O processo de construção do conhecimento de medida numa abordagem fenomenológica

This research presents an investigation on the subject: Quantities and Measurements. The research is dedicated to this subject due to its importance in the school curriculum, and adopts the use of history of mathematics and investigative duties in a manner that will enable the production of knowledge by the student. Following a phenomenological orientation, we conducted field work in a public school in Guaratinguetá, with students from the 6 th grade. The analyze of data of the research, undertaken in accordance with the understanding of the texts FINI (1994), MACHADO (1994), BICUDO (1993, 2000, 2011), understanding how students construct knowledge measures. The data from field work were obtained from images recorded on video, the researcher's field diary and notes of the students. The descriptions of the data, transformed into text, had been detached the strechs most revealing for what it searchs to understand. The understood meaning through the analysis, indicates two categories: measure is to express values and measure is to compare quantities. When interpreting the open categories we understand that the student builds knowledge of measurement making comparisons

Ejes estratégicos de la seguridad hemisférica en los gobiernos de George W. Bush y Barack Obama

The paper approaches the U.S. perceptions about the sources of insecurity from Latin America, considered a low risk area and priority of its foreign policy. El análisis se concentra en la evaluación de las amenazas y desafíos a sus intereses estratégicos y las modalidades de actuación privilegiadas en la esfera regional, en que se verifican coincidencias entre las administraciones Demócratas y Republicanas en la adopción de un liderazgo con prerrogativas clasificatorias sobre los tipos de régimen político, con una agenda concebida como promoción de la convergencia hemisférica de democracias y economías liberales. The analysis focuses on assessing the threats and challenges to its strategic interests and privileged modes of action at the regional level, which verifies similarities between Republican and Democratic administrations in taking a leadership prerogatives qualifiers on the types political regime, with an agenda designed as promoting hemispheric convergence of liberal democracies and economies. En ese contexto, cabe destacar la prioridad atribuida a los países de la Alternativa Bolivariana para las Américas (ALBA) como eje opositor de sus políticas. In this context, include the priority given to the countries of the Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas (ALBA) as the linchpin of his political opponent.

Cooperación internacional en ciencia, tecnología e innovación entre Brasil y Colombia durante los gobiernos Lula da Silva (2003 - 2010)

Pós-graduação em Relações Internacionais (UNESP - UNICAMP - PUC-SP) - FFC

O duplo na perspectiva da literatura fantástica nos contos de Cristina Fernández Cubas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fattori di rischio biomeccanico e valori limite di esposizione (TLV-ACGIH®) nell’ambito dello studio di coorte della sindrome del tunnel carpale occupazionale

OBIETTIVI: Per esplorare il contributo dei fattori di rischio biomeccanico, ripetitività (hand activity level – HAL) e forza manuale (peak force - PF), nell’insorgenza della sindrome del tunnel carpale (STC), abbiamo studiato un’ampia coorte di lavoratori dell’industria, utilizzando come riferimento il valore limite di soglia (TLV©) dell’American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). METODI: La coorte è stata osservata dal 2000 al 2011. Abbiamo classificato l’esposizione professionale rispetto al limite di azione (AL) e al TLV dell’ACGIH in: “accettabile” (sotto AL), “intermedia” (tra AL e TLV) e “inaccettabile” (sopra TLV). Abbiamo considerato due definizioni di caso: 1) sintomi di STC; 2) sintomi e positività allo studio di conduzione nervosa (SCN). Abbiamo applicato modelli di regressione di Poisson aggiustati per sesso, età, indice di massa corporea e presenza di patologie predisponenti la malattia. RISULTATI: Nell’intera coorte (1710 lavoratori) abbiamo trovato un tasso di incidenza (IR) di sintomi di STC di 4.1 per 100 anni-persona; un IR di STC confermata dallo SCN di 1.3 per 100 anni-persona. Gli esposti “sopra TLV” presentano un rischio di sviluppare sintomi di STC di 1.76 rispetto agli esposti “sotto AL”. Un andamento simile è emerso per la seconda definizione di caso [incidence rate ratios (IRR) “sopra TLV”, 1.37 (intervallo di confidenza al 95% (IC95%) 0.84–2.23)]. Gli esposti a “carico intermedio” risultano a maggior rischio per la STC [IRR per i sintomi, 3.31 (IC95% 2.39–4.59); IRR per sintomi e SCN positivo, 2.56 (IC95% 1.47–4.43)]. Abbiamo osservato una maggior forza di associazione tra HAL e la STC. CONCLUSIONI: Abbiamo trovato un aumento di rischio di sviluppare la STC all’aumentare del carico biomeccanico: l’aumento di rischio osservato già per gli esposti a “carico intermedio” suggerisce che gli attuali valori limite potrebbero non essere sufficientemente protettivi per alcuni lavoratori. Interventi di prevenzione vanno orientati verso attività manuali ripetitive.

