Efeito do envelhecimento e do estresse cr��nico sobre a rea����o do tecido conjuntivo subcut��neo: estudo histol��gico em ratos

Physiological functions undergo a gradual retardation that begins around 25-30 years and extends to the death. Moreover, this change affects most severely the activities more complex and more intricate responses to tensions or stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically in aged rats the effect of chronic stress on the reaction of subcutaneous connective tissue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically in aged rats the effect of chronic stress on the reaction of subcutaneous connective tissue. For this purpose, 60 rats were divided into four groups (GI (control), GII (stressed), GIII (elderly) and GIV (aged / stressed) received dorsal subcutaneous implants of polyethylene tubes containing saline solution. In groups of four animals were sacrificed at 7,14 and 28 days postoperatively. The results allowed to observe more intense inflammatory reaction and tissue organization later in the aged animals subjected to stress.

Efeito do cimento Portland modificado e MTA na viabilidade de fibroblastos e produ����o de ciocinas

Objetivo: o objetivo desse estudo foi investigar os efeitos da nova formula����o do Cimento Portland (CPM) comparando-o ao MTA Angelus na viabilidade celular e libera����o de IL-1b e IL-6 em fibroblastos de rato. M��todos: tubos de polietileno preenchidos com os materiais estudados foram colocados em placas de cultura celular de 24 po��os com fibroblastos de rato. Tubos vazios foram utilizados como controle. Ap��s 24 horas, ensaio MTT foi utilizado para avaliar a viabilidade celular. Para o ensaio de citocinas, fibroblastos de ratos foram incubados em placas de fundo plano de 24 po��os com discos dos materiais no fundo, ou sem material, como controle. Ap��s 24 horas, o meio de cultura foi coletado para a avalia����o das citocinas pelo ELISA. Resultados: o CPM e MTA Angelus n��o inibiram a viabilidade celular. Ambos os materiais induziram libera����o de IL-6 e IL-1b e a quantidade foi estatisticamente significativa se comparada ao grupo controle. Conclus��o: ambos os materiais n��o foram citot��xicos em cultura de fibroblastos e induziram a libera����o de IL-6 e IL-1b.

Rea����o de tecido subcut��neo ao cimento Portland modificado (CPM)

Introdu����o: o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a resposta do tecido subcut��neo de ratos a implantes de tubos de polietileno com cimento Portland modificado (CPM) (EGEO S.R.L., Buenos Aires, Argentina) comparado com o MTA Angelus�� (Angelus, Londrina/PR). M��todos: esses materiais foram colocados em tubos de polietileno e implantados no tecido conjuntivo dorsal de ratos Wistar por 7, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias. Os esp��cimes foram preparados e corados com hematoxilina e eosina ou Von Kossa, ou n��o corados por luz polarizada. Foram realizadas avalia����es quantitativas e qualitativas das rea����es. Resultados: ambos os materiais causaram rea����es moderadas em 7 dias, decaindo com o tempo. O MTA Angelus causou rea����es leves em 15 dias, decaindo com o tempo. A resposta foi similar ao controle em 30, 60 e 90 dias com CPM e MTA Angelus. Foram observadas mineraliza����o e granula����es birrefringentes �� luz polarizada em ambos os materiais. Conclus��es: foi poss��vel concluir que o CPM e o MTA Angelus foram biocompat��veis em modelo de rato e estimularam a mineraliza����o.

Disposi����o construtiva em cadeira de banho para indiv��duos com defici��ncia f��sica motora e/ou com falta de estabilidade ou sustenta����o do tronco corporal

O presente modelo de utilidade descreve uma disposi����o construtiva em cadeira de banho para indiv��duos com defici��ncia f��sica motora e/ou com falta de estabilidade ou sustenta����o do tronco corporal que apresenta a estrutura do assento e do encosto de espuma de polietileno expandido de alta densidade, substituindo os convencionais revestimentos de material sint��tico, que n��o garante conforto ao usu��rio quando molhado e que se degenera rapidamente tendo em vista a umidade a que se encontra exposto, e alavancas dispostas nas laterais do assento interligadas �� bra��os que se projetam descendentes com por����o extrema inferior dotada de um batente que envolve a por����o anterior das rodas frontais, evitando os tombamentos frontais nas situa����es de altera����o do posicionamento do usu��rio em rela����o ao centro de gravidade da cadeira.

