JDL-arrests and demonstrations at Russian Mission

General note: Title and date provided by Bettye Lane.

Development of a dissolvable microneedle influenza vaccine patch

Delivery of large molecular weight biological molecules to the epidermis and dermis is constrained by the tough outer layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum (sc). Microneedle technologies attempt to overcome this physical barrier using sharp micron-size projections to penetrate the sc. Dissolvable microneedles (DMN), are a particular microneedle design whereby the needle structure is composed of a soluble matrix that upon application to the skin, dissolves releasing the vaccine load into skin. This thesis examines (1) the formulation and processing considerations around DMN fabrication, (2) the immunogenicity of DMN containing trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) in pre-clinical mouse and pig models and (3) the thermostability of these DMN formulations during storage. The results demonstrate the importance of formulation for microneedle formation and mechanical strength. Trehalose and polyvinylalcohol based formulations produced optimal microneedle structures and were amenable to piezoelectric dispensing; allowing for precise multi-layered DMN to be fabricated. The effect of drying conditions was assessed and found to be critical for DMN mechanical strength and skin penetration. The antibody responses to TIV generated by DMN-mediated vaccination were comparable or greater to those induced by immunization with a commercial TIV via the IM route in mice. DMN mediated immunisation resulted in a significantly broader humoral response to heterotypic influenza viruses compared to IM delivery. Stored at 40°C, a licensed seasonal influenza vaccine incorporated into DMN array was thermostable for at least 6 month as determined by Single Radial Immunodiffusion and immunogenicity in mice. The thesis advances the field of DMN influenza vaccination by elucidating important processing and formulation considerations in the fabrication of highly reproducible DMN. It also demonstrated that DMN can induce broader, larger humoral responses than conventional IM administration while demonstrating enhanced accelerated stability. Crucially, this works advances an automated fabrication system that will allow for clinical translation of DMN.

Characteristics of samples obtained during Pokhodsk 2012-2013 campaigns in the joint Russian-German POLYGON Project

Polygonal tundra, thermokarst basins and pingos are common and characteristic periglacial features of arctic lowlands underlain by permafrost in Northeast Siberia. Modern polygonal mires are in the focus of biogeochemical, biological, pedological, and cryolithological research with special attention to their carbon stocks and greenhouse-gas fluxes, their biodiversity and their dynamics and functioning under past, present and future climate scenarios. Within the frame of the joint German-Russian DFG-RFBR project Polygons in tundra wetlands: state and dynamics under climate variability in Polar Regions (POLYGON) field studies of recent and of late Quaternary environmental dynamics were carried out in the Indigirka lowland and in the Kolyma River Delta in summer 2012 and summer 2013. Using a multidisciplinary approach, several types of polygons and thermokarst lakes were studied in different landscapes units in the Kolyma Delta in 2012 around the small fishing settlement Pokhodsk. The floral and faunal associations of polygonal tundra were described during the fieldwork. Ecological, hydrological, meteorological, limnological, pedological and cryological features were studied in order to evaluate modern and past environmental conditions and their essential controlling parameters. The ecological monitoring and collection program of polygonal ponds were undertaken as in 2011 in the Indigirka lowland by a former POLYGON expedition (Schirrmeister et al. [eds.] 2012). Exposures, pits and drill cores in the Kolyma Delta were studied to understand the cryolithological structures of frozen ground and to collect samples for detailed paleoenvironmental research of the late Quaternary past. Dendrochronological and ecological studies were carried out in the tree line zone south of the Kolyma Delta. Based on previous work in the Indigirka lowland in 2011 (Schirrmeister et al. [eds.] 2012), the environmental monitoring around the Kytalyk research station was continued until the end of August 2012. In addition, a classical exposure of the late Pleistocene permafrost at the Achchaygy Allaikha River near Chokurdakh was studied. The ecological studies near Pokhodsk were continued in 2013 (chapter 13). Other fieldwork took place at the Pokhodsk-Yedoma-Island in the northwestern part of the Kolyma Delta.

