immigrants to Canada: Literacy and Identity in the Canadian Classroom

Abstract Past research has addressed the issue of male underachievement in literacy as an issue of global concern. This qualitative study focused on one subgroup of males which the literature highlighted as most at risk of educational underachievement in the Canadian educational landscape: male Caribbean immigrants to Canada. The research questions that framed the study sought to gain insight into the educational experiences of this group of learners so that ways through which their literacy achievement as measured by academic performance and classroom engagement could be projected. New literacy studies view literacy as socioculturally bound in social, institutional, and cultural relationships (Gee 1996). Literacy can therefore be thought of as an extension of self that Lankshear and Knobel (2006) assert is always connected to social identities. Central to the research questions as a result of this perspective was the discovery of the ideologies of reading held by the participants and their connections to literacy practice. Supplementary questions delved into socially valued literacy practices and ways in which learners saw themselves as Black males reflected in the Canadian educational framework. In this qualitative study with an interview design, data were collected through individual semistructured interviews with the 4 participants and through a focus group session with all the participants. The findings depicted that identity, interests, and ideologies of reading all influenced the literacy practices and engagement of Caribbean males. The findings documented are valuable as they provide a fresh perspective surrounding the educational experiences of the male Caribbean learner and can present insights which can lead to enhanced academic engagement and improved student achievement for this group of learners.

Effects of social context on endocrine function and Zif268 expression in response to an acute stressor in adolescent and adult rats

There is a paucity of studies comparing social buffering in adolescents and adults, despite their marked differences in social behaviour. I investigated whether greater effects of social buffering on plasma corticosterone concentrations and expression of Zif268 in neural regions after an acute stressor would be found in adolescent compared with adult rats. Samples were obtained before and after one hour of isolation stress and after either one or three hours of recovery back in the colony with either a familiar or unfamiliar cage partner. Adolescent and adult rats did not differ in plasma concentrations of corticosterone at any time point. Corticosterone concentrations were higher after one hour isolation than at baseline (p < 0.001), and rats with a familiar partner during the recovery phase had lower corticosterone concentrations than did rats with an unfamiliar partner (p = 0.02). Zif268 immunoreactive cell counts were higher in the arcuate nucleus in both age groups after isolation (p = 0.007) and higher in the paraventricular nucleus of adolescents compared with adults during the recovery phase irrespective of partner familiarity. There was a significant decrease in immunoreactive cell counts after one hour isolation compared to baseline in the basolateral amygdala, central nucleus of the amygdala, and in the pyramidal layer of the hippocampus (all p < 0.05). An effect of partner familiarity on Zif268 immunoreactive cell counts was found in the granule layer of the dentate gyrus irrespective of age (higher in those with a familiar partner, p = 0.03) and in the medial prefrontal cortex in adolescents (higher with an unfamiliar partner, p = 0.02). Overall, the acute stress and partner familiarity produced a similar pattern of results in adolescents and adults, with both age groups sensitive to the social context.

Pelham Cares Inc. fonds, 1980-2015

The beginnings of Pelham Cares occurred in 1982 when the Mayor of Pelham, Eric Bergenstein, received a letter from Janet Hassall, a social worker with Niagara Regional Home Care. Hassall requested that a Social Service Committee be established in Pelham to address gaps in community services, a practice that several other communities in the Region had adopted. Such committees were commonly composed of church parishioners, so Bergenstein contacted Canon J. Nowe of the Holy Trinity Anglican Church, who expressed an interest in participating in such a committee. Bergenstein arranged a meeting in June, 1982 at the United Church Hall in Fonthill, for any interested parties to learn more about the existing Social Service Committees in the Region. The meeting was not part of a Town Council project, but rather an initiative undertaken by Mayor Bergenstein in a personal capacity. Subsequent meetings chaired by Eric Bergenstein were held throughout the remainder of that year, during which the name of Pelham Cares was decided, a steering committee established, and services to be offered were determined. These initially included “visits with the lonely, the shut-ins, at home, hospital or on an outing ; run errands for those who are “stuck”; step in, in emergencies, or regularly, to free a parent or spouse who can’t otherwise get a “break”; in emergencies, provide food, clothing, furniture, medicine and other necessities”. The first official meeting of Pelham Cares occurred in January 1983. Currently, the main services offered by Pelham Cares are a food bank; transportation services to medical appointments; and sponsorship programs to allow youth with limited financial means to participate in sports, recreational and educational activities. The organization also provides emergency food, supplies or short term accommodation due to fire or other catastrophic loss, as well as providing referrals to appropriate organizations or agencies. Pelham Cares is dependent on the funding from community partners such as service clubs, citizens, local businesses, financial institutions and churches. These services are provided by volunteers and one part-time employee. A permanent location for Pelham Cares was established in 2014 with the purchase of a property on Highway 20 East in Fonthill, after a 30 years search for a permanent facility.

