Laternenlied: Mit Feuer: 1. Sie ler-nen nichts, sie ler-nen nichts die Herrn Hochwohl-ge-bo-ren! Ver-geb-lich schmettert des Ge-richts Po-sau-ne ih-ren Oh-ren ...

Welsch (Projektbearbeiter): Abdruck eines Revolutionsliedes (nach dem Vorbild des französischen 'Ça ira' von 1789): "Weil denn die Herrn vom bes-sern Blut die neu-e Zeit nicht ler-nen: drum hängt die Herren kurz und gut ... hoch, hoch an die La-ter-nen!" Vgl. dazu Dunder, W. G.: Denkschrift über die Wiener October-Revolution; Wien 1849 S. 36: "Dieses Gedicht erschien abgedruckt im politischen Studenten-Courier vom 4. October [1848], Nr. 91, redigirt von Adolf Buchheim und Oscar Falke [recte Georg Peter] ..."

Microwave Spectroscopy and Structures of Several Substituted Acetylenes and Fluorocarbons

The structures of two substituted acetylene compounds have been characterized from their microwave rotational spectra. In the first study, two structures of 6-methyl-3-heptyne have been determined. This compound can be thought of as an ethyl group separated from an isobutyl group by a C≡C spacer. Both structures have the ethyl and isobutyl groups eclipsed, consistent with the dominant interaction determining the orientation about the acetylene axis being the weak dispersion attraction between the end groups. One structure is with the isobutyl group in a symmetric conformation and the other with the isobutyl group asymmetric. In addition, the microwave spectrum of the butane analogue 3,5-octadiyne has been observed. This compound consists of two ethyl groups separated by two C≡C spacers. The study is still in progress, but it appears that the ethyl end groups are freely rotating. Therefore, it seems that the dispersion attractions between the end groups are too weak at this longer distance of about 7 Å. The structures of several fluorocarbons have also been studied by microwave spectroscopy. The structures of perfluoropentane and perfluorohexane have been shown to be helical, like the polymer polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon©). The structure of perfluoropropane and two conformers of 1H-heptafluoropropane have been determined to be non-helical. It is apparent that the steric and dipole repulsions between fluorine atoms that have been attributed to the helical structure of longer fluorocarbon chains are not sufficient in a three carbon chain to cause a twist in the structures.

Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy Evaluation with the Radiological Physics Center Head and Neck Phantom

Validation of treatment plan quality and dose calculation accuracy is essential for new radiotherapy techniques, including volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). VMAT delivers intensity modulated radiotherapy treatments while simultaneously rotating the gantry, adding an additional level of complexity to both the dose calculation and delivery of VMAT treatments compared to static gantry IMRT. The purpose of this project was to compare two VMAT systems, Elekta VMAT and Varian RapidArc, to the current standard of care, IMRT, in terms of both treatment plan quality and dosimetric delivery accuracy using the Radiological Physics Center (RPC) head and neck (H&N) phantom. Clinically relevant treatment plans were created for the phantom using typical prescription and dose constraints for Elekta VMAT (planned with Pinnacle3 Smart Arc) and RapidArc and IMRT (both planned with Eclipse). The treatment plans were evaluated to determine if they were clinically comparable using several dosimetric criteria, including ability to meet dose objectives, hot spots, conformity index, and homogeneity index. The planned treatments were delivered to the phantom and absolute doses and relative dose distributions were measured with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and radiochromic film, respectively. The measured and calculated doses of each treatment were compared to determine if they were clinically acceptable based upon RPC criteria of ±7% dose difference and 4 mm distance-to-agreement. Gamma analysis was used to assess dosimetric accuracy, as well. All treatment plans were able to meet the dosimetric objectives set by the RPC and had similar hot spots in the normal tissue. The Elekta VMAT plan was more homogenous but less conformal than the RapidArc and IMRT plans. When comparing the measured and calculated doses, all plans met the RPC ±7%/4 mm criteria. The percent of points passing the gamma analysis for each treatment delivery was acceptable. Treatment plan quality of the Elekta VMAT, RapidArc and IMRT treatments were comparable for consistent dose prescriptions and constraints. Additionally, the dosimetric accuracy of the Elekta VMAT and RapidArc treatments was verified to be within acceptable tolerances.

Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Biochemical Engineering Symposium

This volume represents the proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Biochemical Engineering Symposium held at Kansas State University on April 26, 1986. Some of the papers describe the progress of ongoing projects, and others contain the results of completed projects. Only brief summaries are given of many of the papers that will be published in full elsewhere. ContentsEnd-Product Inhibition of the Acetone-Butanol Fermentation—Bob Kuhn, Colorado State University Effect of Multiple Substrates in Ethanal Fermentations from Cheese Whey—C.J. Wang, University of Missouri Extraction and Fermentation of Ensiled Sweet Sorghum—Karl Noah, Colorado State University Removal of Nucleic Acids from Bakers' Yeast—Richard M. Cordes, Iowa State University Modeling the Effects of Plasmid Replication and Product Repression on the Growth Rate of Recombinant Bacteria—William E. Bentley, University of Colorado Indirect Estimates of Cell Concentrations in Mass Cultivation of Bacterial Cells—Andrew Fisher, University of Missouri A Mathematical Model for Liquid Recirculation in Airlift Columns—C.H.Lee, Kansas State University Characterization of Imperfect Mixing of Batch Reactors by Two Compartment Model—Peter Sohn, University of Missouri First Order Breakage Model for the Degradation of Pullalan in the Batch Fermentor—Stephen A. Milligan, Kansas State University Synthesis and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of 13C-Labeled Amylopectin and Maltooligosaccharides—Bernard Y. Tao, Iowa State University Preparation of Fungal Starter Culture in Gas Fluidized Bed Reactor—Pal Mihaltz, Colorado State University Yeast Flocculation and Sedimentation—David Szlag, University of Colorado Protein Enrichment of Extrusion Cooked Corn by Solid Substrate Fermentation—Lucas Alvarez-Martinez, Colorado State University Optimum Design of a Hollow Fiber Mammalian Cell Reactor—Thomas Chresand, Colorado State University Gas Chromatography and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Trifluoroacetylated Carbohydrates—Steven T. Summerfelt, Iowa State University Kinetic and Bioenergetic Considerations for Modeling Photosynthetic Microbial P~ocesses in Producing Biomass and Treating Wastewater—H. Y. Lee, Kansas State University Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Bicarbonate-Limited Photsynthetic Growth in Continuous Culture—Craig Curless, Kansas State University Data Acquisition and Control of a Rotary Drum Solid State Fermentor—Mnasria A. Habib, Colorado State University Biodegradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D)—Greg Sinton, Kansas State University

Blade guard for rotary lawn mowers

A blade guard for rotary lawn mowers comprising a plurality of spaced apart elongated members which extend longitudinally in the intended direction of travel of the mower device. The space between the forward ends of the elongated members and the forward end of the mower cowling is open and free from obstructions to permit the grass to be sucked upwardly for cutting by the mower blade. The elongated members have varying lengths to define an effective area substantially the same as the area defined by the unsharpened center portion of the mower blade when rotating so that the sharpened ends of the blade extend outwardly beyond the effective area of the guard means. The guard means is hinged to the mower cowling to permit convenient cleaning of the mower. An ignition interlock means is also connected to the guard.

Shelling mechanism

A corn shelling mechanism comprising an elongated concave means having one end thereof positioned below a rotatable cylinder. A continuous belt sheller is positioned above the concave in a spaced relationship with respect thereto. The corn ears are fed to the rotating cylinder by a feeder housing means with the ear receiving one or more impacts by the rasp bar of the cylinder before it travels out of range of the cylinder. The partially shelled ear passes between the belt sheller and the concave with the belt sheller urging the ears into engagement with the concave to complete the shelling operation.

