Implementation of a lean six sigma project in a production line

Companies from the motorcycles components branch are dealing with a dynamic environment, resulting from the introduction of new products and the increase of market demand. This dynamic environment requires frequent changes in production lines and requires flexibility in the processes, which can cause reductions in the level of quality and productivity. This paper presents a Lean Six Sigma improvement project performed in a production line of the company's machining sector, in order to eliminate losses that cause low productivity, affecting the fulfillment of the production plan and customer satisfaction. The use of Lean methodology following the DMAIC stages allowed analyzing the factors that influence the line productivity loss. The major problems and causes that contribute to a reduction on productivity and that were identified in this study are the lack of standardization in the setup activities and the excessive stoppages for adjustment of the processes that caused an increase of defects. Control charts, Pareto analysis and cause-and-effect diagrams were used to analyze the problem. On the improvement stage, the changes were based on the reconfiguration of the line layout as well as the modernization of the process. Overall, the project justified an investment in new equipment, the defective product units were reduced by 84% and an increase of 29% of line capacity was noticed.

Aging and Alzheimer's disease: Searching for novel molecular cues

Tese de Doutoramento em Ciências da Saúde

Análise derivativa de dados hiperespectrais medidos em nível de campo e orbital para caracterizar a composição de águas opticamente complexas na Amazônia

A técnica de análise derivativa de dados espectrais foi usada para estudar a variação dos constituintes opticamente ativos (COAs) na água, por meio de dados de campo e de imagens do sensor orbital Hyperion/EO-1. A imagem Hyperion usada neste estudo foi adquirida no dia 23 de junho de 2005, no final do período de cheia. Uma campanha de campo foi realizada entre 23 e 29 de junho de 2005, para coletar dados espectrais e limnológicos in situ. A imagem foi pré-processada visando eliminar faixas de pixels anômalos e convertida de valores de radiância para reflectância de superfície, portanto, corrigidos dos efeitos de absorção e espalhamento atmosféricos. Uma análise da correlação foi realizada para examinar a associação da reflectância e de sua primeira derivada espectral com as concentrações dos COAs. Melhores resultados foram obtidos após a diferenciação dos espectros, o que ajudou a reduzir a influência de efeitos indesejáveis, provindos de diferentes fontes de radiância, sobre as medidas de reflectância da superfície da água realizadas em ambos os níveis de aquisição de dados. Por meio de ajustes de regressões empíricas, considerando o conjunto de dados Hyperion, a primeira derivada espectral em 711 nm explicou 86% da variação da concentração de sedimentos inorgânicos em suspensão (µg.l-1) e a primeira derivada espectral em 691 nm explicou 73% da variação na concentração da clorofila-alfa (µg.l-1). As relações de regressão foram não-lineares, pois, em geral, as águas que se misturam na planície de inundação Amazônica se tornam opticamente complexas. A técnica de análise derivativa hiperespectral demonstrou potenciais para mapear a composição dessas águas.

The effects of solvent composition on the affinity of a peptide towards hair keratin: experimental and molecular dynamics data

The study of the interaction between hair filaments and formulations or peptides is of utmost importance in fields like cosmetic research. Keratin intermediate filaments structure is not fully described, limiting the molecular dynamics (MD) studies in this field although its high potential to improve the area. We developed a computational model of a truncated protofibril, simulated its behavior in alcoholic based formulations and with one peptide. The simulations showed a strong interaction between the benzyl alcohol molecules of the formulations and the model, leading to the disorganization of the keratin chains, which regress with the removal of the alcohol molecules. This behavior can explain the increase of peptide uptake in hair shafts evidenced in fluorescence microscopy pictures. The model developed is valid to computationally reproduce the interaction between hair and alcoholic formulations and provide a robust base for new MD studies about hair properties. It is shown that the MD simulations can improve hair cosmetic research, improving the uptake of a compound of interest.