Supporting social-cognitive development in the elementary years: The role of executive function and self-regulation

Every day we make decisions that have repercussions. Sometimes the effects are immediate and intended; other times the effects might be unintended or might not be apparent for years. As parents or educators, part of our role is to support the development of children’s decision-making skills, helping them to develop patterns of adaptive decision-making that will serve them well in their current lives and into the future. Part of successful decision-making involves self-control, a system served by the brain’s executive functions (EF). This involves the ability to put aside immediate reactions and base decisions on a variety of important considerations. Social-cognitive development, the ongoing improvement of the ability to get along with others and to understand others’ emotions, expressions, motivations, and intents, relies, to a large degree, on the same EF systems. The current paper explores the interaction of these two factors (the role of EF in social-cognitive development), explores the research to determine the most effective approaches to improving both factors, and develops a handbook providing activities for educators to use while supporting the growth of both EF and social-cognitive skills. Results of a needs assessment reveal that the majority (59%) of educators surveyed had never used a social skills improvement program in their classrooms, while a full 95% believed that social skills are important or very important for a student’s academic success.

Facteurs associés à l’implantation d’un programme de formation interprofessionnelle au sein d’un Centre de santé et de services sociaux au Québec

INTRODUCTION: La collaboration interprofessionnelle a émergé comme étant l’un des aspects essentiels à consolider pour améliorer l’organisation de la première ligne de soins et assurer un accès adéquat aux ressources disponibles. Pour favoriser l’accroissement de la collaboration interprofessionnelle, il est suggéré que les professionnels des sciences de la santé soient formés en interdisciplinarité, particulièrement à l’occasion des stages cliniques. OBJECTIFS: Ce projet vise à mesurer le degré d’implantation du programme de formation interprofessionnelle (PFI) du Centre de santé et de services sociaux (CSSS) à l’étude comparativement au modèle proposé initialement. De plus, ce projet vise à comprendre comment les facteurs systémiques, les facteurs organisationnels et les caractéristiques du programme de formation mis en place influencent l’implantation du PFI. MÉTHODOLOGIE : Il s’agit d’une étude de cas unique effectuée au sein d’un CSSS situé dans la grande région de Montréal au Québec, Canada. Les données ont été recueillies à l’aide de 11 entrevues semi-dirigées qui ont été réalisées auprès de professionnels et administrateurs responsables de l’implantation du PFI et d’un étudiant en stage ayant participé au PFI. Une analyse des documents administratifs et cliniques écrits concernant l’implantation du PFI a également été effectuée. RÉSULTATS : L’implantation du PFI est toujours en évolution comme le traduit la présence des différentes composantes définissant la mise en œuvre du PFI qui est de moyenne à élevée et l’intensité des différentes composantes qui est généralement faible. Les facteurs systémiques, les facteurs organisationnels et les caractéristiques du programme de formation mis en place influencent l’implantation du PFI en milieu clinique et il existe des interrelations entre ces différents facteurs. L’analyse des facteurs influençant l’implantation d’un PFI en milieu clinique doit également s'attarder aux différents facteurs influençant le développement des pratiques collaboratives dans ce milieu.

