1000 resultados para Philadelphia (Pa.).
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Contrata????o de servi??os t??cnicos profissionais especializados de doc??ncia para modera????o na Oficina, sob medida, de reflex??o e alinhamento das pol??ticas de promo????o e incentivo ?? leitura em nosso Pa??s, sendo a execu????o da Oficina norteada pelas diretrizes expressas no inciso I do art. 2?? da Resolu????o n?? 01 de 31 de janeiro de 2013 e nos incisos I do art. 2?? do Decreto n?? 8.091, de 03 de setembro de 2013
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Texto que analisa aspectos diversos relativos aos Recursos Humanos do Servi??o P??blico nos pa??ses industrializados, visando contribuir para a solu????o dos dilemas enfrentados pelos pa??ses em desenvolvimento nos seus atuais processos de reforma do Estado.
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Relat??rio que fornece uma vis??o geral da forma como a alta administra????o p??blica ?? gerenciada em v??rios pa??ses da OCDE .
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O projeto ???Apoio ao Desenvolvimento do Setor Algodoeiro dos Pa??ses do Cotton-4??? objetiva aumentar a produtividade, gerar diversidade gen??tica e aprimorar a qualidade do algod??o cultivado em Benin, Burkina Faso, Chade e Mali, de forma a contribuir para o desenvolvimento e o fortalecimento econ??mico. A IV Reuni??o do Comit?? Gestor do Projeto teve como um de seus objetivos refletir sobre as pr??ticas de implementa????o das a????es previstas no documento do projeto Cotton-4, bem como registrar percep????es e opini??es das equipes dos pa??ses africanos, com o prop??sito de reunir os elementos cr??ticos essenciais para sua posterior avalia????o
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Este artigo discute um aspecto do conhecimento pa'ikwené chamado púkúha, que significa tanto "entender" quanto "contar". Ele explora a numerologia indÃgena e a relação próxima, não menos imaginativa do que empÃrica, entre a matemática e a lingüÃstica, que nem sempre aparece em sociedades não orais como a nossa. O sistema matemático pa'ikwené é conceitualmente inventivo e lexicalmente profuso: alguns numerais têm mais de duzentas diferentes formas no uso corrente, graças a um intensivo processo de transformações de morfemas baseado no acréscimo de afixos. Portanto, uma palavra-número pode pertencer a vinte e uma classes numéricas que se relacionam a cinco diferentes categorias semânticas, que incorporam diversos estados e atributos discretos (macho/fêmea, concreto/abstrato, animado/inanimado, natural/sobrenatural), assim como idéias aritméticas e geométricas especÃficas. Assumindo uma abordagem antiplatônica, o artigo descreve a matemática pa'ikwené como um modo de conhecimento inato, corporificado e metafórico (Lakoff & Nuñez, 2000), que classifica e expressa o mundo em que se vive. Propõe também que os números pa'ikwené operam simultaneamente nos nÃveis literal e figurativo, ou seja, ambos como sÃmbolos com significados fixos e determinados, e como imagens polissêmicas de diferentes classes de coisas que compõem o universo nativo.
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Com a finalidade de se implantar um programa de assistência e educação alimentares na cidade de Londrina, Paraná (Brasil), estudaram-se a incidência e o grau de desnutrição em uma população infantil pertencente a camadas sociais de baixo poder aquisitivo. Foram observadas 2.710 crianças entre zero e doze anos de idade, de ambos os sexos. A maior porcentagem de desnutridos foi encontrada nos escolares, enquanto que a maior gravidade do processo, sob o ponto de vista da intensidade, foi verificada nas crianças moradoras em favelas. Comprovou-se a existência de relação direta entre a desnutrição e má escolaridade.
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Purpose - To develop and validate a psychometric scale for assessing image quality perception for chest X-ray images. Methods - Bandura's theory was used to guide scale development. A review of the literature was undertaken to identify items/factors which could be used to evaluate image quality using a perceptual approach. A draft scale was then created (22 items) and presented to a focus group (student and qualified radiographers). Within the focus group the draft scale was discussed and modified. A series of seven postero-anterior chest images were generated using a phantom with a range of image qualities. Image quality perception was confirmed for the seven images using signal-to-noise ratio (SNR 17.2–36.5). Participants (student and qualified radiographers and radiology trainees) were then invited to independently score each of the seven images using the draft image quality perception scale. Cronbach alpha was used to test interval reliability. Results - Fifty three participants used the scale to grade image quality perception on each of the seven images. Aggregated mean scale score increased with increasing SNR from 42.1 to 87.7 (r = 0.98, P < 0.001). For each of the 22 individual scale items there was clear differentiation of low, mid and high quality images. A Cronbach alpha coefficient of >0.7 was obtained across each of the seven images. Conclusion - This study represents the first development of a chest image quality perception scale based on Bandura's theory. There was excellent correlation between the image quality perception scores derived using the scale and the SNR. Further research will involve a more detailed item and factor analysis.