On line pre-concentration for simultaneous determination of low molecular weight organic acids and inorganic anions in Amazonian river water samples employing ion chromatography with conductivity detection

An ion chromatography procedure, employing an IonPac AC15 concentrator column was used to investigate on line preconcentration for the simultaneous determination of inorganic anions and organic acids in river water. Twelve organic acids and nine inorganic anions were separated without any interference from other compounds and carry-over problems between samples. The injection loop was replaced by a Dionex AC15 concentrator column. The proposed procedure employed an auto-sampler that injected 1.5 ml of sample into a KOH mobile phase, generated by an Eluent Generator, at 1.5 mL min-1, which carried the sample to the chromatographic columns (one guard column, model AG-15, and one analytical column, model AS15, with 250 x 4mm i.d.). The gradient elution concentrations consisted of a 10.0 mmol l-1 KOH solution from 0 to 6.5 min, gradually increased to 45.0 mmol l-1 KOH at 21 min., and immediatelly returned and maintained at the initial concentrations until 24 min. of total run. The compounds were eluted and transported to an electro-conductivity detection cell that was attached to an electrochemical detector. The advantage of using concentrator column was the capability of performing routine simultaneous determinations for ions from 0.01 to 1.0 mg l-1 organic acids (acetate, propionic acid, formic acid, butyric acid, glycolic acid, pyruvate, tartaric acid, phthalic acid, methanesulfonic acid, valeric acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid, chlorate and citric acid) and 0.01 to 5.0 mg l-1 inorganic anions (fluoride, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, bromide, sulfate and phosphate), without extensive sample pretreatment and with an analysis time of only 24 minutes.

A Gß protein and the TupA Co-Regulator bind to protein kinase A Tpk2 to act as antagonistic molecular switches of fungal morphological changes

A Gß protein and the TupA Co-Regulator Bind to Protein Kinase A Tpk2 to Act as Antagonistic Molecular Switches of Fungal Morphological Changes

To be or not to be a pseudogene: a molecular epidemiological approach to the mclx genes and its impact in tuberculosis

Tuberculosis presents a myriad of symptoms, progression routes and propagation patterns not yet fully understood. Whereas for a long time research has focused solely on the patient immunity and overall susceptibility, it is nowadays widely accepted that the genetic diversity of its causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, plays a key role in this dynamic. This study focuses on a particular family of genes, the mclxs (Mycobacterium cyclase/LuxR-like genes), which codify for a particular and nearly mycobacterial-exclusive combination of protein domains. mclxs genes were found to be pseudogenized by frameshift-causing insertion(s)/deletion(s) in a considerable number of M. tuberculosis complex strains and clinical isolates. To discern the functional implications of the pseudogenization, we have analysed the pattern of frameshift-causing mutations in a group of M. tuberculosis isolates while taking into account their microbial-, patient- and disease-related traits. Our logistic regression-based analyses have revealed disparate effects associated with the transcriptional inactivation of two mclx genes. In fact, mclx2 (Rv1358) pseudogenization appears to be primarily driven by the microbial phylogenetic background, being mainly related to the Euro-American (EAm) lineage; on the other hand, mclx3 (Rv2488c) presents a higher tendency for pseudogenization among isolates from patients born on the Western Pacific area, and from isolates causing extra-pulmonary infections. These results contribute to the overall knowledge on the biology of M. tuberculosis infection, whereas at the same time launch the necessary basis for the functional assessment of these so far overlooked genes.

Widespread environmental contamination with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex revealed by a molecular detection protocol

Environmental contamination with Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) has been considered crucial for bovine tuberculosis persistence in multi-host-pathogen systems. However, MTC contamination has been difficult to detect due to methodological issues. In an attempt to overcome this limitation we developed an improved protocol for the detection of MTC DNA. MTC DNA concentration was estimated by the Most Probable Number (MPN) method. Making use of this protocol we showed that MTC contamination is widespread in different types of environmental samples from the Iberian Peninsula, which supports indirect transmission as a contributing mechanism for the maintenance of bovine tuberculosis in this multi-host-pathogen system. The proportion of MTC DNA positive samples was higher in the bovine tuberculosis-infected than in presumed negative area (0.32 and 0.18, respectively). Detection varied with the type of environmental sample and was more frequent in sediment from dams and less frequent in water also from dams (0.22 and 0.05, respectively). The proportion of MTC-positive samples was significantly higher in spring (p<0.001), but MTC DNA concentration per sample was higher in autumn and lower in summer. The average MTC DNA concentration in positive samples was 0.82 MPN/g (CI95 0.70-0.98 MPN/g). We were further able to amplify a DNA sequence specific of Mycobacterium bovis/caprae in 4 environmental samples from the bTB-infected area.