Proposition théorique constructiviste du développement de la compétence culturelle infirmière

Dans un contexte de mondialisation, les frontières géographiques et politiques se font de plus en plus diffuses et donnent lieu à un mélange des cultures tant au niveau local qu'international. Ce pluralisme culturel observé dans la population se transpose dans les milieux de soins, amenant son lot d'enjeux et de défis pour la pratique et la formation infirmière. Le développement de la compétence culturelle chez les professionnels de la santé est considéré comme l'une des solutions favorisant la qualité et l'équité dans les soins en contexte de diversité culturelle. La compétence culturelle fait l'objet de nombreux articles scientifiques en sciences infirmières, mais bon nombre d'entre eux sont issus d'une perspective essentialiste. À notre connaissance, aucune étude ne permet de représenter la trajectoire de développement de cette compétence sur un continuum intégrant des apprentissages réalisés à la fois chez des étudiantes et des infirmières selon une perspective constructiviste. Cette étude vise donc à formuler une proposition théorique constructiviste du développement de la compétence culturelle infirmière. L'approche de théorisation ancrée de Corbin et Strauss (2008) a permis de documenter le processus de développement de la compétence culturelle chez des infirmières et des étudiantes dans un Centre de santé et de services sociaux desservant une population qui présente une grande diversité culturelle. Une stratégie d'échantillonnage intentionnel a permis de recruter des infirmières identifiées par leurs pairs comme étant expertes du domaine des soins en contexte de diversité culturelle, des infirmières se disant intéressées par une pratique culturellement compétente et des étudiantes en dernière année d'un programme de baccalauréat en sciences infirmières. Un total de 24 participantes, dont 13 infirmières et 11 étudiantes ont pris part à cette étude. Un questionnaire sociodémographique, des périodes d'observation participante et des entrevues semi-structurées ont servi d'outils de collecte des données. La catégorie centrale « apprendre à réunir les différentes réalités afin d'offrir des soins efficaces en contexte de diversité culturelle » a été construite à partir d'une analyse inductive des données. Cette catégorie centrale se divise en trois sous-catégories : « construire la relation avec l'autre », « sortir du cadre habituel de pratique » et « réinventer sa pratique dans l'action ». La proposition théorique formulée présente l'évolution concomitante de ces trois sous-catégories en trois niveaux de développement de la compétence culturelle infirmière : « s'ouvrir aux différentes réalités entourant la pratique en contexte de diversité culturelle », « mettre à l'épreuve sa pratique » et « réunir les différentes réalités de la pratique en contexte de diversité culturelle de façon intégrée ». La proposition théorique constructiviste est ancrée dans les données empiriques, circonscrit des étapes de développement interreliées et met en contexte les apprentissages du début du développement de la compétence culturelle à l'expertise. Les éléments contextuels précisés suggèrent l'ajout des dimensions sociales et politiques dans la définition du concept de compétence culturelle. Les deux principales contributions théoriques de cette étude soulignent que l'interaction entre l'infirmière et l'environnement de même que l'expérience clinique sont constitutifs du développement de cette compétence. Les retombées de cette recherche se situent non seulement en formation, mais aussi dans la pratique, la gestion et la recherche en sciences infirmières.

User Profile Management and Selection in Context-Aware Service Platforms for Networks Beyond 3G