Rotary tiller slot planter and method for using the same

The rotary tiller slot planter of the present invention comprises a subsoiler shank positioned to engage the soil and make a trench therein. A pair of rotary tiller blades are rotatably mounted on the opposite sides of the sub-soil shank in planes parallel thereto. The center-lines of the rotary tiller wheels are located behind the subsoil shank. Each of the wheels have a plurality of blades extending radially outwardly from the rotational axis thereof and terminating in outer radial ends which engage the soil slightly ahead of the subsoiler shank and adjacent the lateral edges of the trench. A seed tube shank is positioned behind the subsoiler shank and between the tiller wheels. The seed tube shank has a lower end positioned to extend below the soil surface. A seed tube is positioned behind the seed tube shank for depositing seed in the soil. The rotation of the blades on opposite sides of the subsoil shank causes the soil to be mechanically aggregated and aerated and helps prepare a seed bed for the seeds. Also, the rotating tiller blades chop the debris which may be along the trench and throw soil backwards so as to cover the planted seed. Shorter rotary blades on the tiller wheels are shaped to throw debris and the upper one-half inch of soil sideways away from the row.

Proceedings of the 24th Annual Biochemical Engineering Symposium

The 24th Biochemical Engineering Symposium was held 9-10 September 1994 at the YMCA of the Rockies conference center in Estes Park, Colorado, under the sponsorship of the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Colorado. Previous symposia in this series have been hosted by Kansas State University (1st, 3rd, 5th, 9th, 12th, 16th, 20th), University of Nebraska-Lincoln (2nd, 4th), Iowa State University (6th, 7th, 10th, 13th, 17th, 22nd), University of Missouri-Columbia (8th, 14th, 19th), Colorado State University (11th, 15th, 21st), University of Colorado (18th), and the University of Oklahoma (23rd). The next symposium is scheduled to be held at the University of Missouri-Columbia. The symposia are devoted to talks by students about their ongoing research. Because final publication usually takes place elsewhere, the papers included in the proceedings are brief, and often cover work in progress. ContentsIn-Well Aeration: An Innovative Subsurface Remediation TechnologyPrashant Gandhi, X. Yang, L.E. Erickson, and L. T. Fan; Kansas State University Expression of an Antimicrobial Peptide Analog in Eacherlchill coliChris Haught and Roger G. Harrison; University of Oklahoma Using High-frequency Backpulaing to Maximize Croasflow Filtration PerformanceSanjeev G. Redkar and Robert H. Davis; University of Colorado Low Molecular Weight Organic Compositions of Acid Waters from Vegetable Oil SoapstocksSteven L. Johansen, Arunthathi Sivasothy, Peter J. Reilly, and Earl G. Hammond; Iowa State University; Michael K. Dowd; U.S. Department of Agriculture Gas Phase Composition Effects on Suspension Cultures of Taxus cuspidata Noushin Mirjalili and James C. Linden; Colorado State University Cybernetic Modeling of Spontaneous Oscillations in Continuous Cultures of Ssccharomyces cerevisiaeKenneth D. Jones and Dhinakar S. Kompala; University of Colorado The Effect of Turbulent Shear on Calcium Mobilization in Mammalian CellsChristopher M. Cannizzaro, Pradyumna K. Namdev, and Eric H. Dunlop; Colorado State University Experimental Studies of Droplet Ejection at the Free Surface In Sparged ReactorsT. Y. Yiin, L A. Glasgow, and L. E. Erickson; Kansas State University The Role of Domain E (Starch-Binding Region) on the Activity of a Bacillus macersns Cyclodextrln GlucanotransferaseHai-yin Chang, Trang Le, and Zivko L. Nikolov; Iowa State University Use of the Rotating Wall Vessel for Study of Plant Cell Suspension CulturesXinzhi Sun and James C. Linden; Colorado State University A Novel Counter-Current Distribution Apparatus for the Study of Multi-Stage Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction of Biomolecules and Cell ParticlesMartin R. Guinn and Paul Todd; University of Colorado The Dynamics of Unhooking and Contraction of a Polyelectrolyte Chain Around an Isolated PostLin Zhang and Edith M. Sevick; University of Colorado A Laboratory Study of the Fate of Trichloroathylene and 1,1,1-Trlchloroathane In the Presence of Alfalfa PlantsMuralidharan Narayanan, Ryan M. Green, Lawrence C. Davis, and Larry E. Erickson; Kansas State University Modeling the Fate of Pyrene In the RhIzosphereS.K. Santharam, LE. Erickson, and L. T. Fan; Kansas State University Derivatization of MaltooligosaccharidesDaniela Prinz, Peter J. Reilly, and Zivko L. Nikolov; Iowa State University Probing Surfactant-Protein Binding by EPA SpectroscopyNarendra B. Bam, Yale University; Theodore W. Randolph; University of Colorado Optimization of a Stir-Cell Bioreactor for In Vitro Production of RNANeal T. Williams, Kim A. Wicklund, and Robert H. Davis; University of Colorado