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Purpose - To compare the image quality and effective dose applying the 10 kVp rule with manual mode acquisition and AEC mode in PA chest X-ray. Method - 68 images (with and without lesions) were acquired using an anthropomorphic chest phantom using a Wolverson Arcoma X-ray unit. These images were compared against a reference image using the 2 alternative forced choice (2AFC) method. The effective dose (E) was calculated using PCXMC software using the exposure parameters and the DAP. The exposure index (lgM provided by Agfa systems) was recorded. Results - Exposure time decreases more when applying the 10 kVp rule with manual mode (50%–28%) when compared with automatic mode (36%–23%). Statistical differences for E between several ionization chambers' combinations for AEC mode were found (p = 0.002). E is lower when using only the right AEC ionization chamber. Considering the image quality there are no statistical differences (p = 0.348) between the different ionization chambers' combinations for AEC mode for images with no lesions. Considering lgM values, it was demonstrated that they were higher when the AEC mode was used compared to the manual mode. It was also observed that lgM values obtained with AEC mode increased as kVp value went up. The image quality scores did not demonstrate statistical significant differences (p = 0.343) for the images with lesions comparing manual with AEC mode. Conclusion - In general the E is lower when manual mode is used. By using the right AEC ionising chamber under the lung the E will be the lowest in comparison to other ionising chambers. The use of the 10 kVp rule did not affect the visibility of the lesions or image quality.
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Purpose: To compare image quality and effective dose when the 10 kVp rule is applied with manual and AEC mode in PA chest X-ray. Methods and Materials: A total of 68 images (with and without lesions) were acquired of an anthropomorphic chest phantom in a Wolverson Arcoma X-ray unit. The images were evaluated against a reference image using image quality criteria and the 2 alternative forced choice (2 AFC) method by five radiographers. The effective dose was calculated using PCXMC software using the exposure parameters and DAP. The exposure index (lgM) was recorded. Results: Exposure time decreases considerably when applying the 10 kVp rule in manual mode (50%-28%) compared to AEC mode (36%-23%). Statistical differences for effective dose between several AEC modes were found (p=0.002). The effective dose is lower when using only the right AEC ionization chamber. Considering image quality, there are no statistical differences (p=0.348) between the different AEC modes for images with no lesions. Using a higher kVp value the lgM values will also increase. The lgM values showed significant statistical differences (p=0.000). The image quality scores did not present statistically significant differences (p=0.043) for the images with lesions when comparing manual with AEC modes. Conclusion: In general, the dose is lower in the manual mode. By using the right AEC ionising chamber the effective dose will be the lowest in comparison to other ionising chambers. The use of the 10 kVp rule did not affect the detectability of the lesions.
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Purpose - To develop and validate a psychometric scale for assessing image quality for chest radiographs.
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The human lymphotropic viruses type I (HTLV-I) and type II (HTLV-II) are members of a group of mammalian retroviruses with similar biological properties, and blood transfusion is an important route of transmission. HTLV-I is endemic in a number of different geographical areas and is associated with several clinical disorders. HTLV-II is endemic in several Indian groups of the Americas and intravenous drug abusers in North and South America, Europe and Southeast Asia. During the year of 1995, all blood donors tested positive to HTLV-I/II in the State Blood Bank (HEMOPA), were directed to a physician and to the Virus Laboratory at the Universidade Federal do Pará for counselling and laboratory diagnosis confirmation. Thirty-five sera were tested by an enzyme immune assay, and a Western blot that discriminates HTLV-I and HTLV-II infection. Two HTLV-II positive samples were submitted to PCR analysis of pX and env genomic region, and confirmed to be of subtype IIa. This is the first detection in Belém of the presence of HTLV-IIa infection among blood donors. This result emphasizes that HTLV-II is also present in urban areas of the Amazon region of Brazil and highlights the need to include screening tests that are capable to detect antibodies for both types of HTLV.
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Foi realizada pesquisa de anticorpos IgG, IgM e IgA anti-Toxoplasma gondii no soro e fluidos intra-oculares (humor aquoso e vÃtreo) de pacientes com toxoplasmose ocular. A partir dos resultados obtidos verificou-se que anticorpos IgG e IgA intraocular anti-Toxoplasma gondii podem vir a ser importantes marcadores no diagnóstico de toxoplasmose ocular.
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Com o objetivo de isolar e identificar os sorotipos de enterovÃrus, agentes etiológicos mais freqüentes da sÃndrome de meningite asséptica, foram estudadas amostras de lÃquor de pacientes da unidade de saúde de referência da Cidade de Belém-PA, do perÃodo de março de 2002 a março de 2003. As amostras foram inoculadas em cultivos celulares RD e HEp-2, e as positivas identificadas por neutralização ou imunofluorescência indireta. De 249 amostras, 33 (13,2%) foram positivas sendo 57,6% (n=19) em pacientes menores de 11 anos (p<0,03) e predominantemente (72,7%) naqueles do sexo masculino (p<0,008). Os sorotipos isolados foram: EchovÃrus 30 (n=31), CoxsackievÃrus B5 (n=1) e EchovÃrus 30 e 4. Em conclusão, estudos deste tipo servem também para melhor compor o quadro nacional, ainda pouco definido, sobre os agentes enterovirais mais prevalentes em casos de SMA.