Tab. 1+2+3: Selected principal soil properties in the oil exploitation region of KomiArcticOil (Usinsk) in the Russian tundra

Oil polluted and not oil polluted soils (crude oil hydrocarbons contents: 20-92500 mg/kg dry soil mass) under natural grass and forest vegetation and in a bog in the Russian tundra were compared in their principal soil ecological parameters, the oil content and the microbial indicators. CFE biomass-C, dehydrogenase and arylsulfatase activity were enhanced with the occurrence of crude oil. Using these parameters for purposes of controlling remediation and recultivation success it is not possible to distinguish bctween promotion of microbial activity by oil carbon or soil organic carbon (SOC). For this reason we think that these parameters are not appropriate to indicate a soil damage by an oil impact. In contrast the metabolie quotient (qC02), calculated as the ratio between soil basal respiration and the SIR biomass-C was adequate to indicate a high crude oil contamination in soil. Also, the ß-glucosidase activity (parameter ß-GL/SOC) was correlated negatively with oil in soil. The indication of a soil damage by using the stress parameter qCO, or the specific enzyme activities (activity/SOC) minimizes the promotion effect of the recent SOC content on microbial parameters. Both biomass methods (SIR, CFE) have technical problems in application for crude oil-contaminated and subarctic soils. CFE does not reflect the low C_mic level of the cold tundra soils. We recommend to test every method for its suitability before any data collection in series as well as application for cold soils and the application of ecophysiological ratios as R_mic/C_mic, C_mic/SOC or enzymatic activity/SOC instead of absolute data.

Lost in Translation? Russian Media Portrayals and Laypersons’ Interpretations of Angelina Jolie’s Breast Cancer Discourse

In May 2013, Angelina Jolie revealed that because she had a family history of breast and ovarian cancer and carried a rare BRCA gene mutation, she had undergone a preventive double mastectomy. Media coverage has been extensive around the world, including in Russia, not an English-language country, where all global news is inevitably filtered by translation. After examining the reactions of Russian mass media and members of the public to Jolie’s disclosure, I consider what transformations have occurred with Jolie’s message in the process of cross-cultural transfer. I explore the mass media portrayal of Jolie’s announcement, laypersons’ immediate and prolonged reactions, and the reflections of patients involved directly in the field of hereditary breast cancer. To my knowledge, this multifaceted and bilingual project is the first conceptualization of Jolie’s story as it has been translated in a different sociocultural environment. I start with examination of offline and online publications that appeared in Russia within two months after Jolie’s announcement. In this part of my analysis, I conceptualize the representation of Jolie’s case in Russian mass media and grasp what sociocultural waves were generated by this case among general lay audiences. Another part of my study contains the results of qualitative in-depth interviews. Eight women with a family history of hereditary breast cancer were recruited to participate in the research. The findings represent Jolie’s case through the eyes of Russian women with the same gene mutation as Jolie. Consolidating my findings, I argue that Jolie’s announcement was misinterpreted and misrepresented by Russian mass media, as well as misunderstood by a considerable part of the media audience. Jolie’s perspective on hereditary breast cancer mostly remained unheard among members of the Russian public. I make suggestions about the reasons for such a phenomenon, and demonstrate how Jolie’s case is implicated in politics, economics, and the culture of contemporary Russia.

“It is through others that we become ourselves.” A study of Vygotskian play in Russian and Irish schools.

50 years after publishing his seminal work on play and its role in child development, Vygotskian theory is still highly influential in education, and particularly in early years. This paper presents two examples of full integration of Vygotskian principles into schools in two very different settings. Both report improvements in learning and in well-being, and exemplify the theory-practice-theory cycle, highlighting the development of new theoretical constructs arising out of putting theory firmly into practice. In both settings, the positive results have come from years of effort, in which school personnel who may have been skeptical at first, have been inspired by the impact of adopting Vygotskian play on the children they teach. The Northern Ireland study shows that at least some of the Golden Key principles (mixed-age play and enhanced home-school links) translate perfectly into very different cultural-historical contexts.

Influenza delle condizioni di fornitura sul comportamento meccanico della lega di alluminio EN AW-5052 H39