In recent years, progress in the area of mobile telecommunications has changed our way of life, in the private as well as the business domain. Mobile and wireless networks have ever increasing bit rates, mobile network operators provide more and more services, and at the same time costs for the usage of mobile services and bit rates are decreasing. However, mobile services today still lack functions that seamlessly integrate into users’ everyday life. That is, service attributes such as context-awareness and personalisation are often either proprietary, limited or not available at all. In order to overcome this deficiency, telecommunications companies are heavily engaged in the research and development of service platforms for networks beyond 3G for the provisioning of innovative mobile services. These service platforms are to support such service attributes. Service platforms are to provide basic service-independent functions such as billing, identity management, context management, user profile management, etc. Instead of developing own solutions, developers of end-user services such as innovative messaging services or location-based services can utilise the platform-side functions for their own purposes. In doing so, the platform-side support for such functions takes away complexity, development time and development costs from service developers. Context-awareness and personalisation are two of the most important aspects of service platforms in telecommunications environments. The combination of context-awareness and personalisation features can also be described as situation-dependent personalisation of services. The support for this feature requires several processing steps. The focus of this doctoral thesis is on the processing step, in which the user’s current context is matched against situation-dependent user preferences to find the matching user preferences for the current user’s situation. However, to achieve this, a user profile management system and corresponding functionality is required. These parts are also covered by this thesis. Altogether, this thesis provides the following contributions: The first part of the contribution is mainly architecture-oriented. First and foremost, we provide a user profile management system that addresses the specific requirements of service platforms in telecommunications environments. In particular, the user profile management system has to deal with situation-specific user preferences and with user information for various services. In order to structure the user information, we also propose a user profile structure and the corresponding user profile ontology as part of an ontology infrastructure in a service platform. The second part of the contribution is the selection mechanism for finding matching situation-dependent user preferences for the personalisation of services. This functionality is provided as a sub-module of the user profile management system. Contrary to existing solutions, our selection mechanism is based on ontology reasoning. This mechanism is evaluated in terms of runtime performance and in terms of supported functionality compared to other approaches. The results of the evaluation show the benefits and the drawbacks of ontology modelling and ontology reasoning in practical applications.

Political Education in Plural Societies: Using the Anti-Bias Approach to Challenge Oppression in Bombay and Berlin

This study addresses the effectivity of the Anti-Bias approach and training methodology as a pedagogical political strategy to challenge oppression among student groups in the cities of Bombay and Berlin. The Anti-Bias trainings conducted within the framework of this study also become the medium through which the perpetuation of oppressive structures by students within and outside the school is investigated. Empirical data from predominantly qualitative investigations in four secondary schools, two each in Bombay and Berlin, is studied and analysed on the basis of theoretical understandings of prejudice, discrimination and identity. This study builds on insights offered by previous research on prejudices and evaluations of anti-bias and diversity interventions, where the lack of sufficient research and thorough evaluations testing impact has been identified (Levy Paluck, 2006). The theoretical framework suggests that prejudices and discriminatory practices are learnt and performed by individuals over the years by way of pre-existing discourses, and that behaviour and practices can be unlearnt through a multi-step process. It proposes that the discursive practices of students contribute to the constitution of their viable selves and in the constitution of ‘others’. Drawing on this framework, the study demonstrates how student-subjects in Bombay and Berlin perpetuate oppressive discourses by performing their identities and performing identities onto ‘others’. Such performative constitution opens up the agency of the individual, disclosing the shifting and dynamic nature of identities. The Anti-Bias approach is posited as an alternative to oppressive discourses and a vehicle that encourages and assists the agency of individuals. The theoretical framework, which brings together a psychological approach to prejudice, a structural approach to discrimination and a poststructural approach to identity, facilitates the analysis of the perpetuation of dominant discourses by the students, as well as how they negotiate their way through familiar norms and discourses. Group discussions and interviews a year after the respective trainings serve to evaluate the agency of the students and the extent to which the training impacted on their perceptions, attitudes and behavioural practices. The study reveals the recurrence of the themes race, religion, gender and sexuality in the representational practices of the students groups in Berlin and Bombay. It demonstrates how students in this study not only perform, but also negotiate and resist oppressive structures. Of particular importance is the role of the school: When schools offer no spaces for discussion, debate and action on contemporary social issues, learning can neither be put into practice nor take on a positive, transformative form. In such cases, agency and resistance is limited and interventionist actions yield little. This study reports the potential of the Anti-Bias approach and training as a tool of political education and action in education. It demonstrates that a single training can initiate change but sustaining change requires long-term strategies and on-going actions. Taking a poststructural perspective, it makes concrete suggestions to adapt and alter the Anti-Bias approach and the implementation of Anti-Bias trainings.