Trastornos de autoagresión hacia las uñas. Autoagressive nail disoreders

Background and objective: Autoaggressive nail disorders span a wide range of clinical changes, but they often remain undiagnosed. This article is intended to help the practitioner to make the correct diagnosis and institute an accepted treatment. Material and method: The patient charts of 1800 patients seen by the author between the years 2000-2011 in 6 different European countries were evaluated using photographs of finger and toenails. Results: The most common condition is onycholysis induced by overzealous manicure. The habit tic of maniacally pushing back the proximal nail fold of one or both thumb nails is frequent and often misdiagnosed. Heller’s median canaliform dystrophy is probably also due to a similar injury mechanism. Onychophagia is relatively com- mon and seen both in children and adults. Onychotillomania is less frequent and almost exclusively seen in adults. Onychotemnomania is even less frequent. Onychoteiromania is sowhere between the latter two habits. Onychodaknomania is exceptional and usually a sign of an underlying psychiatric disorder. There was no substantial difference in the prevalence of these conditions among the different countries visited. Conclusions: Auto aggressive nail injury is common, but often difficult to diagnose. Patient care requires not only an in-depth knowledge of virtually all nail diseases, but also a cautious and empathic patient examination and treatment

Virological outcome and management of persistent low-level viraemia in HIV-1-infected patients: 11 years of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study

BACKGROUND Management of persistent low-level viraemia (pLLV) in patients on combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) with previously undetectable HIV viral loads (VLs) is challenging. We examined virological outcome and management among patients enrolled in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study (SHCS). METHODS In this retrospective study (2000-2011), pLLV was defined as a VL of 21-400 copies/mL on ≥3 consecutive plasma samples with ≥8 weeks between first and last analyses, in patients undetectable for ≥24 weeks on cART. Control patients had ≥3 consecutive undetectable VLs over ≥32 weeks. Virological failure (VF), analysed in the pLLV patient group, was defined as a VL>400 copies/mL. RESULTS Among 9972 patients, 179 had pLLV and 5389 were controls. Compared to controls, pLLV patients were more often on unboosted PI-based (adjusted odds ratio, aOR, [95%CI] 3.2 [1.8-5.9]) and NRTI-only combinations (aOR 2.1 [1.1-4.2]) than on NNRTI and boosted PI-based regimens. At 48 weeks, 102/155 pLLV patients (66%) still had pLLV, 19/155 (12%) developed VF, and 34/155 (22%) had undetectable VLs. Predictors of VF were previous VF (aOR 35 [3.8-315]), unboosted PI-based (aOR 12.8 [1.7-96]) or NRTI-only combinations (aOR 115 [6.8-1952]), and VLs>200 during pLLV (aOR 3.7 [1.1-12]). No VF occurred in patients with persistent very LLV (pVLLV, 21-49 copies/mL; N=26). At 48 weeks, 29/39 patients (74%) who changed cART had undetectable VLs, compared to 19/74 (26%) without change (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with pLLV, VF was predicted by previous VF, cART regimen and VL ≥200. Most patients who changed cART had undetectable VLs 48 weeks later. These findings support cART modification for pLLV >200 copies/ml.

Repatriations and 28-day mortality of ill and injured travellers: 12 years of experience in a Swiss emergency department

QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY Many persons are travelling all over the world; the elderly with pre-existing diseases also travel to places with less developed health systems. Reportedly, fewer than 0.5% of all travellers need repatriation. We aimed to analyse and examine people who are injured or ill while abroad, where they travelled to and by what means they were repatriated. METHODS Retrospective cross-sectional study with adult patients repatriated to a single level 1 trauma centre in Switzerland (2000-2011). RESULTS A total of 372 patients were repatriated, with an increasing trend per year. Of these, 67% were male; the median age was 56 years. Forty-nine percent sustained an injury, and 13% had surgical and 38% medical pathologies. Patients with medical conditions were older than those with injuries or surgical emergencies (p <0.001). Seventy-three percent were repatriated from Europe. For repatriation from Africa trauma was slightly more frequent (53%, n = 17) than illnesses, whereas for most other countries illnesses and trauma were equally distributed. Injured patients had a median Injury Severity Score of 8. The majority of illnesses involved the nervous system (38%), mainly stroke. Forty-five percent were repatriated by Swiss Air Ambulance, 26% by ground ambulance, 18% by scheduled flights with or without medical assistance and two patients injured near the Swiss boarder by helicopter. The 28-day mortality was 4%. CONCLUSIONS The numbers of travellers repatriated increased from 2000 to 2011. About half were due to illnesses and half due to injuries. The largest group were elderly Swiss nationals repatriated from European countries. As mortality is relatively high, special consideration to this group of patients is warranted.

Evolución económica comparada entre Brasil y Argentina

Fil: Valentini, Enzo Emiliano

Reflexión : punto de partida para la anti naturalización

Las cuestiones y doctrinas científicas estudiadas deben servir de instrumentos para el análisis y la reflexión, nunca constituir fines en sí mismos, ni doctrinas de salvación (no se adhiere a una teoría como a una religión). La lectura de Morgenthau o Aron, Rosencrance o Kaplan, Keohane o Kratochwill por citar algunos, debe permitir "ver" mejor, ya sea aspectos de la práctica científica, ya sean sus dimensiones éticas o políticas. Ello porque pasa de las cuestiones epistemológicas a las ético-políticas, y viceversa, casi sin solución de continuidad. El propósito de este artículo es reflexionar sobre ciertos supuestos que han naturalizado el conocimiento en las Relaciones Internacionales.

Análisis de la toma de decisiones : Estudio de caso

Fil: Sánchez, Leandro Enrique. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Reestructuración de la deuda : ¿Doble mesa de negociaciones?

Fil: Sánchez, Leandro Enrique. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Una revisión epistemológica de la autonomía

La noción de autonomía ha sido uno de los mayores puntos de tensión teórica del análisis de la política exterior argentina. En este artículo se plantea una revisión etimológica, epistemológica y metodológica de dicha noción con el fin de mostrar la complejidad conceptual de esta discusión y orientar las decisiones prácticas que, derivado de este asunto, pudieran tomarse. Para ello se revisa la relación entre teoría y método, el concepto como basamento de una estructura teórica y las propiedades del mismo. Posteriormente se presenta el origen etimológico de la noción de autonomía y se exponen algunas de las concepciones filosóficas más influyentes de la modernidad occidental para, finalmente, exponer su articulación en el ámbito de las Relaciones Internacionales.

Un ensayo sobre la autonomía

La noción de autonomía ha sido uno de los mayores puntos de tensión teórica del análisis de la política exterior argentina. En este artículo se plantea una revisión etimológica, epistemológica y metodológica de dicha noción con el fin de mostrar la complejidad conceptual de esta discusión y orientar las decisiones prácticas que, derivado de este asunto, pudieran tomarse. Para ello se revisa la relación entre teoría y método, el concepto como basamento de una estructura teórica y las propiedades del mismo. Posteriormente se presenta el origen etimológico de la noción de autonomía y se exponen algunas de las concepciones filosóficas más influyentes de la modernidad occidental para, finalmente, exponer su articulación en el ámbito de las Relaciones Internacionales.

Presupuestos del análisis cualitativo para el estudio de la toma de decisiones

Se toma como punto de partida el modelo de diseño de investigación cualitativa desarrollado por Joseph Maxwell, cuya concepción sobre el diseño de una investigación es el de una estructura subyacente basada en la interconexión de los componentes del estudio y las implicancias que estos tienen sobre otros, para analizar, si es posible, la corriente neorrealista, considerada como la escuela predominante en el estudio de las relaciones internacionales. El propósito de este trabajo -sustentado en el paradigma interpretativo, que conlleva como supuesto fundacional la necesaria comprensión del sentido de la acción social en el contexto del mundo de la vida y desde la perspectiva de los participantes- es el de relevar el aporte testimonial de quienes han conducido o participado activamente, es decir, los Ministros de Relaciones Exteriores, en la formación de la política exterior del país a partir de la vuelta de la democracia.