ABSTRACT Il lavoro di tesi si basa sullo studio commissionato dall’azienda Pelliconi S.p.A di Ozzano dell'Emilia, specializzata nella produzione di tappi metallici per bottiglie. Questi tappi sono prodotti a partire da fogli sottili in lega di alluminio EN AW-5052 H39 e si necessita una ottimizzazione tecnico-economica nel settore della fornitura. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è analizzare le condizioni di fornitura della lega di alluminio EN AW-5052 H39 fornita da tre differenti fornitori (tra cui quello di riferimento) per stabilire quale di essi fornisca la lega più adatta al processo aziendale. L'elaborato è diviso in due parti, una compilativa ed una sperimentale. Nella prima, ci si occupa dei riferimenti normativi riguardanti le proprietà meccaniche delle leghe oggetto dello studio. Nella seconda, si introducono i materiali ed i metodi sperimentali utilizzati e si discutono i risultati ottenuti. A conclusione dello studio, si può affermare che, contrariamente a quanto imposto dalle specifiche aziendali e dalle normative sugli stati metallurgici di fornitura, tutti i laminati forniti mutano le loro proprietà a seguito del processo di laccatura subito dalle lamiere nel ciclo produttivo. Fra i tre fornitori, uno in particolare risulta fornire un materiale particolarmente suscettibile di variazione di proprietà a seguito di tale processo. Le ragioni di tale variazione sono legate alla composizione chimica ed alla microstruttura di questo laminato e dunque alle condizioni di fornitura del produttore.

Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics and the Controversy of the Russian Propaganda Laws: is the IOC Buckling Under the Pressure of its own Incoherence in Thought?

The Sochi Winter Olympics were a triumph in the eyes of Russia and the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Yet, a controversy around the introduction of anti-propaganda laws in Russia that had been criticised for being discriminatory marred the efforts of the IOC to fulfil its self proclaimed aspiration of ‘encouraging the harmonious development of man’. This article discusses the controversy utilising a legally pluralist approach to sports governance, and providing a critical reading of the practices of neoliberal globalisation that marked the issue of sexuality at the Sochi games. The paper argues that the legal influence of the IOC on domestic and international legal norms is contradictory and inconsistent. This, when considered alongside the aspirations of the IOC is significantly problematic and demonstrates the importance of investigating the underlying power structures of this influential international governing body.

Studio dell'influenza dei parametri di processo nella tempra laser di acciaio C48

Il presente lavoro di tesi si propone di analizzare l’influenza dei parametri caratteristici di una macchina laser temprante. Il materiale su cui sono state effettuate le prove è un acciaio C48 . Il lavoro è suddiviso nelle seguenti fasi : Studio delle sorgenti laser Prove in laboratorio Preparazione e studio metallografico dei campioni Analisi dei risultati Nei primi tre capitoli verranno esposte, in maniera più o meno dettagliata, le nozioni teoriche riguardanti le sorgenti laser, sul quale verte il lavoro di tesi. Nel dettaglio verranno descritte: la natura fisica delle sorgenti laser, ossia delle onde elettromagnetiche, le loro proprietà, la sorgente più comune dal punto di vista industriale, i sistemi di trasporto e di focalizzazione del fascio in fibra ottica e l’interazione laser-materia, che rappresenta il punto di partenza delle lavorazioni mediante laser. Successivamente, nel capitolo 4, l’esposizione verterà sul particolare impiego del laser nelle operazioni di tempra. nel capitolo 5, verrà descritta l’attività svolta: le specifiche della macchina, i parametri dell’impulso utilizzati, i risultati numerici delle misurazioni e le foto delle zone temprate. Per rendere più chiaro il seguito, passerò ad una piccola parte introduttiva, che verrà poi approfondita nel dettaglio successivamente, sui principali campi d’impiego della tecnologia laser, le applicazioni industriali ed i componenti di una generica stazione di lavorazione mediante laser.

L'influenza della precompressione nella prova a taglio dei campioni in muratura: uno studio sperimentale

Essendo l’Italia un territorio soggetto a violenti e frequenti sismi, ed avendo un importante patrimonio in muratura, è interessante studiare il rapporto tra i due. La muratura è maggiormente resistente contro forze che agiscono nel suo piano, che generano quindi uno sforzo di taglio. Si andrà dunque a valutare sperimentalmente la resistenza a taglio delle murature. Tale campagna sperimentale sarà svolta su campioni di muratura sotto forma di triplette confezionate con due tipi di malta diversi a tre livelli di precompressione differenti. I risultati così ottenuti saranno infine rielaborati in un grafico, il grafico della legge di Coulomb, che mira a cercare un legame lineare tra le tau e le sigma di precompressione. Un valore aggiunto dello studio sta nel monitoraggio costante della prova, dal quale si nota che la precompressione durante questa varia. Portando dunque a due risultati diversi: il primo è un legame tau-sigma con livelli di sigma normativi e uno con legami di sigma effettivi della rottura. La campagna sperimentale, inoltre, comprende anche la valutazione del modulo elastico per i singoli campioni di laterizio e di malta. La malta sarà provata anche per la resistenza a flessione e compressione.