Import��ncia da avalia����o do ciclo de vida na an��lise de produtos: poss��veis aplica����es na constru����o civil

Much has been discussed lately about reusing waste in new construction materials and countless studies have been carried out based on this objective. However, before these products can be called ���sustainable��� and a recycling system can be effectively implemented, it is fundamental for all the aspects involved in this action to be understood, and more important, what are the true gains for the productive sector and what are the benefits for the environment if this was to occur. In order to obtain a general framework for all environmental aspects and potential impacts associated with these products, over their entire life cycle, the most appropriate methodology is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). In view of the above, the objective of this work is to provide an overview of current studies of LCA, its history, its importance, its standards and the methodology employed and its applications related to civil construction. It is expected, to obtain a more complete scenario of the influences from a study of LCA, as well as establishing a contribution for the assessment of specific products and processes for civil construction, disseminating the importance of the use of this tool within the sector.

Oportunidades de melhoria na gest��o de res��duos em empresas distribuidoras de eletricidade: o caso da AES Eletropaulo

A gest��o de res��duos em distribuidoras de eletricidade �� bastante complexa, pois enquadram-se em v��rios tipos (valorizados ou n��o) e gerados em grande quantidade. Em 2009, a AES Eletropaulo gerou quase quatro mil toneladas de res��duos n��o perigosos, subdivididos em 30 tipos. Uma divis��o por materiais, ap��s desmontagem e separa����o dos diferentes materiais contidos nos fios, cabos, chaves, isoladores com ferragem e para-raios, subiria o valor da venda em R$ 600 mil. Isso geraria cerca de 214 toneladas de porcelana que, mo��das, poderiam substituir as 210 toneladas de brita compradas anualmente pela concession��ria para uso em subesta����es. Cerca de 160 toneladas de porcelanas intactas poderiam ser utilizadas na confec����o de gabi��es para conten����o de encostas. Al��m disso, pe��as de ferro galvanizado poderiam ser decapadas e novamente galvanizadas para reaproveitamento.

Efeito da vinha��a na membrana impermeabilizante usada nos tanques de armazenamento

This work evaluated the effect of vinasse (residue from sugar cane) in high density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes having in mind that it is deposited at temperatures of 80-90��C on the geomembrane in storage tanks. The objective was to evaluate the resistance of the geomembrane in contact with residue in a total period of 4 months. Physical and mechanical tests, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to determine degradation of polymer membranes after chemical immersion. In general, the results obtained show that the vinasse affected the geomembranes significantly in some aspects, for instance, the thickness of the material presented a variation of 7.8%. The average values in both directions at yielding showed a significant loss of tensile strength (34.13%) and strain (23.48%) and an increase in the modulus of elasticity (9.63%). At the rupture the behavior presented the same trend: a loss of 32% for tensile strength and 24.4% for the deformation were observed. Tear strength presented small decrease (4.72%) and puncture resistance a increase of 7.9% after immersion of geomembranes. The TGA tests were not efficient to detect evidence of degradation in samples of geomembranes after exposures, but identified problems in the quality of the supplied material.

Evaluation of stress cracking on geomembranes after accelerated tests

This paper presents results of stress cracking tests performed in high density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes (GM). Stress cracking tests were performed in accordance to ASTM D5397: Notched Constant Tensile Load Test (NCTL) and Single Point-Notched Constant Tensile Load Test (SP-NCTL). Tests were conducted to the fresh sample at 50��C (standard test) and at 70��C (accelerated condition) in order to compare the SC values. Results from accelerated tests (NCTL) showed, for instance, a total economy of 390 hours (comparing load stages of 25% yield stress) to perform the tests.

Aluminas macro-mesoporosas produzidas pelo m��todo sol-gel para aplica����o em cat��lise heterog��nea

P��s-gradua����o em Qu��mica - IQ

Processo de produ����o de composto org��nico derivado de res��duos industriais com aplica����o no cultivo de alface

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Avalia����o fitoqu��mica e microbiol��gica da esp��cia Artemisia annua L. submetida a tratamentos de armazenamento e condi����es de ambiente

The species Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae) is native to China and has artemisinin as its main active component, substance that is considered a potent antimalarial drug. With the increased interest in natural active principles, studies related to post-harvest and storage of vegetable material become important for better conservation of its phytotherapic properties. Therefore, the present study had as objectivedefine the best storage conditions to preserve and keep the quality of phytotherapic drugs. Leaves of A. annua dried were stored for six months in polyethylene bags wrapped in Kraft paper and packed in four treatments: at ambient condition, refrigerated at 4 �� 2 oC, using normal packing, and using vacuum packing. Samples were taken for microbiological, moisture content, and level of artemisinin analyses before the experiment begun and at 30, 90, 120 and 180 days. The results of microbiological tests showed no significant contamination, as well as the moisture content of the stored (biological) material, which remain between 5% and 10%, keeping within acceptable parameters. The ambient without vacuum treatment (SVA) was the treatment that better maintained the sample stability during 180 days, however, the refrigerated without vacuum (SVR) showed greater efficiency to conserve the content of artemisinin.