Redução de contaminações: um projeto de melhoria contínua em ambiente seis sigma

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial

Molecular regulation of flowering induction in Quercus suber

Dissertação de mestrado em Plant Molecular Biology, Biotechnology and Bioentrepeneurship

The influence of kaolin application on key metabolic pathways associated with grape berry quality: a molecular and biochemical analysis

Dissertação de mestrado em Biologia Molecular, Biotecnologia e Bioempreendedorismo em Plantas

Synthesis, antiangiogenesis evaluation and molecular docking studies of 1-Aryl-3-[(thieno[3,2-b]pyridin-7-ylthio)phenyl]ureas: Discovery of a new substitution pattern for type II VEGFR-2 Tyr kinase inhibitors

The synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 1-aryl-3-[2-, 3- or 4-(thieno[3,2-b]pyridin-7-ylthio)phenyl]ureas 3, 4 and 5 as VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors, are reported. The 1-aryl-3-[3-(thieno[3,2-b]pyridin-7-ylthio)phenyl]ureas 4a-4h, with the arylurea in the meta position to the thioether, showed the lowest IC50 values in enzymatic assays (10-206 nM), the most potent compounds 4d-4h (IC50 10-28 nM) bearing hydrophobic groups (Me, F, CF3 and Cl) in the terminal phenyl ring. A convincing rationalization was achieved for the highest potent compounds 4 as type II VEGFR-2 inhibitors, based on the simultaneous presence of: (1) the thioether linker and (2) the arylurea moiety in the meta position. For compounds 4, significant inhibition of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) proliferation (BrdU assay), migration (wound-healing assay) and tube formation were observed at low concentrations. These compounds have also shown to increase apoptosis using the TUNEL assay. Immunostaining for total and phosphorylated (active) VEGFR-2 was performed by Western blotting. The phosphorylation of the receptor was significantly inhibited at 1.0 and 2.5 microM for the most promising compounds. Altogether, these findings point to an antiangiogenic effect in HUVECs.

Study of grapevine solute transporters involved in berry quality. A biochemical and molecular approach

Tese de Doutoramento em Biologia de Plantas

A patogênese genética e molecular da síndrome de Angelman

Objetivo: Fornecer uma revisão atualizada em língua portuguesa sobre a síndrome de Angelman, com ênfase nos mecanismos genéticos e moleculares dessa patologia, uma causa de deficiência mental severa que em alguns casos pode apresentar recorrência familiar. Método: Foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica utilizando a base de dados do PubMed, tendo como critérios de busca o termo "Angelman syndrome" isoladamente e combinado com "UBE3A", "clinical", "genetics" e "molecular" no título dos artigos. Dentre esses, foram selecionados artigos de revisão e artigos originais sobre a fisiopatologia da síndrome, com ênfase nos últimos dez anos. Resultados: Utilizando-se "Angelman syndrome" na busca, apareceram cerca de 1.100 artigos, incluindo 240 de revisão. Nos últimos dez anos são mais de 600 artigos, aproximadamente 120 de revisão, 50% dos quais publicados nos últimos cinco anos. Na base de dados SciELO, são apenas nove artigos sobre a síndrome, dos quais três em português e nenhum artigo atual de revisão. Conclusão: Após ter sido uma das principais causas que atraíram atenção ao estudo e ao entendimento dos mecanismos do imprinting genômico, a síndrome de Angelman está agora se revelando como uma patologia das sinapses. Apesar de o entendimento da fisiopatologia molecular da síndrome de Angelman ainda estar longe de ser compreendida, seu estudo está fornecendo uma visão extraordinária sobre os mecanismos que regem a plasticidade sináptica, novamente atraindo a atenção de pesquisadores que trabalham na fronteira do conhecimento.