Bias in the Social Web

Abstract A frequent assumption in Social Media is that its open nature leads to a representative view of the world. In this talk we want to consider bias occurring in the Social Web. We will consider a case study of liquid feedback, a direct democracy platform of the German pirate party as well as models of (non-)discriminating systems. As a conclusion of this talk we stipulate the need of Social Media systems to bias their working according to social norms and to publish the bias they introduce. Speaker Biography: Prof Steffen Staab Steffen studied in Erlangen (Germany), Philadelphia (USA) and Freiburg (Germany) computer science and computational linguistics. Afterwards he worked as researcher at Uni. Stuttgart/Fraunhofer and Univ. Karlsruhe, before he became professor in Koblenz (Germany). Since March 2015 he also holds a chair for Web and Computer Science at Univ. of Southampton sharing his time between here and Koblenz. In his research career he has managed to avoid almost all good advice that he now gives to his team members. Such advise includes focusing on research (vs. company) or concentrating on only one or two research areas (vs. considering ontologies, semantic web, social web, data engineering, text mining, peer-to-peer, multimedia, HCI, services, software modelling and programming and some more). Though, actually, improving how we understand and use text and data is a good common denominator for a lot of Steffen's professional activities.

La relación entre los conceptos de relación estratégica comunitaria de las organizaciones con las comunidades y la responsabilidad social

Para maximizar los beneficios, una compañía fundamenta sus acciones en ciertas estrategias que ayudan a cumplir su objetivo de generar utilidades. Entre las diferentes acciones que una organización puede utilizar, están las de responsabilidad social y las de relaciones estratégicas con la comunidad. Partiendo de la definición de comunidad, pasando por una descripción de responsabilidad social y sus diferentes formas de aplicabilidad dentro de una empresa, hasta la definición de relación estratégica con la comunidad; esta investigación dirige sus esfuerzos a determinar el vínculo que existe entre los conceptos de responsabilidad social y relación estratégica comunitaria. Adicionalmente, se plantea que otras estrategias de relacionamiento con clientes, como el mercadeo relacional o el CRM, las cuales enfocan sus esfuerzos en conocer a cada uno de los clientes de una compañía para plantear una oferta acorde a sus necesidades, no son muy efectivas a la hora de crear un vínculo emocional con la comunidad.

Herramienta para la gestión de convenios de docencia-servicio en Instituciones Prestadoras de Servicios de Salud

Los procesos de formación de profesionales de salud idóneos en el mundo, complementan su conocimiento entre dos componentes fundamentales, un componente teórico y el otro componente práctico. La formación que recibe en las aulas y la realización de las prácticas académicas a las cuales pueda acceder, le permite al estudiante trasformar el conocimiento académico adquirido en conocimiento cercano a la realidad y con fundamento profesional, razón por la cual las Instituciones Educativas tienen la responsabilidad de formar profesionales que sean capaces de desempeñarse en componentes sociales, administrativos y prácticos. Dentro de las ventajas que aporta la realización de las prácticas en la formación de los profesionales en salud se reconocen: la posibilidad de tener una visión de la responsabilidad del trabajo a la cual se van a ver enfrentados, desarrollar habilidades de interrelaciones sociales, incrementar su nivel de madurez, desarrollar e implementar estrategias de supervisión y así lograr el reconocimiento personal del nivel de confianza en su desempeño. Sin embargo también se puede convertir en un aspecto negativo si la práctica no se desarrolla de manera adecuada y si no logra tener una integración exitosa con el conocimiento teórico. Para el caso de la formación de talento humano en salud, el espacio utilizado para la realización de estas prácticas son las Instituciones Prestadoras de Servicios de Salud, deben ser lugares que les faciliten a los estudiantes encontrar una relación integral entre la formación teórica y su aplicación a la práctica profesional, de esta manera el estudiante podrá incrementar su preparación específica. Las prácticas académicas tienen interés en la formación de profesionales y representan un período donde el estudiante se convierte en sujeto entre la Institución Educativa y la Institución Prestadora. Es un espacio de inducción que le permite al estudiante realizar una evaluación de sí mismo y a la vez puede evaluar el entorno donde se va a desarrollar en su colectivo profesional. El objetivo de esta investigación es desarrollar una herramienta técnica que le permita a la Dirección facilitar la supervisión, el monitoreo y la evaluación de convenios de Docencia-Servicio en las Instituciones Prestadoras de Servicios de Salud, garantizando el respeto a los derechos de los usuarios, la calidad de los servicios prestados, la seguridad del paciente y la humanización de la atención, aspectos que no pueden ser afectados negativamente por el desarrollo de las prácticas académicas. Todas las actividades asistenciales que sean desarrolladas por estudiantes en la realización de su práctica profesional, deben ser realizadas bajo una estricta supervisión de docentes y de personal especializado responsable de la prestación del servicio, dando cumplimiento con el Sistema de Garantía de la Calidad del Sistema de Seguridad en Salud en Colombia.