Constru����o e valida����o de um t��nel de vento para ensaios de estimativa da deriva em pulveriza����es agr��colas

The aim of this study was to build and validate a low cost reduced-scale wind tunnel for drift evaluation on pesticide application technology. The work was carried out at the NEMPA - N��cleo de Ensaio de M��quinas e Pneus Agroflorestais (NEMPA), FCA/UNESP, Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Botucatu/SP, Brazil. The wind tunnel main characteristics were an open circuit and a closed working section with a fan blowing air into the tunnel. Screens were fitted downstream after the fan in order to stabilize the air flow on the working section. The tunnel was built with 3.0 mm eucalyptus hardboard, with a total length of 4.8 m and a squared section of 0.56 m. The air flow was provided by a 180 W axial fan. The system was adjusted and calibrated to provide a laminar and stable flow at 2.0 m s-1. Validation studies were carried out by using a Teejet XR 8003 flat fan nozzle at 200 kPa (medium droplets) to apply a spray solutions containing water plus a food dye (Blue FDC) at 0,6% m v-1 mixed with two adjuvants: a polymer based anti drift formulation at 0,06% m v-1 and a sodium lauryl ether sulfate based surfactant at 0,2% v v-1. After a 10-second application the drift was collected on nylon strips transversally fixed along the tunnel at different distances from the nozzle and different high from the bottom part of the tunnel. Drift deposits were evaluated by spectrophotometry. The wind tunnel had low levels of turbulence and high repeatability of the data, which means that the flow was uniform and able to be used for carrying out measures to estimate drift. The validation results showed that the tunnel was effective to enable comparative drift measurements on the spray solution used in this work making possible the evaluation of drift risk potential under those spray technologies. The use of an adjuvant based on a polymer reduced the amount of drift from the nozzle compared to the surfactant.

Caracteriza����o f��sica e qu��mica e potencial de deriva de caldas contendo surfatantes em pulveriza����es agr��colas

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the addition of different surfactants in physical and chemical properties of spray solutions, droplets spectra and drift potential on agricultural spraying. The surfactants and concentrations (v v-1) were: Haiten (0.1%), Antideriva and Intec (0.05% and 0.1%). The following characteristics were analyzed: surface tension, viscosity, density and electric conductivity. The droplet size spectrum was determined by a laser particle analyzer (Mastersizer S��, version 2.15) including measurements of volume medium diameter (VMD), the percent of droplets below 50 and 100 ��m (V50 e V100) and index span. In order to estimate the drift potential, a series of wind tunnel tests were performed with a Teejet XR 8003 flat fan nozzle at 200 kPa (medium droplets) used to apply the spray solutions containing water, the adjuvants and a food color dye (Brilliant blue FD & C no 1) at 0,6% m v-1. The drift was collected on nylon strips transversally fixed along the tunnel at different distances from the nozzle and different high from the bottom part of the tunnel. Drift deposits were evaluated by spectrophotometry. The results showed that the addition of adjuvants changed physical and chemical properties of spray solutions in different magnitudes according to the surfactant. Surfactants changed the droplet spectrum and drift potential, indicating that higher VMD and smaller V100 induced higher percentage of drift.

Conserva����o refrigerada de abacate 'hass' e 'fuerte' submetidos �� atmosferas modificadas ativas

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)

Efeito do ��cido Asc��rbico em mel��es 'Orange Flesh' minimamente processados

The aim of this work was to evaluate the application of different concentrations of ascorbic acid on Orange Flesh melon. Whole Melons were sanifi ed with 500 mg L-1 of sodium hypochlorite for 10 minutes and the cuts into cubes with 100 mg L-1 for 1 minute before being tested under different concentrations of ascorbic acid (0, 1, 2 and 3%) in immersion at room temperature for 10 minutes. After drainage, the cuts were packed in PET packages lined with polyethylene fi lm of 18 ��m and stored at 5 �� 1��C and 85 �� 5% of RH for 8 days, being evaluated every 2 days. Physicochemical, microbiological and sensorial analyses were performed. The experimental design utilized for the experiment was the completely randomized in factorial scheme. Ten replicates were used for non-destructive analyses and 3 replicates were used for destructive ones. The application of ascorbic acid reduced the loss of mass; the fruits presented a low population of psychrotrophic bacterias, fi lamentous, fungi and yeasts, reduction of soluble solids, pH and fi rmness and, consequently, extended postharvest life of the fruits by 2 days. The appearance, fl avor and taste were also affected. The application of 1% of ascorbic acid was the best treatment for the fresh cuts ���Orange Flesh��� melons.