Étude des rôles de la voie antioxydante Nrf2 et la voie anti-inflammatoire PPARγ dans le contrôle de l’inflammation lors d’infections sévères par l'influenza

Chaque année, la grippe provoque des centaines de milliers de décès dans le monde. Dans le cas d’infections sévères, il a été démontré que la génération excessive de molécules inflammatoires telles que les cytokines et les chimiokines, la sécrétion d’espèces réactives dérivées de l'oxygène ainsi que l’afflux massif de cellules immunitaires innées et adaptatives dans les voies respiratoires contribuent à la génération de dommages pulmonaires aigus et contribuent à l'immunopathologie reliée à l’infection. Tenant compte de ce fait, le défi actuel dans le traitement de la grippe est de contrôler la réponse inflammatoire tout en inhibant la réplication virale afin de permettre à l'organisme de se défendre contre les infections sévères à l'influenza. Des études récentes ont montré que l’activation du récepteur nucléaire PPARγ par ses ligands, tel que la 15d-PGJ[indice inférieur 2], diminuait l’inflammation pulmonaire et améliorait la survie des souris infectées avec des doses létales du virus influenza. Mis à part ses effets sur PPARγ, le ligand 15d-PGJ[indice inférieur 2] est aussi connu pour activer le facteur nucléaire antioxydant Nrf2. Il a été montré que Nrf2 réduit la réplication du virus influenza. Cependant, son mode d'action dans cette fonction nécessite une clarification. De manière intéressante, une étude a montré que Nrf2 réduit l’inflammation pulmonaire en régulant l’expression de PPARγ et ceci dans un modèle murin du syndrome de détresse respiratoire aigu. Les résultats de ces études précédentes mènent à l’hypothèse que les voies de PPARγ et Nrf2 interagissent fonctionnellement et qu'elles sont impliquées dans la réduction de l’inflammation induite lors d'infections sévères causées par l'influenza. L’objectif général de cette étude est donc de mieux comprendre les mécanismes protecteurs de PPARγ et Nrf2 dans la régulation de l’inflammation et la réplication virale suite à une infection par le virus influenza. Nos résultats ont démontré premièrement que le fait de cibler les deux voies moléculaires PPARγ et Nrf2, permet une inhibition significative de l’inflammation et de la morbidité liée à l’infection. Dans un deuxième temps, nos résultats dévoilent le mécanisme antiviral de Nrf2 et démontrent que l’activation de cette voie réduit la réplication du virus influenza d’une façon dépendante de l’expression de l’antiprotéase SLPI.

Iowa Influenza Surveillance Network: Weekly Activity Report Week 17, April 30, 2016

The Iowa Influenza Surveillance Network (IISN) was established in 2004, though surveillance has been conducted at the Iowa Department of Public Health. Schools and long-term care facilities report data weekly into a Web-based reporting system. Schools report the number of students absent due to illness and the total enrolled. Long-term care facilities report cases of influenza and vaccination status of each case. Both passively report outbreaks of illness, including influenza, to IDPH.

Iowa Influenza Surveillance Network: Weekly Activity Report Week 18, May 7, 2016

The Iowa Influenza Surveillance Network (IISN) was established in 2004, though surveillance has been conducted at the Iowa Department of Public Health. Schools and long-term care facilities report data weekly into a Web-based reporting system. Schools report the number of students absent due to illness and the total enrolled. Long-term care facilities report cases of influenza and vaccination status of each case. Both passively report outbreaks of illness, including influenza, to IDPH.

Iowa Influenza Surveillance Network: Weekly Activity Report Week 19, May 14, 2016

The Iowa Influenza Surveillance Network (IISN) was established in 2004, though surveillance has been conducted at the Iowa Department of Public Health. Schools and long-term care facilities report data weekly into a Web-based reporting system. Schools report the number of students absent due to illness and the total enrolled. Long-term care facilities report cases of influenza and vaccination status of each case. Both passively report outbreaks of illness, including influenza, to IDPH.

Iowa Influenza Surveillance Network: Weekly Activity Report Week 20, May 21, 2016

The Iowa Influenza Surveillance Network (IISN) was established in 2004, though surveillance has been conducted at the Iowa Department of Public Health. Schools and long-term care facilities report data weekly into a Web-based reporting system. Schools report the number of students absent due to illness and the total enrolled. Long-term care facilities report cases of influenza and vaccination status of each case. Both passively report outbreaks of illness, including influenza, to IDPH.