(Table 1) Bulk geochemistry of some lavas at DSDP Hole 55-433C

According to Wilson's (1963a, b) hypothesis, the volcanoes of the Hawaiian-Emperor Chain are formed as the Pacific lithospheric plate moves over a source of magma in the mantle. Morgan (1971, 1972) proposed that these "hot spots" resulted from "mantle plumes" that rise vertically from the core/mantle boundary and that are fixed about the deep mantle and rotating globe poles. The age of volcanoes increases with distance away from the recent "hot spot" beneath Kilauea volcano. The Hawaiian-Emperor bend indicates that the direction of motion of the Pacific plate changed about 40 m.y. ago.

Distribution of marine litter at bathyal and abyssal depths in the Mediterranean Sea

The distribution, type and quantity of marine litter accumulated on the bathyal and abyssal Mediterranean seafloor has been studied in the framework of the Spanish national projects PROMETEO and DOS MARES and the ESF-EuroDEEP project BIOFUN. Litter was collected with an otter trawl and Agassiz trawl while sampling for megafauna on the Blanes canyon and adjacent slope (Catalan margin, north-western Mediterranean) between 900 and 2700 m depth, and on the western, central and eastern Mediterranean basins at 1200, 2000 and 3000 m depth. All litter was sorted into 8 categories (hard plastic, soft plastic, glass, metal, clinker, fabric, longlines and fishing nets) and weighed. The distribution of litter was analysed in relation to depth, geographic area and natural (bathymetry, currents and rivers) and anthropogenic (population density and shipping routes) processes. The most abundant litter types were plastic, glass, metal and clinker. Lost or discarded fishing gear was also commonly found. On the Catalan margin, although the data indicated an accumulation of litter with increasing depth, mean weight was not significantly different between depths or between the open slope and the canyon. We propose that litter accumulated in the canyon, with high proportions of plastics, has predominantly a coastal origin, while litter collected on the open slope, dominated by heavy litter, is mostly ship-originated, especially at sites under major shipping routes. Along the trans-Mediterranean transect, although a higher amount of litter seemed to be found on the Western Mediterranean, differences of mean weight were not significant between the 3 geographic areas and the 3 depths. Here, the shallower sites, also closer to the coast, had a higher proportion of plastics than the deeper sites, which had a higher proportion of heavy litter and were often affected by shipping routes. The weight of litter was also compared to biomass of megafauna from the same samples. On the Blanes slope, the biomass of megafauna was significantly higher than the weight of litter between 900 and 2000 m depth and no significant differences were found at 2250 and 2700 m depth. Along the trans-Mediterranean transect, no significant differences were found between biomass and litter weight at all sites except in two sites: the Central Mediterranean at 1200 m depth, where biomass was higher than litter weight, and the Eastern Mediterranean at 1200 m depth, where litter weight was higher than biomass. The results are discussed in the framework of knowledge on marine litter accumulation, its potential impact on the habitat and fauna and the legislation addressing these issues.