Eficiencia de los sistema de salud en los países de América Latina y del Caribe desde el indicador de esperanza de vida al nacer para los años 1990 y 2012 frente al gasto total en salud como porcentaje del producto interno bruto para el año 1995 y 2012 “una oportunidad de brenchmarking para el sistema de protección social colombiano”

Para los países emergentes en América Latina y El Caribe se hace necesario determinar la eficiencia de su sistema de salud para generar beneficios a su población desde el indicador de esperanza de vida al nacer y los recursos que se hacen uso desde Colombia en comparación con sus homólogos. Se evidencia que a pesar de Colombia poseer una economía fuerte durante el análisis de los dos momentos se mantiene en la tendencia general de los demás países y con los mismos resultados del indicador. A su vez se concluye que el momento en que se tomaron las decisiones de cambio del sistema de salud es un factor diferenciador en los resultados obtenidos como fue el caso de Costa Rica identificado con el de mejor desempeño en la relación Indicador de esperanza de vida al nacer y Porcentaje de gasto en salud como parte del Producto interno bruto.

La dimensión transnacional del movimiento feminista marroquí: génesis, desarrollo e impacto social (1980-2008)

Esta monografía busca explicar cómo han incidido el contexto internacional y las relaciones transnacionales en el movimiento feminista de Marruecos. De este modo, este estudio defiende que las Conferencias Mundiales sobre la Mujer de la ONU crearon una estructura de oportunidad política que favoreció el surgimiento y el desarrollo de este movimiento. Asimismo, dicho contexto construyó un espacio para que las activistas feministas marroquíes crearan y se insertaran en Redes de Defensa Transnacional, las cuales contribuyeron a cambiar la condición de la mujer en Marruecos, a través de reformas a los Códigos de Familia y Nacionalidad y el levantamiento de las reservas a la CEDAW. Para esto se hará un estudio interdisciplinario haciendo uso de la teoría de los movimientos sociales y del activismo transnacional. Igualmente, se utilizará una metodología cualitativa, principalmente a través de las herramientas del análisis de contenido y el trabajo de campo de la autora.

Teachers’ voices about being a teacher: comparative studies in England, Finland and Sweden

The aim of the article is to present and discuss a study in which Finnish, English and Swedish teachers and student teachers described the implications of being a teacher. It is cross-national and consists of multiple case studies. Data were collected through twenty-four focus group dialogues, and 110 teachers/student teachers participated in the study. According to the study, we have found that teachers and student teachers in all three countries promoted pupils’ development of critical thinking, which is another way of saying that they focused on ‘the attitudes and values’ aspect of citizenship education; however, this was most evident in the Finnish and the Swedish focus groups. In England there is a subject emphasis to the professional role, the three countries ranked the topics (the pupils; the subject; the organization; the society; teacher identity; parents) equally, in Finland the teacher role did not appear to be as post modern as in the two other countries.