Zooplankton carbon budget from Trondheim mesocosm experiment

We measured respiration, egg production and fecal pellet production of five common copepod species, when fed on suspended or aggregated food from two mesocosm, + NP and + NPSi. We hypothetised that calanoid copepods (Temora longicornis, Acartia spp., Centropages spp.) would feed mainly on suspended food, and have low respiration and egestion rates when food was only available as aggregates, while harpacticoids and Oncaea spp. would mainly feed on aggregated food and have low metabolic rates when only suspended food was available. Copepods were collected from the lagoon, and adapted to experimental conditions for 24 h. Food suspension was collected from the mesocosms, and either offered to copepods directly (suspended food) or after rotating in a plankton wheel until most phytoplankton was aggregated together (aggregated food). After 24-h incubation we counted the produced eggs and pellets, and measured copepod respiration using microelectrodes.

Sediment Trap Data in the northwest Mediterranean Sea from the MedFlux project (2003 - 2005)

MedFlux sampling was carried out at the French JGOFS DYFAMED (DYnamique des Flux Atmospheriques en MEDiterranee) site in the Ligurian Sea (northwestern Mediterranean), 52km off Nice (431200N, 71400E) in 2300m water depth. In 2003, a mooring with sediment trap arrays was deployed 6 March (day of year, DOY 65) and recovered 6 May (DOY 126); this trap deployment will be referred to as Period 1 (P1). The array was redeployed a week later on 14 May (DOY 134) and recovered again on 30 June (DOY 181); this trap deployment will be referred to as Period 2 (P2). Indented-rotating sphere (IRS) valve traps were fitted with TS carousels to determine temporal variability of particulate matter flux. TS traps were fitted with ''dimpled'' spheres. Vertical flux at 200m depth is considered to be equivalent to new or export production, and traps sampled at 238 and 117m during P1 and P2, respectively. We also collected TS material at 711m during P1 and at 1918m during P2. Upon recovery, samples were split using a McLaneTM WSD splitter to allow multiple chemical analyses. Here we report 2003 data on TS particulate mass, and the contributions of organic carbon (OC), opal, lithogenic material and calcium carbonate to mass. In 2005, traps were deployed as described above for 55 d during a single period from 4 March (DOY 63) to 1 May (DOY 121). TS traps were fitted with ''dimpled'' spheres. TS particulate matter was collected from 313 to 924 m.

Metallic Fluence Monitors and J-value standards

Utilizing the neutron-irradiation parameter J is one of the major uncertainties in 40Ar/39Ar dating. The associated error of the individual J-value for a sample of unknown age depends on the accuracy of the age of the geological standards, the fast-neutron fluence distribution in the reactor and the distances between standards and samples during irradiation. While it is generally assumed that rotating irradiation evens out radial neutron fluence gradients, we observed axial and radial variations of the J-values in sample irradiations in the rotating channels of two reactors. To quantify them, we included three-dimensionally distributed metallic fast- (Ni) and thermal- (Co) neutron fluence monitors in three irradiations and geological age standards in three more. Two irradiations were carried out under Cd-shielding in the FRG1 reactor in Geesthacht, Germany, and four without Cd-shielding in the LVR-15 reactor in Rez, Czech Republic. The 58Ni(nf,p)58Co activation reaction and ?-spectrometry of the 811 keV peak associated with the subsequent decay of 58Co to 58Fe allow to calculate the fast-neutron fluence. The fast-neutron fluences at known positions in the irradiation container correlate with the J-values determined by mass-spectrometric 40Ar/39Ar measurements of the geological age standards. Ra-dial neutron fluence gradients are up to 1.8 %/cm in FRG1 and up to 2.2 %/cm in LVR-15; the corre-sponding axial gradients are up to 5.9 and 2.1 %/cm. We conclude that sample rotation might not al-ways suffice to meet the needs of high-precision dating and gradient monitoring can be crucial.